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6289 lines
118 KiB
HTML
6289 lines
118 KiB
HTML
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<!doctype html>
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<link rel="canonical" href="https://linkedin.github.io/school-of-sre/level101/security/writing_secure_code/">
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<link rel="prev" href="../threats_attacks_defences/">
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<link rel="next" href="../conclusion/">
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<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.5.3, mkdocs-material-9.5.12">
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<title>Writing Secure code - School Of SRE</title>
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<body dir="ltr">
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<div data-md-component="skip">
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Skip to content
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</a>
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<div data-md-component="announce">
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</div>
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<script async defer data-domain="linkedin.github.io" src="https://tracking.eskratch.com/js/plausible.js"></script>
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<nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="header.title">
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<a href="https://linkedin.github.io/school-of-sre/" title="School Of SRE" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="School Of SRE">
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<img src="../../../img/sos.png" alt="logo">
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</a>
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<!-- Button to open drawer -->
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<a href="https://linkedin.github.io/school-of-sre/" title="School Of SRE" >
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School Of SRE
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</a>
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</span>
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<span class="md-header__topic md-ellipsis">
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Writing Secure code
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</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
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<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
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<div class="md-search-result__meta">
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Initializing search
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<ol class="md-search-result__list" role="presentation"></ol>
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<div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
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<main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
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<div class="md-main__inner md-grid">
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Home
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</a>
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</li>
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<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
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<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
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<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
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<!-- Navigation pruning -->
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<!-- Nested navigation item -->
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<!-- Navigation link icon -->
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<!-- Navigation link title -->
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Level 101
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||
</span>
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|
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<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
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|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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>
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Level 101
|
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
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|
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|
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<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
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|
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|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
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|
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<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
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|
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<!-- Nested navigation item -->
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
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|
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|
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<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Fundamentals Series
|
||
</span>
|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_1">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Fundamentals Series
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
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<input
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<label
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|
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|
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<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
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|
||
|
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<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Linux Basics
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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|
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|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="3"
|
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|
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|
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>
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_1_1">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Linux Basics
|
||
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|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
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<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../linux_basics/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
||
|
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<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
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|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Command Line Basics
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../linux_basics/linux_server_administration/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Server Administration
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../linux_basics/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
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|
||
|
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|
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|
||
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|
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|
||
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|
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||
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||
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||
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||
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||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine checked and indeterminate state -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_2_1_2"
|
||
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_2_1_2"
|
||
id="__nav_2_1_2_label"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Git
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="3"
|
||
aria-labelledby="__nav_2_1_2_label"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_1_2">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Git
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../git/git-basics/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Git Basics
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../git/branches/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Working With Branches
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../git/github-hooks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Github and Hooks
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../git/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Currently active page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine checked and indeterminate state -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_2_1_3"
|
||
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_2_1_3"
|
||
id="__nav_2_1_3_label"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Linux Networking
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="3"
|
||
aria-labelledby="__nav_2_1_3_label"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_1_3">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Linux Networking
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../linux_networking/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../linux_networking/dns/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
DNS
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../linux_networking/udp/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
UDP
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../linux_networking/http/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
HTTP
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../linux_networking/tcp/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
TCP
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../linux_networking/ipr/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Routing
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../linux_networking/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Currently active page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Currently active page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine checked and indeterminate state -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_2_2"
|
||
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_2_2"
|
||
id="__nav_2_2_label"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Python and Web
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="2"
|
||
aria-labelledby="__nav_2_2_label"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_2">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Python and Web
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../python_web/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../python_web/python-concepts/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Some Python Concepts
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../python_web/python-web-flask/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Python, Web and Flask
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../python_web/url-shorten-app/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
The URL Shortening App
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../python_web/sre-conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Currently active page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine checked and indeterminate state -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_2_3"
|
||
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_2_3"
|
||
id="__nav_2_3_label"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Data
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="2"
|
||
aria-labelledby="__nav_2_3_label"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_3">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Data
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine checked and indeterminate state -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_2_3_1"
|
||
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_2_3_1"
|
||
id="__nav_2_3_1_label"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Relational Databases
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="3"
|
||
aria-labelledby="__nav_2_3_1_label"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_3_1">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Relational Databases
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/concepts/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Key Concepts
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/mysql/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
MySQL
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/innodb/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
InnoDB
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/backup_recovery/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Backup and Recovery
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/replication/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
MySQL Replication
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/operations/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Operational Concepts
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/select_query/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Select Query
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/query_performance/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Query Performance
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/lab/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Lab
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_sql/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Currently active page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine checked and indeterminate state -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_2_3_2"
|
||
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_2_3_2"
|
||
id="__nav_2_3_2_label"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
NoSQL
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="3"
|
||
aria-labelledby="__nav_2_3_2_label"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_3_2">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
NoSQL
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_nosql/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_nosql/key_concepts/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Key Concepts
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../databases_nosql/further_reading/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Currently active page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine checked and indeterminate state -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_2_3_3"
|
||
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_2_3_3"
|
||
id="__nav_2_3_3_label"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Message Queue
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="3"
|
||
aria-labelledby="__nav_2_3_3_label"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_3_3">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Message Queue
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../messagequeue/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../messagequeue/key_concepts/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Key Concepts
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../messagequeue/further_reading/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Currently active page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine checked and indeterminate state -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_2_3_4"
|
||
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_2_3_4"
|
||
id="__nav_2_3_4_label"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Big Data
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="3"
|
||
aria-labelledby="__nav_2_3_4_label"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_3_4">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Big Data
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../big_data/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../big_data/evolution/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Evolution and Architecture of Hadoop
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../big_data/tasks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Currently active page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Currently active page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine checked and indeterminate state -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_2_4"
|
||
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_2_4"
|
||
id="__nav_2_4_label"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Systems Design
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="2"
|
||
aria-labelledby="__nav_2_4_label"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_4">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Systems Design
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../systems_design/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../systems_design/scalability/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Scalability
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../systems_design/availability/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Availability
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../systems_design/fault-tolerance/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Fault Tolerance
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../systems_design/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Currently active page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine checked and indeterminate state -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_2_5"
|
||
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_2_5"
|
||
id="__nav_2_5_label"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Metrics and Monitoring
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="2"
|
||
aria-labelledby="__nav_2_5_label"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_5">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Metrics and Monitoring
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../metrics_and_monitoring/introduction/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../metrics_and_monitoring/command-line_tools/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Command-line Tools
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../metrics_and_monitoring/third-party_monitoring/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Third-party Monitoring
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../metrics_and_monitoring/alerts/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Proactive Monitoring with Alerts
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../metrics_and_monitoring/best_practices/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Best Practices for Monitoring
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../metrics_and_monitoring/observability/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Observability
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../metrics_and_monitoring/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Currently active page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine checked and indeterminate state -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_2_6"
|
||
checked
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_2_6"
|
||
id="__nav_2_6_label"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Security
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="2"
|
||
aria-labelledby="__nav_2_6_label"
|
||
aria-expanded="true"
|
||
>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_6">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Security
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../fundamentals/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Fundamentals of Security
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../network_security/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Network Security
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../threats_attacks_defences/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Threat, Attacks & Defences
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- State toggle -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle"
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__toc"
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Hack: see partials/toc.html for more information -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link to table of contents -->
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Writing Secure code
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<a
|
||
href="./"
|
||
class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Writing Secure code
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Table of contents -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Table of contents
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#use-frameworks-to-enforce-security-and-reliability-while-writing-code" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Use frameworks to enforce security and reliability while writing code
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#common-security-vulnerabilities" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Common Security Vulnerabilities
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#write-simple-code" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Write Simple Code
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Write Simple Code">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#avoid-multi-level-nesting" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Avoid Multi-Level Nesting
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#eliminate-yagni-smells" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Eliminate YAGNI Smells
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#repay-technical-debt" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Repay Technical Debt
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#refactoring" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Refactoring
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#unit-testing" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Unit Testing
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#fuzz-testing" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Fuzz Testing
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#integration-testing" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Integration Testing
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#last-but-not-the-least" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Last But not the least
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Currently active page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Currently active page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine checked and indeterminate state -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_3"
|
||
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_3"
|
||
id="__nav_3_label"
|
||
tabindex=""
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Level 102
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="1"
|
||
aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Level 102
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine checked and indeterminate state -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_3_1"
|
||
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_3_1"
|
||
id="__nav_3_1_label"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Linux Intermediate
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="2"
|
||
aria-labelledby="__nav_3_1_label"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_1">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Linux Intermediate
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/linux_intermediate/introduction/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/linux_intermediate/package_management/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Package Management
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/linux_intermediate/storage_media/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Storage Media
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/linux_intermediate/archiving_backup/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Archiving and Backup
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/linux_intermediate/introvim/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Introduction to Vim
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/linux_intermediate/bashscripting/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Bash Scripting
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/linux_intermediate/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Currently active page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine checked and indeterminate state -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_3_2"
|
||
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_3_2"
|
||
id="__nav_3_2_label"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Linux Advanced
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="2"
|
||
aria-labelledby="__nav_3_2_label"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_2">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Linux Advanced
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine checked and indeterminate state -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_3_2_1"
|
||
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_3_2_1"
|
||
id="__nav_3_2_1_label"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Containerization And Orchestration
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="3"
|
||
aria-labelledby="__nav_3_2_1_label"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_2_1">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Containerization And Orchestration
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/containerization_and_orchestration/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/containerization_and_orchestration/intro_to_containers/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Introduction To Containers
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/containerization_and_orchestration/containerization_with_docker/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Containerization With Docker
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/containerization_and_orchestration/orchestration_with_kubernetes/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Orchestration With Kubernetes
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/containerization_and_orchestration/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Currently active page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine checked and indeterminate state -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_3_2_2"
|
||
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_3_2_2"
|
||
id="__nav_3_2_2_label"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
System Calls and Signals
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="3"
|
||
aria-labelledby="__nav_3_2_2_label"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_2_2">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
System Calls and Signals
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_calls_and_signals/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_calls_and_signals/signals/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Signals
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_calls_and_signals/system_calls/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
System Calls
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_calls_and_signals/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Currently active page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Currently active page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine checked and indeterminate state -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_3_3"
|
||
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_3_3"
|
||
id="__nav_3_3_label"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Networking
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="2"
|
||
aria-labelledby="__nav_3_3_label"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_3">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Networking
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/networking/introduction/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/networking/security/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Security
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/networking/scale/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Scale
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/networking/rtt/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
RTT
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/networking/infrastructure-features/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Infrastructure Services
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/networking/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Currently active page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine checked and indeterminate state -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_3_4"
|
||
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_3_4"
|
||
id="__nav_3_4_label"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
System Design
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="2"
|
||
aria-labelledby="__nav_3_4_label"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_4">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
System Design
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_design/intro/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_design/large-system-design/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Large System Design
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_design/scaling/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Scaling
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_design/scaling-beyond-the-datacenter/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Scaling Beyond the Data Center
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_design/resiliency/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Resiliency
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_design/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Currently active page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine all nested items that are index pages -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Render 1st level items with nested items as sections -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine checked and indeterminate state -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_3_5"
|
||
|
||
/>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_3_5"
|
||
id="__nav_3_5_label"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
System Troubleshooting and Performance Improvements
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="2"
|
||
aria-labelledby="__nav_3_5_label"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_5">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
System Troubleshooting and Performance Improvements
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_troubleshooting_and_performance/introduction/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_troubleshooting_and_performance/troubleshooting/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Troubleshooting
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_troubleshooting_and_performance/important-tools/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Important Tools
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_troubleshooting_and_performance/performance-improvements/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Performance Improvements
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_troubleshooting_and_performance/troubleshooting-example/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Troubleshooting Example
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../level102/system_troubleshooting_and_performance/conclusion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
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|
||
|
||
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Conclusion
|
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</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
||
|
||
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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</ul>
|
||
</nav>
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|
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</li>
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|
||
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
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|
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|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<!-- Navigation tabs -->
|
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|
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|
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<!-- Navigation pruning -->
|
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|
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|
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<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
<!-- Active checkbox expands items contained within nested section -->
|
||
<input
|
||
class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle "
|
||
type="checkbox"
|
||
id="__nav_3_6"
|
||
|
||
/>
|
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|
||
<!-- Toggle to expand nested items -->
|
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|
||
|
||
<label
|
||
class="md-nav__link"
|
||
for="__nav_3_6"
|
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id="__nav_3_6_label"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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>
|
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|
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<!-- Navigation link icon -->
|
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|
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|
||
<!-- Navigation link title -->
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery
|
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|
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|
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<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
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|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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<!-- Toggle to expand nested items with link to index page -->
|
||
|
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|
||
<!-- Nested navigation -->
|
||
<nav
|
||
class="md-nav"
|
||
data-md-level="2"
|
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aria-labelledby="__nav_3_6_label"
|
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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>
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_6">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery
|
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</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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<!-- Nested navigation item -->
|
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<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../../level102/continuous_integration_and_continuous_delivery/introduction/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Introduction
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|
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<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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||
|
||
|
||
|
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<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../../level102/continuous_integration_and_continuous_delivery/introduction_to_cicd/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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What is CI/CD?
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<!-- Navigation link status -->
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</a>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
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<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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Brief History
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</span>
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<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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||
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||
|
||
|
||
|
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<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../../level102/continuous_integration_and_continuous_delivery/continuous_integration_build_pipeline/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Continuous Integration
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||
</span>
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|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
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|
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||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../../level102/continuous_integration_and_continuous_delivery/continuous_delivery_release_pipeline/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Continuous Delivery and Deployment
|
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</span>
|
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|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
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||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../../level102/continuous_integration_and_continuous_delivery/jenkins_cicd_pipeline_hands_on_lab/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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CI/CD Pipeline - Hands-on
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</span>
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|
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|
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|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Conclusion
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
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|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
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|
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<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
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<!-- Pruned navigation item -->
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<!-- Currently active page -->
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
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|
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|
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<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
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|
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|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../../CONTRIBUTING/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Contribute
|
||
</span>
|
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|
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<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
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|
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|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
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|
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|
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<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../../CODE_OF_CONDUCT/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Code of Conduct
|
||
</span>
|
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|
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<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
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|
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|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Determine classes -->
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|
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|
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<!-- Determine active page for paginated views -->
|
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|
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|
||
<!-- Navigation item with nested items -->
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../../sre_community/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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SRE Community
|
||
</span>
|
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|
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<!-- Navigation link status -->
|
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|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
|
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<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
|
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<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Table of contents
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#use-frameworks-to-enforce-security-and-reliability-while-writing-code" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Use frameworks to enforce security and reliability while writing code
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#common-security-vulnerabilities" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Common Security Vulnerabilities
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#write-simple-code" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Write Simple Code
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Write Simple Code">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#avoid-multi-level-nesting" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Avoid Multi-Level Nesting
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#eliminate-yagni-smells" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Eliminate YAGNI Smells
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#repay-technical-debt" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Repay Technical Debt
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#refactoring" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Refactoring
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#unit-testing" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Unit Testing
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#fuzz-testing" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Fuzz Testing
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#integration-testing" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Integration Testing
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#last-but-not-the-least" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Last But not the least
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
|
||
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h1 id="part-iv-writing-secure-code-more">PART IV: Writing Secure Code & More</h1>
|
||
<p>The first and most important step in reducing security and reliability issues is to educate developers. However, even the best-trained engineers make mistakes, security experts can write insecure code and SREs can miss reliability issues. It’s difficult to keep the many considerations and tradeoffs involved in building secure and reliable systems in mind simultaneously, especially if you’re also responsible for producing software.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="use-frameworks-to-enforce-security-and-reliability-while-writing-code">Use frameworks to enforce security and reliability while writing code</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>A better approach is to handle security and reliability in common frameworks, languages, and libraries. Ideally, libraries only expose an interface that makes writing code with common classes of security vulnerabilities impossible.</li>
|
||
<li>Multiple applications can use each library or framework. When domain experts fix an issue, they remove it from all the applications the framework supports, allowing this engineering approach to scale better.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="common-security-vulnerabilities">Common Security Vulnerabilities</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>In large codebases, a handful of classes account for the majority of security vulnerabilities, despite ongoing efforts to educate developers and introduce code review. OWASP and SANS publish lists of common vulnerability classes</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p><img alt="image26" src="../images/image26.png" /></p>
|
||
<h2 id="write-simple-code">Write Simple Code</h2>
|
||
<p>Try to keep your code clean and simple.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="avoid-multi-level-nesting">Avoid Multi-Level Nesting</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Multilevel nesting is a common anti-pattern that can lead to simple mistakes. If the error is in the most common code path, it will likely be captured by the unit tests. However, unit tests don’t always check error handling paths in multilevel nested code. The error might result in decreased reliability (for example, if the service crashes when it mishandles an error) or a security vulnerability (like a mishandled authorization check error).</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="eliminate-yagni-smells">Eliminate YAGNI Smells</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Sometimes developers overengineer solutions by adding functionality that may be useful in the future, “just in case.” This goes against the YAGNI (You Aren’t Gonna Need It) principle, which recommends implementing only the code that you need. YAGNI code adds unnecessary complexity because it needs to be documented, tested, and maintained.</li>
|
||
<li>To summarize, avoiding YAGNI code leads to improved reliability, and simpler code leads to fewer security bugs, fewer opportunities to make mistakes, and less developer time spent maintaining unused code.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="repay-technical-debt">Repay Technical Debt</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>It is a common practice for developers to mark places that require further attention with TODO or FIXME annotations. In the short term, this habit can accelerate the delivery velocity for the most critical functionality, and allow a team to meet early deadlines—but it also incurs technical debt. Still, it’s not necessarily a bad practice, as long as you have a clear process (and allocate time) for repaying such debt.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="refactoring">Refactoring</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Refactoring is the most effective way to keep a codebase clean and simple. Even a healthy codebase occasionally needs to be.</li>
|
||
<li>Regardless of the reasons behind refactoring, you should always follow one golden rule: never mix refactoring and functional changes in a single commit to the code repository. Refactoring changes are typically significant and can be difficult to understand.</li>
|
||
<li>If a commit also includes functional changes, there’s a higher risk that an author or reviewer might overlook bugs.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="unit-testing">Unit Testing</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Unit testing can increase system security and reliability by pinpointing a wide range of bugs in individual software components before a release. This technique involves breaking software components into smaller, self-contained “units” that have no external dependencies, and then testing each unit.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="fuzz-testing">Fuzz Testing</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Fuzz testing is a technique that complements the previously mentioned testing techniques. Fuzzing involves using a fuzzing engine to generate a large number of candidate inputs that are then passed through a fuzz driver to the fuzz target. The fuzzer then analyzes how the system handles the input. Complex inputs handled by all kinds of software are popular targets for fuzzing—for example, file parsers, compression algorithms, network protocol implementation and audio codec.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="integration-testing">Integration Testing</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Integration testing moves beyond individual units and abstractions, replacing fake or stubbed-out implementations of abstractions like databases or network services with real implementations. As a result, integration tests exercise more complete code paths. Because you must initialize and configure these other dependencies, integration testing may be slower and flakier than unit testing—to execute the test, this approach incorporates real-world variables like network latency as services communicate end-to-end. As you move from testing individual low-level units of code to testing how they interact when composed together, the net result is a higher degree of confidence that the system is behaving as expected.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="last-but-not-the-least">Last But not the least</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Code Reviews</li>
|
||
<li>Rely on Automation</li>
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