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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ working across different projects via [VisualMode](https://www.visualmode.dev/).
For a steady stream of TILs, [sign up for my newsletter](https://visualmode.kit.com/newsletter). For a steady stream of TILs, [sign up for my newsletter](https://visualmode.kit.com/newsletter).
_1825 TILs and counting..._ _1827 TILs and counting..._
See some of the other learning resources I work on: See some of the other learning resources I work on:
@@ -1104,6 +1104,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
- [Sort Normalized Version Of Data](python/sort-normalized-version-of-data.md) - [Sort Normalized Version Of Data](python/sort-normalized-version-of-data.md)
- [Start The Debugger When A Test Errors](python/start-the-debugger-when-a-test-errors.md) - [Start The Debugger When A Test Errors](python/start-the-debugger-when-a-test-errors.md)
- [Store And Access Immutable Data In A Tuple](python/store-and-access-immutable-data-in-a-tuple.md) - [Store And Access Immutable Data In A Tuple](python/store-and-access-immutable-data-in-a-tuple.md)
- [Strictly Separate Positional And Keyword Arguments](python/strictly-separate-positional-and-keyword-arguments.md)
- [Test A Function With Pytest](python/test-a-function-with-pytest.md) - [Test A Function With Pytest](python/test-a-function-with-pytest.md)
- [Turn Method Into Cached Property On Class Instance](python/turn-method-into-cached-property-on-class-instance.md) - [Turn Method Into Cached Property On Class Instance](python/turn-method-into-cached-property-on-class-instance.md)
- [Use pipx To Install End User Apps](python/use-pipx-to-install-end-user-apps.md) - [Use pipx To Install End User Apps](python/use-pipx-to-install-end-user-apps.md)
@@ -1839,6 +1840,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
- [Rename A Bunch Of Files By Constructing mv Commands](unix/rename-a-bunch-of-files-by-constructing-mv-commands.md) - [Rename A Bunch Of Files By Constructing mv Commands](unix/rename-a-bunch-of-files-by-constructing-mv-commands.md)
- [Repeat Yourself](unix/repeat-yourself.md) - [Repeat Yourself](unix/repeat-yourself.md)
- [Replace Pattern Across Many Files In A Project](unix/replace-pattern-across-many-files-in-a-project.md) - [Replace Pattern Across Many Files In A Project](unix/replace-pattern-across-many-files-in-a-project.md)
- [Restart Specific Overmind Process](unix/restart-specific-overmind-process.md)
- [Reverse Each Line Of A File](unix/reverse-each-line-of-a-file.md) - [Reverse Each Line Of A File](unix/reverse-each-line-of-a-file.md)
- [Run A Command Repeatedly Several Times](unix/run-a-command-repeatedly-several-times.md) - [Run A Command Repeatedly Several Times](unix/run-a-command-repeatedly-several-times.md)
- [Run A cURL Command Without The Progress Meter](unix/run-a-curl-command-without-the-progress-meter.md) - [Run A cURL Command Without The Progress Meter](unix/run-a-curl-command-without-the-progress-meter.md)
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# Strictly Separate Positional And Keyword Arguments
Typically when I define a function with arguments in Python, I can choose pass
the arguments to that function as positional or keyword arguments. I can even
mix and match as long as all positional arguments come before all keyword
arguments.
But what if I want to enforce a strict boundary between what arguments are
positional and what arguments are keyword?
By combining the _positional-only marker_ (`/`) and _keyword-only marker_ (`*`),
I can get exactly that effect.
Here I have defined a `connect` function that takes `host` and `port` arguments.
Because both appear before the `/` marker, they must be passed as positional. I
also have a `timeout` argument with a default. Because `timeout` comes after the
`*` marker, it must be passed as a keyword argument.
```python
def connect(host, port, /, *, timeout=30):
print(f"Connecting to #{host}:#{port}")
print(f" Timeout: {timeout}s")
# ...
```
Let's see it in action.
```python
>>> connect("localhost", 3000, timeout=20)
Connecting to #localhost:#3000
Timeout: 20s
>>> connect(host="localhost", port=4000)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/lastword/dev/misc/python-experiments/arguments.py", line 37, in <module>
connect(host="localhost", port=4000)
TypeError: connect() got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'host, port'
```
This second attempt of calling `connect` with `host` and `port` as keyword
arguments presents as a runtime `TypeError` because they were expected as
"positional-only arguments".
In my editor that line also presents with two static typing errors `call-arg:
Unexpected keyword argument "port" for "connect"` (and the equivalent for
`host`).
Note: I did some additional reading just now in [Python in a Nutshell, 4th
Edition](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/python-in-a/9781098113544/) and I
see that it is more appropriate to call them _Named Arguments_ instead of
_Keyword Arguments_.
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# Restart Specific Overmind Process
I have been in the bad habit of fully killing and re-running the entire
[`overmind`](https://github.com/DarthSim/overmind) process for a project
whenever I have a new JavaScript file that I need `vite` to pick up and bundle.
`vite` is only one of three processes, so I'm restarting two processes
unnecessarily.
```bash
overmind status
PROCESS PID STATUS
web 50897 running
vite 50898 running
worker 50899 running
```
Instead, what I can do is specifically target the `vite` process for a
`restart`.
```bash
overmind restart vite
```
This will restart that specific process, ensuring that the new JS files get
picked up and bundled.
I can clearly see that only `vite` was restarted by looking at the `status`
subcommand again.
```bash
overmind status
PROCESS PID STATUS
web 50897 running
vite 84163 running
worker 50899 running
```
Notice the `web` and `worker` processes still have the same PIDs, but `vite` has
a new much higher PID.
See `overmind restart --help` for more details.