Add Send A Message To A Discord Channel as a Workflow TIL

README.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ pairing with smart people at Hashrocket.
 
 For a steady stream of TILs, [sign up for my newsletter](https://crafty-builder-6996.ck.page/e169c61186).
 
-_1472 TILs and counting..._
+_1475 TILs and counting..._
 
 ---
 
@@ -326,6 +326,7 @@ _1472 TILs and counting..._
 - [List Untracked Files](git/list-untracked-files.md)
 - [List Untracked Files For Scripting](git/list-untracked-files-for-scripting.md)
 - [Move The Latest Commit To A New Branch](git/move-the-latest-commit-to-a-new-branch.md)
+- [Override The Global Git Ignore File](git/override-the-global-git-ignore-file.md)
 - [Pick Specific Changes To Stash](git/pick-specific-changes-to-stash.md)
 - [Pulling In Changes During An Interactive Rebase](git/pulling-in-changes-during-an-interactive-rebase.md)
 - [Push To A Branch On Another Remote](git/push-to-a-branch-on-another-remote.md)
@@ -795,6 +796,7 @@ _1472 TILs and counting..._
 - [Max Identifier Length Is 63 Bytes](postgres/max-identifier-length-is-63-bytes.md)
 - [Open Heroku Database In Postico From Terminal](postgres/open-heroku-database-in-postico-from-terminal.md)
 - [pg Prefix Is Reserved For System Schemas](postgres/pg-prefix-is-reserved-for-system-schemas.md)
+- [Postgres Does Not Support Unsigned Integers](postgres/postgres-does-not-support-unsigned-integers.md)
 - [Prepare, Execute, And Deallocate Statements](postgres/prepare-execute-and-deallocate-statements.md)
 - [Pretty Print Data Sizes](postgres/pretty-print-data-sizes.md)
 - [Pretty Printing JSONB Rows](postgres/pretty-printing-jsonb-rows.md)
@@ -1717,6 +1719,7 @@ _1472 TILs and counting..._
 - [Prune The Excess From node_modules](workflow/prune-the-excess-from-node-modules.md)
 - [Rotate An Image To Be Oriented Upright](workflow/rotate-an-image-to-be-oriented-upright.md)
 - [See Overlaps For A Set Of Time Zones](workflow/see-overlaps-for-a-set-of-time-zones.md)
+- [Send A Message To A Discord Channel](workflow/send-a-message-to-a-discord-channel.md)
 - [Set Recurring Reminders In Slack](workflow/set-recurring-reminders-in-slack.md)
 - [Toggle Between Stories In Storybook](workflow/toggle-between-stories-in-storybook.md)
 - [Update asdf Plugins With Latest Package Versions](workflow/update-asdf-plugins-with-latest-package-versions.md)

git/override-the-global-git-ignore-file.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Override The Global Git Ignore File
+
+One of the places that `git` looks when deciding whether to pay attention to or
+ignore a file is in your global _ignore_ file. By default, `git` will look for
+this file at `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore` or `$HOME/.config/git/ignore`.
+
+I don't have `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` set on my machine, so it will fall back to the
+config directory under `$HOME`.
+
+I may have to create the `git` directory and `ignore` file.
+
+```bash
+$ mkdir $HOME/.config/git
+$ touch $HOME/.config/git/ignore
+```
+
+Then I can add file and directories to exclude to that `ignore` file just like
+I would any other `.gitignore` file.
+
+If I'd prefer for the global _ignore_ file to live somewhere else, I can
+specify that location and filename in my `$HOME/.gitconfig` file.
+
+```
+[core]
+	excludesFile = ~/.gitignore
+```
+
+Setting this will override the default, meaning the default file mentioned
+above will be ignored ("now you know how it feels, ignore file!"). In this
+case, I'll need to create the `.gitignore` file in my home directory and add
+any of my ignore rules.
+
+[source](https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore)

postgres/postgres-does-not-support-unsigned-integers.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Postgres Does Not Support Unsigned Integers
+
+PostgreSQL has a variety of sizes of integer types, from `smallint` (2 bytes)
+to `integer` (4 bytes) to `bigint` (8 bytes), as well as [other numeric
+types](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/datatype-numeric.html).
+
+It does _not_ however support unsigned versions of these numeric types.
+
+That means, with an `integer` for instance, we can store numbers between
+`-2147483648` and `+2147483647`. That's everything that can fit into 4 bytes.
+In a system that supported 4 byte unsigned integers we'd be able to represent
+from `0` all the way up to `4294967295`.
+
+In PostgreSQL, we're limited to these _signed_ numeric types.
+
+That means if we were hoping that the data type could essentially enforce a
+non-negative restriction on the data in one of our columns, we're going to have
+to be more creative. The obvious choice to me is to consider adding a [check
+constraint](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-CHECK-CONSTRAINTS)
+(e.g. `quantity integer check (quantity > 0)`).
+
+Another option, as pointed out by [this StackOverflow
+answer](https://stackoverflow.com/a/31833279/535590), is to create [a
+user-defined _domain
+type_](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/domains.html) that restricts
+valid values. To me, the ergonomics of using a domain type are a bit awkward
+and not worth the effort.
+
+With either of these solutions, we are only approximating an unsigned integer
+and do not actually have the same range of values available.

workflow/send-a-message-to-a-discord-channel.md

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# Send A Message To A Discord Channel
+
+I recently added a form to [visualmode.dev](https://www.visualmode.dev) that
+when submitted should send the details to an internal channel in my discord
+server.
+
+I didn't need to set up an _App_ or a _Bot_ to do this. It is much simpler than
+that. All I needed was a valid [_webhook_
+endpoint](https://discord.com/developers/docs/resources/webhook) for my channel
+that I can `POST` to.
+
+From Discord, I can select _Edit Channel_ for a specific channel, go to the
+_Integrations_ tab, go to _Webhooks_, and then create a _New Webhook_. I can
+name it, save it, and then copy the webhook URL.
+
+As a demonstration, I can `POST` to that webhook URL using `cURL` like so:
+
+```bash
+curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST -d '{"content":"Hello from cURL!"}' <YOUR_WEBHOOK_URL>
+```
+
+Similarly, in some non-public-facing code like a Next.js serverless function, I
+can `POST` to that webhook URL with the `content` that I want to appear in my
+channel.
+
+```
+import { NextResponse } from 'next/server'
+
+export async function POST(request: Request) {
+  const data = await request.json()
+
+  const discordWebhookUrl = process.env.DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL
+  if (discordWebhookUrl) {
+    try {
+      const response = await fetch(discordWebhookUrl, {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: {
+          'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+        },
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          content: `New contact form submission:\nName: ${data.name}\nEmail: ${data.email}\nCompany: ${data.company}\nPhone: ${data.phone}\nMessage: ${data.message}`,
+        }),
+      })
+
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        throw new Error('Failed to send Discord message')
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error('Error sending to Discord:', error)
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { error: 'Failed to process form submission' },
+        { status: 500 },
+      )
+    }
+  }
+
+  return NextResponse.json({ message: 'Form submitted successfully' })
+}
+```
+
+This [Structure of Webhook
+guide](https://birdie0.github.io/discord-webhooks-guide/discord_webhook.html)
+has more details on how to specifically structure and format a more complex
+message.