Merge 15337dfd71 into 497b0ff3b7

See [here](https://github.blog/changelog/2022-10-11-github-actions-deprecating-save-state-and-set-output-commands/) for more explanations:
> We are monitoring telemetry for the usage of these commands and plan to fully disable them on 31st May 2023. Starting 1st June 2023 workflows using save-state or set-output commands via stdout will fail with an error.

README.md

@@ -10,12 +10,15 @@ pairing with smart people at Hashrocket.
 
 For a steady stream of TILs, [sign up for my newsletter](https://crafty-builder-6996.ck.page/e169c61186).
 
-_1601 TILs and counting..._
+_1608 TILs and counting..._
 
 See some of the other learning resources I work on:
 - [Ruby Operator Lookup](https://www.visualmode.dev/ruby-operators)
 - [Vim Un-Alphabet](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL46-cKSxMYYCMpzXo6p0Cof8hJInYgohU)
 
+If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
+[buying me a coffee](https://buymeacoffee.com/jbranchaud) 💜
+
 ---
 
 ### Categories
@@ -51,6 +54,7 @@ See some of the other learning resources I work on:
 * [Linux](#linux)
 * [LLM](#llm)
 * [Mac](#mac)
+* [Mise](#mise)
 * [MongoDB](#mongodb)
 * [MySQL](#mysql)
 * [Neovim](#neovim)
@@ -323,6 +327,7 @@ See some of the other learning resources I work on:
 - [Exclude A File From A Diff Output](git/exclude-a-file-from-a-diff-output.md)
 - [Excluding Files Locally](git/excluding-files-locally.md)
 - [Extend Git With Custom Commands](git/extend-git-with-custom-commands.md)
+- [Files With Local Changes Cannot Be Removed](git/files-with-local-changes-cannot-be-removed.md)
 - [Find And Remove Files That Match A Name](git/find-and-remove-files-that-match-a-name.md)
 - [Find The Date That A File Was Added To The Repo](git/find-the-date-that-a-file-was-added-to-the-repo.md)
 - [Find The Initial Commit](git/find-the-initial-commit.md)
@@ -683,6 +688,10 @@ See some of the other learning resources I work on:
 - [View All Windows Of The Current App](mac/view-all-windows-of-the-current-app.md)
 - [Write System Clipboard To A File](mac/write-system-clipboard-to-a-file.md)
 
+### Mise
+
+- [List The Files Being Loaded By Mise](mise/list-the-files-being-loaded-by-mise.md)
+
 ### MongoDB
 
 - [Determine The Database Version](mongodb/determine-the-database-version.md)
@@ -953,6 +962,8 @@ See some of the other learning resources I work on:
 
 ### Rails
 
+- [Access Secrets In A Rails 5.2 App](rails/access-secrets-in-a-rails-5-2-app.md)
+- [ActiveRecord Query For This Or That](rails/active-record-query-for-this-or-that.md)
 - [Add A Check Constraint To A Table](rails/add-a-check-constraint-to-a-table.md)
 - [Add A Database Index If It Does Not Already Exist](rails/add-a-database-index-if-it-does-not-already-exist.md)
 - [Add A Foreign Key Reference To A Table](rails/add-a-foreign-key-reference-to-a-table.md)
@@ -961,8 +972,7 @@ See some of the other learning resources I work on:
 - [Add ActiveRecord Error Not Tied To Any Attribute](rails/add-activerecord-error-not-tied-to-any-attribute.md)
 - [Add React With Webpacker To A New Rails App](rails/add-react-with-webpacker-to-a-new-rails-app.md)
 - [Add timestamptz Columns With The Migration DSL](rails/add-timestamptz-columns-with-the-migration-dsl.md)
-- [Access Secrets In A Rails 5.2 App](rails/access-secrets-in-a-rails-5-2-app.md)
-- [ActiveRecord Query For This Or That](rails/active-record-query-for-this-or-that.md)
+- [Adjust The Production Log Level](rails/adjust-the-production-log-level.md)
 - [Advance The Date](rails/advance-the-date.md)
 - [Allow Associations To Be Optional](rails/allow-associations-to-be-optional.md)
 - [Allow List Params Anywhere With Strong Params](rails/allow-list-params-anywhere-with-strong-params.md)
@@ -1070,6 +1080,7 @@ See some of the other learning resources I work on:
 - [Rescue From](rails/rescue-from.md)
 - [Rescue From With A Separate Method](rails/rescue-from-with-a-separate-method.md)
 - [Respond With JSON Regardless of Content Type](rails/respond-with-json-regardless-of-content-type.md)
+- [Restart Puma Server By Touching Restart File](rails/restart-puma-server-by-touching-restart-file.md)
 - [Retrieve An Object If It Exists](rails/retrieve-an-object-if-it-exists.md)
 - [Rollback A Couple Migrations](rails/rollback-a-couple-migrations.md)
 - [Rollback A Specific Migration Out Of Order](rails/rollback-a-specific-migration-out-of-order.md)
@@ -1529,6 +1540,7 @@ See some of the other learning resources I work on:
 - [File Type Info With File](unix/file-type-info-with-file.md)
 - [Find All Files Matching A Name With fd](unix/find-all-files-matching-a-name-with-fd.md)
 - [Find All Files With A Specific Extension With fd](unix/find-all-files-with-a-specific-extension-with-fd.md)
+- [Find All Tool Version Files Containing Postgres](unix/find-all-tool-version-files-containing-postgres.md)
 - [Find Any Dotfiles That Modify Path Env Var](unix/find-any-dotfiles-that-modify-path-env-var.md)
 - [Find A File Installed By Brew](unix/find-a-file-installed-by-brew.md)
 - [Find Duplicate Lines In A File](unix/find-duplicate-lines-in-a-file.md)
@@ -1842,6 +1854,7 @@ See some of the other learning resources I work on:
 - [Convert An ePub Document To PDF On Mac](workflow/convert-an-epub-document-to-pdf-on-mac.md)
 - [Create A Local Sanity Dataset Backup](workflow/create-a-local-sanity-dataset-backup.md)
 - [Create A Public URL For A Local Server](workflow/create-a-public-url-for-a-local-server.md)
+- [Create Todo Items In Logseq](workflow/create-todo-items-in-logseq.md)
 - [Enable Dev Tools For Safari](workflow/enable-dev-tools-for-safari.md)
 - [Forward Stripe Events To Local Server](workflow/forward-stripe-events-to-local-server.md)
 - [Get URL For GitHub User Profile Photo](workflow/get-url-for-github-user-profile-photo.md)
@@ -1892,6 +1905,7 @@ See some of the other learning resources I work on:
 
 - [A Better Way To Reload ZSH Configuration](zsh/a-better-way-to-reload-zsh-configuration.md)
 - [Add To The Path Via Path Array](zsh/add-to-the-path-via-path-array.md)
+- [Create And Jump Into A Directory](zsh/create-and-jump-into-a-directory.md)
 - [Link A Scalar To An Array](zsh/link-a-scalar-to-an-array.md)
 - [Use A Space To Exclude Command From History](zsh/use-a-space-to-exclude-command-from-history.md)
 

git/files-with-local-changes-cannot-be-removed.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Files With Local Changes Cannot Be Removed
+
+This is a nice quality-of-life feature in `git` that should help you avoid
+accidentally discarding changes that won't be retrievable.
+
+```bash
+❯ git rm .tool-versions
+error: the following file has local modifications:
+    .tool-versions
+(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)
+```
+
+My `.tool-versions` file has some local changes. I don't realize that and I go
+to issue a `git rm` command on that file. Instead of quietly wiping out my
+changes, `git` lets me know I'm doing something destructive (these local
+changes won't be in the diff or the reflog).
+
+I can force the removal if I know what I'm doing with the `-f` flag. Or I can
+take the two step approach of calling `git restore` on that file and then `git
+rm`.
+
+The `--cached` flag is also interesting because it doesn't actually delete the
+file from my file system, but it does stage the file deletion with `git`. That
+means the file now shows up as one of my untracked files.
+
+See `man git-rm` for more details.

github-actions/capture-an-output-value-for-use-in-a-later-step.md

@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ version from my `.tool-versions` file with a step that uses `set-output`.
   - name: Read Node.js version to install from `.tool-versions`
     id: nodejs
     run: >-
-      echo "::set-output name=NODE_VERSION::$(
+      echo "NODE_VERSION=$(
         cat .tool-versions |
         grep nodejs |
         sed 's/nodejs \(.*\)$/\1/'
-      )"
+      )" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 ```
 
 `echo` runs the command in the string which sets `NODE_VERSION` as an output
@@ -45,4 +45,4 @@ This output value can be referenced in a later step.
 `steps` has a reference to the `nodejs` step (note the `id` above) which then
 has `outputs` like the `NODE_VERSION`.
 
-[source](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/reference/workflow-commands-for-github-actions#using-workflow-commands-to-access-toolkit-functions)
+[source](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-commands-for-github-actions#setting-an-output-parameter)

mise/list-the-files-being-loaded-by-mise.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# List The Files Being Loaded By Mise
+
+While running `mise` for the first time, after adding a `mise.toml` file to a
+project, I noticed something strange. Instead of invoking the command I had
+specified (`mise run dev`), several parellel tool downloads were kicked off. In
+addition to Ruby, it was installing an older version of Postgres, and lua. What
+gives?
+
+By running `mise cfg`, I can list all the files being loaded by `mise` and get
+to the bottom of this.
+
+```bash
+mise cfg
+
+Path                         Tools
+~/.tool-versions             node, ruby, postgres, lua
+~/code/still/.ruby-version   ruby
+~/code/still/Gemfile         (none)
+~/code/still/.tool-versions  ruby
+~/code/still/mise.toml       (none)
+```
+
+I was only thinking about the files local to my project and I forgot that I
+have a system-wide `.tool-versions` file. As we can see from the output, that
+file specifies `postgres` and `lua` as well. Mise wanted to ensure that it had
+downloaded the specified versions of each of those tools before running my
+task.
+
+[source](https://mise.jdx.dev/configuration.html)

rails/adjust-the-production-log-level.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Adjust The Production Log Level
+
+A Rails app by default takes on the `debug` log level. This is great for
+development because it spits out a lot of information as you build and debug.
+
+That's going to typically be a bit too noisy for a production environment
+though. That is why Rails ships with the `config/environments/production.rb`
+file configured to the `info` log level.
+
+```ruby
+# config/environments/production.rb
+Rails.application.configure do
+
+  # ...
+
+  # "info" includes generic and useful information about system operation, but avoids logging too much
+  # information to avoid inadvertent exposure of personally identifiable information (PII). If you
+  # want to log everything, set the level to "debug".
+  config.log_level = ENV.fetch("RAILS_LOG_LEVEL", "info")
+
+  # ...
+end
+```
+
+Sometimes, like when we're trying to track down some buggy behavior, we may
+want to switch Rails from one log level to another. That's why it is configured
+by the `RAILS_LOG_LEVEL` env var and otherwise falls back to `info`.
+
+To, for example, switch production over to the `debug` log level, we'd first
+change the `RAILS_LOG_LEVEL` env var to `debug`. Then we'd need to make sure
+our Rails app is restarted so that the config change is picked up. Heroku's
+`heroku config:set` will do that automatically. Depending on your setup, you
+may need to manually restart your web server (e.g. Puma).

rails/restart-puma-server-by-touching-restart-file.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Restart Puma Server By Touching Restart File
+
+Puma includes a plugin that allows us to restart the web server by touching the
+`tmp/restart.txt` file.
+
+In one terminal pane I have my Rails server running. In another terminal pane
+from the Rails directory, where there exists a `tmp` folder, I run the
+following command.
+
+```bash
+$ touch tmp/restart.txt
+```
+
+Then in the pane running the Rails server, I see the following after a second:
+
+```
+* Restarting...
+=> Booting Puma
+=> Rails 8.0.1 application starting in development
+...
+```
+
+What is happening is that `touch` updates the modified time of that file, which
+already exists in the `temp` directory. When the plugin notices (it checks
+every 2 seconds) that the modified time is now fresher than the original
+modified time when the plugin started, then it calls `launcher.restart`.
+
+[source](https://github.com/puma/puma/blob/ca201ef69757f8830b636251b0af7a51270eb68a/lib/puma/plugin/tmp_restart.rb)

unix/find-all-tool-version-files-containing-postgres.md

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Find All Tool Version Files Containing Postgres
+
+I've been using [`asdf`](https://asdf-vm.com/) for many years now which means I
+have projects and directories all over my machine with `.tool-versions` files.
+Many of them specify Ruby and Node versions. Some of them also include
+PostgreSQL versions. I used to use `asdf` to manage Postgres versions, but no
+longer do that for new or active projects.
+
+I want to find all the places that a `.tool-versions` file declares `postgres`
+as a tool. That way I can begin to clean up the left behind artifacts of
+asdf-managed Postgres.
+
+By combining [`fd`](https://github.com/sharkdp/fd) (a better `find`) and
+[`rg`](https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep) (a better `grep`), I'm able to
+quickly track down the list of places.
+
+```bash
+$ fd --hidden .tool-versions ~/ | xargs rg postgres
+
+/Users/jbranchaud/.local/state/nvim/undo/%Users%jbranchaud%.tool-versions: binary file matches (found "\0" byte around offset 9)
+
+/Users/jbranchaud/code/fake-data/.tool-versions
+2:postgres 13.1
+
+/Users/jbranchaud/code/thirty_days/thirty_days_server/.tool-versions
+1:postgres 13.1
+
+/Users/jbranchaud/code/visualmode/.tool-versions
+1:postgres 11.11
+```
+
+That first instance is a binary file as part of `nvim`'s undo history which I
+can ignore. The other three are good results.
+
+I tell the `fd` command to not exclude hidden files as it looks for all
+occurrences of `.tool-versions` recursively from my home (`~/`) directory. I
+then pipe that list of files to `xargs` which makes those filenames arguments
+to the `rg postgres` command.

workflow/create-todo-items-in-logseq.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Create Todo Items In Logseq
+
+Having used GitHub flavored markdown and tools like Roam Research and Obsidian,
+I'm used to being able to add interactive todo items to a document with square
+brackets, like so:
+
+```
+- [ ] Do this
+- [ ] Do that
+```
+
+This exact syntax doesn't work in Logseq, but I've figured out two ways of
+adding todo items.
+
+First, you can access the todo syntax with a forward slash command. Type `/`
+and then start typing `TODO`. It will show up as a top result. Hit enter and
+you'll have a fresh todo item that you can add a description to.
+
+Second, as the above hints at, we can get right to the todo syntax by typing
+one of `TODO`, `NOW`, or `LATER` in all caps followed by a description. For
+example:
+
+```
+TODO Send out invoices
+NOW Reply to those emails
+LATER Schedule that meeting
+```
+
+These will render as checkable boxes marked as either `TODO`, `NOW`, or
+`LATER`, until they are checked off.
+
+You can also search for blocks that match one of these three categories.

zsh/create-and-jump-into-a-directory.md

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# Create And Jump Into A Directory
+
+[Oh My Zsh](https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh) defines a function `take` that
+we can use to both create and `cd` into a directory. If the directory already
+exists, it will simply `cd` into that directory.
+
+```bash
+~/code
+❯ take take-demo
+
+~/code/take-demo
+❯ mkdir already-exists
+
+~/code/take-demo
+❯ take already-exists
+
+~/code/take-demo/already-exists
+❯ cd ..
+
+~/code/take-demo
+❯ take one/two/three
+
+~/code/take-demo/one/two/three
+❯
+```
+
+First `take` creates and `cd`s into `take-demo`. Then `take` only `cd`s into
+`already-exists`. Then we see that `take` can create multiple levels of nested
+directories.
+
+With the help of `which` we can see how `take` is defined:
+
+```bash
+$ which take
+take () {
+        if [[ $1 =~ ^(https?|ftp).*\.tar\.(gz|bz2|xz)$ ]]
+        then
+                takeurl "$1"
+        elif [[ $1 =~ ^([A-Za-z0-9]\+@|https?|git|ssh|ftps?|rsync).*\.git/?$ ]]
+        then
+                takegit "$1"
+        else
+                takedir "$@"
+        fi
+}
+```
+
+We're not dealing with compressed files or git URLs, so we fall through to the
+`else` block with invokes `takedir`.
+
+```bash
+$ which takedir
+takedir () {
+        mkdir -p $@ && cd ${@:$#}
+}
+```
+
+The `mkdir -p $@` is what allows it make new, nested directories and then we
+`cd` to it. The `${@:$#}` is a way of [grabbing the last argument to the
+function](https://stackoverflow.com/a/37601842/535590). This suggests that you
+can pass multiple things to `take`, it will create all of them, and then `cd`
+you into the last one.
+
+[source](https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/blob/master/lib/functions.zsh#L75-L85)