Merge 15337dfd71 into 42854fdc38

See [here](https://github.blog/changelog/2022-10-11-github-actions-deprecating-save-state-and-set-output-commands/) for more explanations:
> We are monitoring telemetry for the usage of these commands and plan to fully disable them on 31st May 2023. Starting 1st June 2023 workflows using save-state or set-output commands via stdout will fail with an error.

README.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ pairing with smart people at Hashrocket.
 
 For a steady stream of TILs, [sign up for my newsletter](https://crafty-builder-6996.ck.page/e169c61186).
 
-_1402 TILs and counting..._
+_1418 TILs and counting..._
 
 ---
 
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ _1402 TILs and counting..._
 * [jq](#jq)
 * [Kitty](#kitty)
 * [Linux](#linux)
+* [LLM](#llm)
 * [Mac](#mac)
 * [MongoDB](#mongodb)
 * [MySQL](#mysql)
@@ -98,6 +99,7 @@ _1402 TILs and counting..._
 ### Brew
 
 - [Configure Brew Environment Variables](brew/configure-brew-environment-variables.md)
+- [List All Services Managed By Brew](brew/list-all-services-managed-by-brew.md)
 
 ### Chrome
 
@@ -397,6 +399,7 @@ _1402 TILs and counting..._
 - [Adding Alt Text To An Image](html/adding-alt-text-to-an-image.md)
 - [Determine Which Button Submitted The Form](html/determine-which-button-submitted-the-form.md)
 - [Disable Auto-Completion For A Form Input](html/disable-auto-completion-for-a-form-input.md)
+- [Make Elements Non-Interactive With Inert](html/make-elements-non-interactive-with-inert.md)
 - [Prevent Search Engines From Indexing A Page](html/prevent-search-engines-from-indexing-a-page.md)
 - [Render Text As Superscript](html/render-text-as-superscript.md)
 - [Submit A Form With A Button Outside The Form](html/submit-a-form-with-a-button-outside-the-form.md)
@@ -436,6 +439,7 @@ _1402 TILs and counting..._
 - [Computed Property Names In ES6](javascript/computed-property-names-in-es6.md)
 - [Conditionally Include Pairs In An Object](javascript/conditionally-include-pairs-in-an-object.md)
 - [Configure Jest To Run A Test Setup File](javascript/configure-jest-to-run-a-test-setup-file.md)
+- [Convert Seconds To Date Object](javascript/convert-seconds-to-date-object.md)
 - [Create A Cancelable Promise With PCancelable](javascript/create-a-cancelable-promise-with-pcancelable.md)
 - [Create An Array Containing 1 To N](javascript/create-an-array-containing-1-to-n.md)
 - [Create An Object With No Properties](javascript/create-an-object-with-no-properties.md)
@@ -552,6 +556,11 @@ _1402 TILs and counting..._
 - [Show Used And Available System Memory](linux/show-used-and-available-system-memory.md)
 - [Upgrading Ubuntu](linux/upgrading-ubuntu.md)
 
+### LLM
+
+- [Send cURL To Claude Text Completion API](llm/send-curl-to-claude-text-completion-api.md)
+- [Use The llm CLI With Claude Models](llm/use-the-llm-cli-with-claude-models.md)
+
 ### Mac
 
 - [Access All Screen And Video Capture Options](mac/access-all-screen-and-video-capture-options.md)
@@ -679,6 +688,7 @@ _1402 TILs and counting..._
 - [Count How Many Records There Are Of Each Type](postgres/count-how-many-records-there-are-of-each-type.md)
 - [Count Records By Type](postgres/count-records-by-type.md)
 - [Count The Number Of Trues In An Aggregate Query](postgres/count-the-number-of-trues-in-an-aggregate-query.md)
+- [Create A Cluster In A Specific Data Directory](postgres/create-a-cluster-in-a-specific-data-directory.md)
 - [Create A Composite Primary Key](postgres/create-a-composite-primary-key.md)
 - [Create A Table From The Structure Of Another](postgres/create-a-table-from-the-structure-of-another.md)
 - [Create An Index Across Two Columns](postgres/create-an-index-across-two-columns.md)
@@ -818,6 +828,7 @@ _1402 TILs and counting..._
 - [Access Instance Variables](python/access-instance-variables.md)
 - [Create A Dummy DataFrame In Pandas](python/create-a-dummy-dataframe-in-pandas.md)
 - [Test A Function With Pytest](python/test-a-function-with-pytest.md)
+- [Use pipx To Install End User Apps](python/use-pipx-to-install-end-user-apps.md)
 
 ### Rails
 
@@ -878,6 +889,7 @@ _1402 TILs and counting..._
 - [Get ActiveRecord Attribute Directly From Database](rails/get-active-record-attribute-directly-from-database.md)
 - [Get An Array Of Values From The Database](rails/get-an-array-of-values-from-the-database.md)
 - [Get An Empty ActiveRecord Relation](rails/get-an-empty-activerecord-relation.md)
+- [Get Formatted UTC Offset Value](rails/get-formatted-utc-offset-value.md)
 - [Get Help With A Rails App Update](rails/get-help-with-a-rails-app-update.md)
 - [Get The Column Names For A Model](rails/get-the-column-names-for-a-model.md)
 - [Get The Current Time](rails/get-the-current-time.md)
@@ -1089,6 +1101,7 @@ _1402 TILs and counting..._
 - [Add Progress Reporting To Long-Running Script](ruby/add-progress-reporting-to-long-running-script.md)
 - [Are They All True?](ruby/are-they-all-true.md)
 - [Assert About An Object's Attributes With RSpec](ruby/assert-about-an-objects-attributes-with-rspec.md)
+- [Audit Your Ruby Project For Any CVEs](ruby/audit-your-ruby-project-for-any-cves.md)
 - [Assoc For Hashes](ruby/assoc-for-hashes.md)
 - [Block Comments](ruby/block-comments.md)
 - [Build HTTP And HTTPS URLs](ruby/build-http-and-https-urls.md)
@@ -1112,6 +1125,7 @@ _1402 TILs and counting..._
 - [Defaulting To Frozen String Literals](ruby/defaulting-to-frozen-string-literals.md)
 - [Define A Custom RSpec Matcher](ruby/define-a-custom-rspec-matcher.md)
 - [Define A Method On A Struct](ruby/define-a-method-on-a-struct.md)
+- [Define Multiline Strings With Heredocs](ruby/define-multiline-strings-with-heredocs.md)
 - [Destructure The First Item From An Array](ruby/destructure-the-first-item-from-an-array.md)
 - [Destructuring Arrays In Blocks](ruby/destructuring-arrays-in-blocks.md)
 - [Disassemble Some Codes](ruby/disassemble-some-codes.md)
@@ -1135,6 +1149,7 @@ _1402 TILs and counting..._
 - [Generate Ruby Version And Gemset Files With RVM](ruby/generate-ruby-version-and-gemset-files-with-rvm.md)
 - [Get Info About Your RubyGems Environment](ruby/get-info-about-your-ruby-gems-environment.md)
 - [Get The Output Of Running A System Program](ruby/get-the-output-of-running-a-system-program.md)
+- [Get UTC Offset For Different Time Zones](ruby/get-utc-offset-for-different-time-zones.md)
 - [Identify Outdated Gems](ruby/identify-outdated-gems.md)
 - [If You Detect None](ruby/if-you-detect-none.md)
 - [Iterate With An Offset Index](ruby/iterate-with-an-offset-index.md)
@@ -1377,6 +1392,7 @@ _1402 TILs and counting..._
 - [Less With Style](unix/less-with-style.md)
 - [List All The Enabled ZSH Options](unix/list-all-the-enabled-zsh-options.md)
 - [List All Users](unix/list-all-users.md)
+- [List Files In A Single Column](unix/list-files-in-a-single-column.md)
 - [List Files Ordered By Modification Date](unix/list-files-ordered-by-modification-date.md)
 - [List Names Of Files With Matches](unix/list-names-of-files-with-matches.md)
 - [List Of Sessions To A Machine](unix/list-of-sessions-to-a-machine.md)
@@ -1395,6 +1411,7 @@ _1402 TILs and counting..._
 - [Partial String Matching In Bash Scripts](unix/partial-string-matching-in-bash-scripts.md)
 - [PID Of The Current Shell](unix/pid-of-the-current-shell.md)
 - [Print A Range Of Lines For A File With Bat](unix/print-a-range-of-lines-for-a-file-with-bat.md)
+- [Print DateTime Represented By Unix Timestamp](unix/print-datetime-represented-by-unix-timestamp.md)
 - [Print Milliseconds In Human-Readable Format](unix/print-milliseconds-in-human-readable-format.md)
 - [Print Out Files In Reverse](unix/print-out-files-in-reverse.md)
 - [Print The Current Date In Human-Readable Format](unix/print-the-current-date-in-human-readable-format.md)
@@ -1425,6 +1442,7 @@ _1402 TILs and counting..._
 - [Tell direnv To Load The Env File](unix/tell-direnv-to-load-the-env-file.md)
 - [Touch Access And Modify Times Individually](unix/touch-access-and-modify-times-individually.md)
 - [Undo Some Command Line Editing](unix/undo-some-command-line-editing.md)
+- [Unrestrict Where ripgrep Searches](unix/unrestrict-where-ripgrep-searches.md)
 - [Update Package Versions Known By asdf Plugin](unix/update-package-versions-known-by-asdf-plugin.md)
 - [Use fzf To Change Directories](unix/use-fzf-to-change-directories.md)
 - [Use Regex Pattern Matching With Grep](unix/use-regex-pattern-matching-with-grep.md)
@@ -1611,6 +1629,7 @@ _1402 TILs and counting..._
 - [Pop Open The Quick Fix Window](vscode/pop-open-the-quick-fix-window.md)
 - [Step Through Project-Wide Search Results](vscode/step-through-project-wide-search-results.md)
 - [Toggle Between Terminals](vscode/toggle-between-terminals.md)
+- [Turn Off Display Of Tabs For Files](vscode/turn-off-display-of-tabs-for-files.md)
 
 ### Webpack
 
@@ -1623,6 +1642,7 @@ _1402 TILs and counting..._
 ### Workflow
 
 - [Add Subtitles To Existing Mux Video Asset](workflow/add-subtitles-to-existing-mux-video-asset.md)
+- [Access 1Password Credential From CLI](workflow/access-1password-credential-from-cli.md)
 - [Change Window Name In iTerm](workflow/change-window-name-in-iterm.md)
 - [Convert An ePub Document To PDF On Mac](workflow/convert-an-epub-document-to-pdf-on-mac.md)
 - [Create A Local Sanity Dataset Backup](workflow/create-a-local-sanity-dataset-backup.md)

brew/list-all-services-managed-by-brew.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# List All Services Managed By Brew
+
+Daemonized services, such as PostgreSQL, can be installed and managed with
+Homebrew. Under the hood `brew` uses `launchctl` on Mac to manage these
+services — i.e. starting, restarting, and stopping them.
+
+Assuming you've already installed some services, you can run `brew services
+list` to see what services there are and what their current status is.
+
+```bash
+$ brew services list
+Name          Status  User       File
+mailhog       none
+mysql         none
+postgresql@11 started jbranchaud ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.postgresql@11.plist
+postgresql@13 none
+postgresql@16 none
+unbound       none
+```
+
+This is the default behavior if you just run `brew services` without a subcommand.
+
+This is helpful if you are, for instance, trying to see which PostgreSQL server
+version you are currently running and which other ones are available to run. I
+might then issue a `stop` to `postgresql@11` so that I can then `start` the
+`postgresql@16` service.
+
+See `brew services --help` for more details.

github-actions/capture-an-output-value-for-use-in-a-later-step.md

@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ version from my `.tool-versions` file with a step that uses `set-output`.
   - name: Read Node.js version to install from `.tool-versions`
     id: nodejs
     run: >-
-      echo "::set-output name=NODE_VERSION::$(
+      echo "NODE_VERSION=$(
         cat .tool-versions |
         grep nodejs |
         sed 's/nodejs \(.*\)$/\1/'
-      )"
+      )" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 ```
 
 `echo` runs the command in the string which sets `NODE_VERSION` as an output
@@ -45,4 +45,4 @@ This output value can be referenced in a later step.
 `steps` has a reference to the `nodejs` step (note the `id` above) which then
 has `outputs` like the `NODE_VERSION`.
 
-[source](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/reference/workflow-commands-for-github-actions#using-workflow-commands-to-access-toolkit-functions)
+[source](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-commands-for-github-actions#setting-an-output-parameter)

html/make-elements-non-interactive-with-inert.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Make Elements Non-Interactive With Inert
+
+The [`inert`
+attribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/inert)
+global attribute is a boolean that can be applied to an element or section of
+content in an HTML document. When it is `true`, that elements and anything
+nested within it will not be interactive.
+
+```html
+<div class="fancy-animation" inert>
+  <!-- ... -->
+</div>
+```
+
+This has a couple different implications:
+
+1. Click events are not fired on these elements.
+
+2. These elements will not be able to gain focus.
+
+3. These elements and content are hidden from assistive technology.
+
+This is useful for a variety of things. In particular, it is good for
+accessibility when a portion of the document, like a fancy animation, isn't
+meant to be traversed by assistive technology.

javascript/convert-seconds-to-date-object.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Convert Seconds To Date Object
+
+Let's say you have an integer that represents the number of seconds since the
+unix epoch. This is a reasonably common way for systems to represent a date.
+
+For example, `1713350171` is an _Expiration Date_ I just got from an API.
+
+But how do we know what date that actually represents and how can we get a
+JavaScript `Date` object from that value?
+
+The `new Date()` constructor can produce a date object given an integer. That
+integer is not supposed to be seconds since the unix epoch though. See what we
+get here:
+
+```javascript
+> new Date(1713350171)
+1970-01-20T19:55:50.171Z
+```
+
+Something is off. The integer that you pass to `new Date()` needs to be the
+_number of milliseconds_ since the unix epoch. We can get there by multiplying
+our _seconds_ value by `1000`.
+
+```javascript
+> new Date(1713350171 * 1000)
+2024-04-17T10:36:11.000Z
+```
+
+Not only can we, as humans, read that date, but we have a `Date` object that we
+can use within our program.
+
+Note: if you execute `Date.now()`, the value you get is in milliseconds.

llm/send-curl-to-claude-text-completion-api.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Send cURL To Claude Text Completion API
+
+Here is how we can make a `cURL` (`POST`) request to the Claude text completion
+API. It requires already having a Claude API account with (paid) credits. At
+this time, you can get $5 in free credits to try it out.
+
+Assuming all that, we can grab an API key, store it somewhere safe and
+accessible like 1Password, and then start formatting a request.
+
+We need to specify a couple headers as well as `POST` body parameters.
+
+```bash
+curl -X POST \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -H "x-api-key: $(op item get "Anthropic Claude API Key" --field credential)" \
+  -H "anthropic-version: 2023-06-01" \
+  -d \
+'{
+  "model": "claude-2.1",
+  "max_tokens_to_sample": 1024,
+  "prompt": "Human: Show me an example of a simple Ruby program.\n\nAssistant:"
+}' \
+  https://api.anthropic.com/v1/complete
+```
+
+The required headers are:
+- `"Content-Type: application/json"`
+- `x-api-key` with our API key
+- `"anthropic-version: 2023-06-01"` (the latest Anthropic API version)
+
+Then, in the body, we specify:
+- the `model` (e.g. `claude-2.1`)
+- the max number of tokens you want the model to use
+- a prompt that starts with `Human:` and then prompts the `Assistant:`
+
+Note: this is a legacy API and the [Messages
+API](https://docs.anthropic.com/claude/reference/messages_post) should be
+preferred.
+
+[source](https://docs.anthropic.com/claude/reference/complete_post)

llm/use-the-llm-cli-with-claude-models.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Use The llm CLI With Claude Models
+
+[Simon Willison's `llm`](https://llm.datasette.io/en/stable/index.html) can be
+used with a bunch of different models (local and API). The whole thing is
+plugin driven. To use a specific model, you'll need to install the plugin for
+it. For instance, to use the [Claude 3 family of
+models](https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-3-family) you need to install
+`llm-claude-3`.
+
+```bash
+$ llm install llm-claude-3
+```
+
+Then when prompting `llm`, specify which of the Claude models you want to use —
+`claude-3-haiku`, `claude-3-sonnet`, or `claude-3-opus` — with the `-m` flag:
+
+```bash
+$ llm \
+  -m claude-3-haiku \
+   --key $CLAUDE_API_KEY \
+  'Show me the SQL query to create a cocktails table.'
+```
+
+Note: instead of adding my Claude API key to the key store, I've opted to
+include it with the `--key` flag via an environment variable that I've set
+ahead of time.

postgres/create-a-cluster-in-a-specific-data-directory.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Create A Cluster In A Specific Data Directory
+
+Let's say I want to create a PostgreSQL cluster near my app. So, I create a
+`postgres/data` directory next to my app. Then I run the `initdb` command
+pointing at that directory and specifying the UTF-8 locale.
+
+Here is what that looks like:
+
+```bash
+$ /usr/local/opt/postgresql@13/bin/initdb -D postgres/data --locale=en_US.UTF-8
+
+The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "jbranchaud".
+This user must also own the server process.
+
+The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8".
+The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
+The default text search configuration will be set to "english".
+
+Data page checksums are disabled.
+
+fixing permissions on existing directory postgres/data ... ok
+creating subdirectories ... ok
+selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
+selecting default max_connections ... 100
+selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
+selecting default time zone ... America/Chicago
+creating configuration files ... ok
+running bootstrap script ... ok
+performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
+syncing data to disk ... ok
+
+initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
+You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
+--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
+
+Success. You can now start the database server using:
+
+    '/usr/local/opt/postgresql@13/bin/pg_ctl' -D postgres/data -l logfile start
+```
+
+As stated at the end of the command's output, I can run the `postgres` server
+with that data directory with:
+
+```bash
+$ '/usr/local/opt/postgresql@13/bin/pg_ctl' -D postgres/data -l logfile start
+```

python/use-pipx-to-install-end-user-apps.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Use pipx To Install End User Apps
+
+The [`pipx`](https://pipx.pypa.io/stable/) tool is an installer for the python
+ecosystem. It differs from `pip` in that it is for installing end-user
+applications and it does so in isolated environments.
+
+You can install `pipx` with an OS-specific installer like Homebrew:
+
+```bash
+$ brew install pipx
+```
+
+Ensure `pipx`-installed apps are on your path:
+
+```bash
+$ pipx ensurepath
+```
+
+Then use `pipx` to install programs like
+[`cowsay`](https://pypi.org/project/cowsay/) or
+[`llm`](https://llm.datasette.io/en/stable/setup.html):
+
+```bash
+$ pipx install llm
+
+$ which llm
+/Users/jbranchaud/.local/bin/llm
+
+$ llm --version
+llm, version 0.13.1
+```

rails/get-formatted-utc-offset-value.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Get Formatted UTC Offset Value
+
+The UTC offset (during DST) for Chicago is `-05:00`. And for Newfoundland it is
+`-02:30`.
+
+Rails has an [`ActiveSupport::TimeZone`
+module](https://api.rubyonrails.org/v7.1.3.2/classes/ActiveSupport/TimeZone.html#method-c-seconds_to_utc_offset)
+that can turn the UTC offset in seconds into this formatted value.
+
+```ruby
+> chicago = TZInfo::Timezone.get('America/Chicago')
+=> #<TZInfo::DataTimezone: America/Chicago>
+> ActiveSupport::TimeZone.seconds_to_utc_offset(chicago.utc_offset)
+=> "-05:00"
+
+> newfoundland = TZInfo::Timezone.get('America/St_Johns')
+=> #<TZInfo::DataTimezone: America/St_Johns>
+> ActiveSupport::TimeZone.seconds_to_utc_offset(newfoundland.utc_offset)
+=> "-02:30"
+```
+
+The underlying `tzinfo` gem is DST-aware and its database even knows which time
+zone identifiers don't observe DST, so you can run this anytime of the year and
+expect reliable results.
+
+Here is another way at this:
+
+```ruby
+> chicago = TZInfo::Timezone.get('America/Chicago')
+=> #<TZInfo::DataTimezone: America/Chicago>
+> ActiveSupport::TimeZone[chicago.name]
+=> #<ActiveSupport::TimeZone:0x00000001099d8140 @name="America/Chicago", @tzinfo=#<TZInfo::DataTimezone: America/Chicago>, @utc_offset=nil>
+> ActiveSupport::TimeZone[chicago.name].formatted_offset
+=> "-06:00"
+> ActiveSupport::TimeZone[chicago.name].formatted_offset(false)
+=> "-0600"
+```

ruby/audit-your-ruby-project-for-any-cves.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Audit Your Ruby Project For Any CVEs
+
+The [`bundler-audit` gem](https://github.com/rubysec/bundler-audit) is a handy
+tool that you can run manually or integrate into your CI workflow to warn you
+about any CVEs in your dependencies.
+
+Running this tool without any arguments will perform a check of your
+`Gemfile.lock` file. It will check against the
+[`ruby-advisory-db`](https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db) for any CVEs
+linked to your dependencies, down to the patch-level.
+
+```bash
+$ bundle exec bundler-audit
+
+Name: puma
+Version: 4.3.12
+CVE: CVE-2024-21647
+GHSA: GHSA-c2f4-cvqm-65w2
+Criticality: Medium
+URL: https://github.com/puma/puma/security/advisories/GHSA-c2f4-cvqm-65w2
+Title: Puma HTTP Request/Response Smuggling vulnerability
+Solution: upgrade to '~> 5.6.8', '>= 6.4.2'
+
+Vulnerabilities found!
+```
+
+In this example run, a vulnerability was found in the currently installed
+version of the `puma` gem.
+
+I believe a standard `bundler-audit` command will make sure the advisory DB is
+up-to-date, but to be sure, you can run the `update` command.
+
+```bash
+$ bundle exec bundler-audit update
+
+Updating ruby-advisory-db ...
+From https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db
+ * branch            master     -> FETCH_HEAD
+Already up to date.
+Updated ruby-advisory-db
+ruby-advisory-db:
+  advisories:   884 advisories
+  last updated: 2024-03-26 16:27:16 -0700
+  commit:       840f21aeeb8a06a93a3c3bf1e2a92d7167029992
+```

ruby/define-multiline-strings-with-heredocs.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# Define Multiline Strings With Heredocs
+
+[A _heredoc_ (_here document_) is a special ruby
+syntax](https://ruby-doc.org/core-2.5.0/doc/syntax/literals_rdoc.html#label-Here+Documents)
+for defining formatted multiline strings. These are useful for any situation
+where you need to define a block of text where newlines and indentation are
+preserved -- e.g. output an error, help message, or some formatted SQL.
+
+The standard syntax is defined with `<<` and some uppercase identifier (e.g.
+`TXT`, `DOC`, `SQL`, etc.) to open and close the multiline string.
+
+```ruby
+def lookup_team(team_id)
+  query = <<SQL
+    select users.id from users
+      join teams
+        on teams.id = users.team_id
+      where teams.id = #{team_id}
+      order by created_at desc
+      limit 10;
+SQL
+
+  team_member_ids = db.execute(query)
+end
+```
+
+With the SQL formatted this way, it is easier to read and we can print/log out
+this nicely formatted version to make debugging easier.
+
+Notice that the terminating `SQL` identifier is fully left justified. I find
+that visually off relative to the indentation of everything else, so I like to
+use the _indented_ heredoc syntax (`<<-`).
+
+```ruby
+def lookup_team(team_id)
+  query = <<-SQL
+    select users.id from users
+      join teams
+        on teams.id = users.team_id
+      where teams.id = #{team_id}
+      order by created_at desc
+      limit 10;
+  SQL
+
+  team_member_ids = db.execute(query)
+end
+```

ruby/get-utc-offset-for-different-time-zones.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Get UTC Offset For Different Time Zones
+
+The [IANA Time Zone Database](https://www.iana.org/time-zones) uses identifiers
+like `America/Chicago`, `Asia/Hong_Kong`, `Africa/Nairobi`, etc. as specifiers
+for notable locations with time zone information.
+
+> Most timezones correspond to a notable location and the database records all
+> known clock transitions for that location; some timezones correspond instead
+> to a fixed UTC offset.
+—[Theory and pragmatics of the tz code and data](https://data.iana.org/time-zones/theory.html)
+
+These identifiers can be used to look up time zone details with the [`tzinfo`
+gem](https://github.com/tzinfo/tzinfo).
+
+Here is an example of passing one to the `#get` method and then getting the UTC
+offset in seconds.
+
+```ruby
+> require 'tzinfo'
+
+> mountain = TZInfo::Timezone.get('America/Denver')
+=> #<TZInfo::DataTimezone: America/Denver>
+> mountain.utc_offset
+=> -21600
+```
+
+We can even get the base UTC offset that doesn't account for DST:
+
+```ruby
+> moutain.base_utc_offset
+=> -25200
+```
+
+Notice, this is the same as the standard offset for a time zone like Phoenix
+that doesn't observe DST.
+
+```ruby
+> phoenix = TZInfo::Timezone.get('America/Phoenix')
+=> #<TZInfo::DataTimezone: America/Phoenix>
+> phoenix.utc_offset
+=> -25200
+```

unix/list-files-in-a-single-column.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# List Files In A Single Column
+
+The `ls` command lists out the files and directories in your current directory
+or a specified directory.
+
+The standard output for an `ls` command expands the fit the width of your
+terminal screen.
+
+```bash
+❯ ls *.(ts|js)
+cypress.config.ts  postcss.config.js  remix.config.js    remix.env.d.ts     server.ts          tailwind.config.ts vitest.config.ts
+```
+
+This might not always be the ideal way to view that output. For instance, the
+above example when shared as a code block like in this post ends up with
+horizontal scroll.
+
+With the `-1` flag, we can tell `ls` to display the results in a single
+vertical column.
+
+```bash
+❯ ls -1 *.(ts|js)
+cypress.config.ts
+postcss.config.js
+remix.config.js
+remix.env.d.ts
+server.ts
+tailwind.config.ts
+vitest.config.ts
+```
+
+See `man ls` for more details.
+
+[source](https://askubuntu.com/questions/954924/listing-files-in-directory-in-one-column)

unix/print-datetime-represented-by-unix-timestamp.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Print DateTime Represented By Unix Timestamp
+
+A lot of tools and systems use a Unix timestamp to represent a point in time.
+It is the number of seconds since the Unix epoch (Jan 1, 1970). However, just
+looking at a timestamp like `1623867544` doesn't tell a human much. I can't
+mentally translate that to the date and time that it is representing.
+
+The `date` utility can help. Give it the `-r` flag with the timestamp value (in
+seconds) and it will display the date and time in a human-readable format.
+
+```bash
+❯ date -r '1623867544'
+Wed Jun 16 13:19:04 CDT 2021
+```
+
+See `man date` for more details.

unix/unrestrict-where-ripgrep-searches.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Unrestrict Where ripgrep Searches
+
+One of the conveniences of [`rg`
+(ripgrep)](https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep) is that by default it doesn't
+search in places you probably don't want it to search. That means it ignores
+anything specified by your `.gitignore` file, it excludes hidden files and
+directories (dotfiles, e.g. `.git/` or `.env`), and it excludes binary files.
+
+These restrictions can be incrementally undone as needed using the `-u` flag.
+
+The `-u` flag on its own will remove the ignored files restriction. This is
+equivalent to the `--no-ignore` flag.
+
+```bash
+$ rg -u pattern
+```
+
+Adding an additional `u` (`-uu`) to that flag will remove both the ignored files and
+hidden files restrictions. This is a shorthand equivalent to both `--no-ignore`
+and `--hidden`.
+
+```bash
+$ rg -uu pattern
+```
+
+Adding one more `u` (`-uuu`) will additionally remove the binary file
+restriction. Equivalent to those other two flags plus `--text`.
+
+```bash
+$ rg -uuu pattern
+```
+
+[source](https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep/blob/master/GUIDE.md#automatic-filtering)

vscode/turn-off-display-of-tabs-for-files.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Turn Off Display Of Tabs For Files
+
+Each time a file is opened in VS Code, it appears as one of many toward the top
+of the window right above the text editor area. It shows the name of the file
+and the 'dirty' status. Over time as more and more files are opened and edited,
+the tabs accumulate and can only be viewed by horizontally scrolling left and
+right.
+
+There are other ways to navigate to files besides selecting tabs of already
+opened files. So, if you'd like to reclaim some screen real estate and reduce
+the visual clutter of the tabs, you can turn them off.
+
+Hit `Cmd+Shift+P`, then search for and go to _Preferences: Open Settings (UI)_.
+Search for _Show Tabs_ which will show up under _Workbench > Editor_.
+
+The default is _Multiple_. You can switch it to _None_ to completely hide tabs.
+You can also set it to _Single_ which will display file name and path for the
+current file, but eliminate the clutter of all other tabs.

workflow/access-1password-credential-from-cli.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Access 1Password Credential From CLI
+
+With the `op` CLI, I can store things like API keys and secrets in my 1Password
+vault and then access them from the command line. This assumes I've already
+installed the CLI (`brew install 1password-cli`) and connected it to the
+1Password app via the _Developer_ settings.
+
+The `op item get` command takes a credential name and returns all the details
+for the entry with that _Title_. Here is how I can access my _Anthropic Claude
+API Key_ details.
+
+```bash
+$ op item get "Anthropic Claude API Key"
+```
+
+With the `--field` flag, I can grab a specific field, such as the `credential`,
+from that entry.
+
+```bash
+$ op item get "Anthropic Claude API Key" --field credential
+sk-ant-api03-abc......xyz
+```
+
+A command like this can be embedded in other commands as a way of referencing
+secrets without explicitly entering them into your shell history.
+
+```bash
+$ curl https://api -H "x-api-key: $(op item get "Anthropic Claude API Key" --field credential)" ...
+```