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level101/linux_basics/intro/index.html
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@@ -2306,7 +2306,7 @@
<h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
<h3 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h3>
<ul>
<li>Should be comfortable in using any operating systems like Windows, Linux or Mac</li>
<li>Should be comfortable in using any operating systems like Windows, Linux or</li>
<li>Expected to have fundamental knowledge of operating systems</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="what-to-expect-from-this-course">What to expect from this course</h2>
@@ -2316,13 +2316,13 @@ Linux distributions and uses of Linux operating systems. We will also talk about
difference between GUI and CLI.</p>
<p>In the second part, we cover some basic commands used in Linux.
We will focus on commands used for navigating the file system, viewing and manipulating files,
I/O redirection etc.</p>
<p>In the third part, we cover Linux system administration. This includes day to day tasks
I/O redirection, etc.</p>
<p>In the third part, we cover Linux system administration. This includes day-to-day tasks
performed by Linux admins, like managing users/groups, managing file permissions,
monitoring system performance, log files etc.</p>
<p>In the second and third part, we will be taking examples to understand the concepts.</p>
<p>In the second and third part, we will be showing examples to understand the concepts.</p>
<h2 id="what-is-not-covered-under-this-course">What is not covered under this course</h2>
<p>We are not covering advanced Linux commands and bash scripting in this
<p>We are not covering advanced Linux commands and Bash scripting in this
course. We will also not be covering Linux internals. </p>
<h2 id="course-contents">Course Contents</h2>
<p>The following topics has been covered in this course:</p>
@@ -2370,26 +2370,26 @@ course. We will also not be covering Linux internals. </p>
<p>Most of us are familiar with the Windows operating system used in more than
75% of the personal computers. The Windows operating systems
are based on Windows NT kernel. </p>
<p>A kernel is the most important part of
an operating system - it performs important functions like process
management, memory management, filesystem management etc.</p>
<p>Linux operating systems are based on the Linux kernel. A Linux based
<p>A <em>kernel</em> is the most important part of
an operating system&mdash;it performs important functions like process
management, memory management, filesystem management, etc.</p>
<p>Linux operating systems are based on the Linux kernel. A Linux-based
operating system will consist of Linux kernel, GUI/CLI, system libraries
and system utilities. The Linux kernel was independently developed and
released by Linus Torvalds. The Linux kernel is free and open-source -
<a href="https://github.com/torvalds/linux">https://github.com/torvalds/linux</a></p>
<p>Linux is a kernel and not a complete operating system. Linux kernel is combined with GNU system to make a complete operating system. Therefore, linux based operating systems are also called as GNU/Linux systems. GNU is an extensive collection of free softwares like compiler, debugger, C library etc.
<a href="https://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.en.html">Linux and the GNU System</a></p>
released by Linus Torvalds. The Linux kernel is free and open-source (See
<a href="https://github.com/torvalds/linux">https://github.com/torvalds/linux</a>).</p>
<p>Linux is a kernel and not a complete operating system. Linux kernel is combined with GNU system to make a complete operating system. Therefore, Linux-based operating systems are also called as GNU/Linux systems. GNU is an extensive collection of free softwares like compiler, debugger, C library etc. (See
<a href="https://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.en.html">Linux and the GNU System</a>)</p>
<p>History of Linux -
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Linux">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Linux</a></p>
<h2 id="what-are-popular-linux-distributions">What are popular Linux distributions</h2>
<p>A Linux distribution(distro) is an operating system based on
<p>A Linux distribution (<em>distro</em>) is an operating system based on
the Linux kernel and a package management system. A package management
system consists of tools that help in installing, upgrading,
configuring and removing softwares on the operating system.</p>
<p>Software are usually adopted to a distribution and are packaged in a
distro specific format. These packages are available through a distro
specific repository. Packages are installed and managed in the operating
distro-specific format. These packages are available through a distro-specific
repository. Packages are installed and managed in the operating
system by a package manager.</p>
<p><strong>List of popular Linux distributions:</strong></p>
<ul>
@@ -2425,12 +2425,12 @@ system by a package manager.</p>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Debian style (.deb)</td>
<td>Debian style (<code>.deb</code>)</td>
<td>Debian, Ubuntu</td>
<td>APT</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Red Hat style (.rpm)</td>
<td>Red Hat style (<code>.rpm</code>)</td>
<td>Fedora, CentOS, Red Hat Enterprise Linux</td>
<td>YUM</td>
</tr>
@@ -2465,13 +2465,13 @@ system by a package manager.</p>
<p>Mobile phones - Android is based on Linux operating system</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Embedded devices - watches, televisions, traffic lights etc</p>
<p>Embedded devices - watches, televisions, traffic lights, etc.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Satellites</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Network devices - routers, switches etc.</p>
<p>Network devices - routers, switches, etc.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="graphical-user-interface-gui-vs-command-line-interface-cli">Graphical user interface (GUI) vs Command line interface (CLI)</h2>
@@ -2493,9 +2493,9 @@ example of a CLI (command line interface). Bash is one of the most popular shell
programs available on Linux servers. Other popular shell programs are
zsh, ksh and tcsh.</p>
<p>Terminal is a program that opens a window and lets you interact with the
shell. Some popular examples of terminals are gnome-terminal, xterm,
konsole etc.</p>
<p>Linux users do use the terms shell, terminal, prompt, console etc.
shell. Some popular examples of terminals are GNOME-terminal, xterm,
Konsole, etc.</p>
<p>Linux users do use the terms shell, terminal, prompt, console, etc.
interchangeably. In simple terms, these all refer to a way of taking
commands from the user.</p>