Renamed top-level folders to use underscores instead of dashes.

This commit is contained in:
Donne Martin
2015-06-28 06:39:24 -04:00
parent d44ed31ef9
commit 7573730e39
53 changed files with 0 additions and 0 deletions

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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<small><i>This notebook was prepared by [Donne Martin](http://donnemartin.com). Source and license info is on [GitHub](https://bit.ly/code-notes).</i></small>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Problem: Implement insertion sort.\n",
"\n",
"* [Constraints and Assumptions](#Constraints-and-Assumptions)\n",
"* [Test Cases](#Test-Cases)\n",
"* [Algorithm](#Algorithm)\n",
"* [Code](#Code)\n",
"* [Unit Test](#Unit-Test)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Constraints and Assumptions\n",
"\n",
"*Problem statements are often intentionally ambiguous. Identifying constraints and stating assumptions can help to ensure you code the intended solution.*\n",
"\n",
"* Are you looking for a naiive solution?\n",
" * Yes"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Test Cases\n",
"\n",
"* Empty input\n",
"* One element\n",
"* Two or more elements"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Algorithm\n",
"\n",
"Wikipedia's animation:\n",
"![alt text](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Insertion-sort-example-300px.gif)\n",
"\n",
"* For each value index 1 to n - 1\n",
" * Compare with all elements to the left of the current value to determine new insertion point\n",
" * Hold current value in temp variable\n",
" * Shift elements from new insertion point right\n",
" * Insert value in temp variable\n",
" * Break\n",
"\n",
"Complexity:\n",
"* Time: O(n^2) avarage, worst. O(1) best if input is already sorted.\n",
"* Space: O(1), stable"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Code"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def insertion_sort(data):\n",
" if len(data) < 2:\n",
" return\n",
" for r in xrange(1, len(data)):\n",
" for l in xrange(0, r):\n",
" if data[l] > data[r]:\n",
" temp = data[r]\n",
" data[l+1:r+1] = data[l:r]\n",
" data[l] = temp\n",
" break"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Unit Test\n",
"\n",
"*It is important to identify and run through general and edge cases from the [Test Cases](#Test-Cases) section by hand. You generally will not be asked to write a unit test like what is shown below.*"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Empty input\n",
"One element\n",
"Two or more elements\n",
"Success: test_insertion_sort\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"from nose.tools import assert_equal\n",
"\n",
"class Test(object):\n",
" def test_insertion_sort(self):\n",
" print('Empty input')\n",
" data = []\n",
" insertion_sort(data)\n",
" assert_equal(data, [])\n",
"\n",
" print('One element')\n",
" data = [5]\n",
" insertion_sort(data)\n",
" assert_equal(data, [5])\n",
"\n",
" print('Two or more elements')\n",
" data = [5, 1, 7, 2, 6, -3, 5, 7, -1]\n",
" insertion_sort(data)\n",
" assert_equal(data, sorted(data))\n",
" \n",
" print('Success: test_insertion_sort')\n",
"\n",
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n",
" test = Test()\n",
" test.test_insertion_sort()"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 2",
"language": "python",
"name": "python2"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 2
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
"version": "2.7.10"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 0
}

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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<small><i>This notebook was prepared by [Donne Martin](http://donnemartin.com). Source and license info is on [GitHub](https://bit.ly/code-notes).</i></small>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Problem: Implement merge sort.\n",
"\n",
"* [Constraints and Assumptions](#Constraints-and-Assumptions)\n",
"* [Test Cases](#Test-Cases)\n",
"* [Algorithm](#Algorithm)\n",
"* [Code](#Code)\n",
"* [Unit Test](#Unit-Test)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Constraints and Assumptions\n",
"\n",
"*Problem statements are often intentionally ambiguous. Identifying constraints and stating assumptions can help to ensure you code the intended solution.*\n",
"\n",
"* Are you looking for a naiive solution?\n",
" * Yes"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Test Cases\n",
"\n",
"* Empty input\n",
"* One element\n",
"* Two or more elements\n",
"* Left and right subarrays of different lengths"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Algorithm\n",
"\n",
"Wikipedia's animation:\n",
"![alt text](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Merge-sort-example-300px.gif)\n",
"\n",
"* Recursively split array into left and right halves\n",
"* Merge split arrays\n",
" * Using two pointers, one for each half starting at index 0\n",
" * Add the smaller element to the result array\n",
" * Inrement pointer where smaller element exists\n",
" * Copy remaining elements to the result array\n",
" * Return result array\n",
"\n",
"Complexity:\n",
"* Time: O(n log(n))\n",
"* Space: O(n), stable"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Code"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def merge(left, right):\n",
" l = 0\n",
" r = 0\n",
" result = []\n",
" while l < len(left) and r < len(right):\n",
" if left[l] < right[r]:\n",
" result.append(left[l])\n",
" l += 1\n",
" else:\n",
" result.append(right[r])\n",
" r += 1\n",
" while l < len(left):\n",
" result.append(left[l])\n",
" l += 1\n",
" while r < len(right):\n",
" result.append(right[r])\n",
" r += 1\n",
" return result\n",
"\n",
"def merge_sort(data):\n",
" if len(data) < 2:\n",
" return data\n",
" mid = len(data) / 2\n",
" left = data[0:mid]\n",
" right = data[mid:len(data)]\n",
" left = merge_sort(left)\n",
" right = merge_sort(right)\n",
" return merge(left, right)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Unit Test\n",
"\n",
"*It is important to identify and run through general and edge cases from the [Test Cases](#Test-Cases) section by hand. You generally will not be asked to write a unit test like what is shown below.*"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Empty input\n",
"One element\n",
"Two or more elements\n",
"Success: test_merge_sort\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"from nose.tools import assert_equal\n",
"\n",
"class Test(object):\n",
" def test_merge_sort(self):\n",
" print('Empty input')\n",
" data = []\n",
" merge_sort(data)\n",
" assert_equal(data, [])\n",
"\n",
" print('One element')\n",
" data = [5]\n",
" merge_sort(data)\n",
" assert_equal(data, [5])\n",
"\n",
" print('Two or more elements')\n",
" data = [5, 1, 7, 2, 6, -3, 5, 7, -1]\n",
" data = merge_sort(data)\n",
" assert_equal(data, sorted(data))\n",
" \n",
" print('Success: test_merge_sort')\n",
"\n",
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n",
" test = Test()\n",
" test.test_merge_sort()"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 2",
"language": "python",
"name": "python2"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 2
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
"version": "2.7.10"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 0
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<small><i>This notebook was prepared by [Donne Martin](http://donnemartin.com). Source and license info is on [GitHub](https://bit.ly/code-notes).</i></small>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Problem: Implement quick sort.\n",
"\n",
"* [Constraints and Assumptions](#Constraints-and-Assumptions)\n",
"* [Test Cases](#Test-Cases)\n",
"* [Algorithm](#Algorithm)\n",
"* [Code](#Code)\n",
"* [Unit Test](#Unit-Test)\n",
"* [Pythonic-Code](#Pythonic-Code)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Constraints and Assumptions\n",
"\n",
"*Problem statements are often intentionally ambiguous. Identifying constraints and stating assumptions can help to ensure you code the intended solution.*\n",
"\n",
"* Are you looking for a naiive solution (ie not in-place)?\n",
" * Yes"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Test Cases\n",
"\n",
"* Empty input\n",
"* One element\n",
"* Two or more elements"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Algorithm\n",
"\n",
"Wikipedia's animation:\n",
"![alt text](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Sorting_quicksort_anim.gif)\n",
"\n",
"* Set pivot to the middle element in the data\n",
"* For each element:\n",
" * If current element is the pivot, continue\n",
" * If the element is less than the pivot, add to left array\n",
" * Else, add to right array\n",
"* Recursively apply quicksort to the left array\n",
"* Recursively apply quicksort to the right array\n",
"* Merge the left array + pivot + right array\n",
"\n",
"Complexity:\n",
"* Time: O(n log(n)) average, best, O(n^2) worst\n",
"* Space: O(n), n extra space, n recursion depth, generally not stable"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Code"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def quick_sort(data):\n",
" if len(data) < 2:\n",
" return data\n",
" left = []\n",
" right = []\n",
" pivot_index = len(data) / 2\n",
" pivot_value = data[pivot_index]\n",
" for i in xrange(0, len(data)):\n",
" if i == pivot_index:\n",
" continue\n",
" if data[i] < pivot_value:\n",
" left.append(data[i])\n",
" else:\n",
" right.append(data[i])\n",
" left = quick_sort(left)\n",
" right = quick_sort(right)\n",
" return left + [pivot_value] + right"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Pythonic-Code\n",
"\n",
"From http://stackoverflow.com/questions/18262306/quick-sort-with-python"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def quick_sort_alt(arr): \n",
" if len(arr) <= 1:\n",
" return arr\n",
" else:\n",
" return quick_sort_alt([x for x in arr[1:] if x<arr[0]]) + [arr[0]] + quick_sort_alt([x for x in arr[1:] if x>=arr[0]])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Unit Test\n",
"\n",
"*It is important to identify and run through general and edge cases from the [Test Cases](#Test-Cases) section by hand. You generally will not be asked to write a unit test like what is shown below.*"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Empty input\n",
"One element\n",
"Two or more elements\n",
"Success: test_quick_sort\n",
"\n",
"Empty input\n",
"One element\n",
"Two or more elements\n",
"Success: test_quick_sort\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"from nose.tools import assert_equal\n",
"\n",
"class Test(object):\n",
" def test_quick_sort(self, func):\n",
" print('Empty input')\n",
" data = []\n",
" func(data)\n",
" assert_equal(data, [])\n",
"\n",
" print('One element')\n",
" data = [5]\n",
" func(data)\n",
" assert_equal(data, [5])\n",
"\n",
" print('Two or more elements')\n",
" data = [5, 1, 7, 2, 6, -3, 5, 7, -1]\n",
" data = func(data)\n",
" assert_equal(data, sorted(data))\n",
" \n",
" print('Success: test_quick_sort\\n')\n",
"\n",
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n",
" test = Test()\n",
" test.test_quick_sort(quick_sort)\n",
" test.test_quick_sort(quick_sort_alt)"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 2",
"language": "python",
"name": "python2"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 2
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
"version": "2.7.10"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 0
}

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@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"<small><i>This notebook was prepared by [Donne Martin](http://donnemartin.com). Source and license info is on [GitHub](https://bit.ly/code-notes).</i></small>"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Problem: Implement selection sort.\n",
"\n",
"* [Constraints and Assumptions](#Constraints-and-Assumptions)\n",
"* [Test Cases](#Test-Cases)\n",
"* [Algorithm](#Algorithm)\n",
"* [Code](#Code)\n",
"* [Unit Test](#Unit-Test)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Constraints and Assumptions\n",
"\n",
"*Problem statements are often intentionally ambiguous. Identifying constraints and stating assumptions can help to ensure you code the intended solution.*\n",
"\n",
"* Are you looking for a naiive solution (ie not stable, not based on a heap)?\n",
" * Yes"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Test Cases\n",
"\n",
"* Empty input\n",
"* One element\n",
"* Two or more elements"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Algorithm\n",
"\n",
"Wikipedia's animation:\n",
"![alt text](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Selection-Sort-Animation.gif)\n",
"\n",
"We can do this recursively or iteratively. Iteratively will be more efficient as it doesn't require the extra space overhead with the recursive calls.\n",
"\n",
"* For each element\n",
" * Check every element to the right to find the min\n",
" * If min < current element, swap\n",
"\n",
"Complexity:\n",
"* Time: O(n^2) average, worst, best\n",
"* Space: O(1) iterative, O(n) recursive (unless tail-call elimination is available, then O(1)), generally not stable"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Code"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def find_min_index(data, start):\n",
" min_index = start\n",
" for i in xrange(start + 1, len(data)):\n",
" if data[i] < data[min_index]:\n",
" min_index = i\n",
" return min_index\n",
"\n",
"def swap(data, i, j):\n",
" if (i != j):\n",
" data[i], data[j] = data[j], data[i]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def selection_sort_recursive(data, start=0):\n",
" if start < len(data) - 1:\n",
" swap(data, start, find_min_index(data, start))\n",
" selection_sort_recursive(data, start+1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def selection_sort_iterative(data):\n",
" if len(data) == 0 or len(data) == 1:\n",
" return\n",
" for i in xrange(0, len(data) - 1):\n",
" swap(data, i, find_min_index(data, i))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Unit Test\n",
"\n",
"*It is important to identify and run through general and edge cases from the [Test Cases](#Test-Cases) section by hand. You generally will not be asked to write a unit test like what is shown below.*"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Empty input\n",
"One element\n",
"Two or more elements\n",
"Success: test_selection_sort\n",
"\n",
"Empty input\n",
"One element\n",
"Two or more elements\n",
"Success: test_selection_sort\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"from nose.tools import assert_equal\n",
"\n",
"class Test(object):\n",
" def test_selection_sort(self, func):\n",
" print('Empty input')\n",
" data = []\n",
" func(data)\n",
" assert_equal(data, [])\n",
"\n",
" print('One element')\n",
" data = [5]\n",
" func(data)\n",
" assert_equal(data, [5])\n",
"\n",
" print('Two or more elements')\n",
" data = [5, 1, 7, 2, 6, -3, 5, 7, -1]\n",
" func(data)\n",
" assert_equal(data, sorted(data))\n",
" \n",
" print('Success: test_selection_sort\\n')\n",
"\n",
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n",
" test = Test()\n",
" test.test_selection_sort(selection_sort_recursive)\n",
" test.test_selection_sort(selection_sort_iterative)"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 2",
"language": "python",
"name": "python2"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 2
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
"version": "2.7.10"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 0
}

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