Merge bc767a0ad3 into a07a19e6d9

README.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ pairing with smart people at Hashrocket.
 
 For a steady stream of TILs, [sign up for my newsletter](https://crafty-builder-6996.ck.page/e169c61186).
 
-_1440 TILs and counting..._
+_1447 TILs and counting..._
 
 ---
 
@@ -376,6 +376,7 @@ _1440 TILs and counting..._
 
 - [Access Go Docs Offline](go/access-go-docs-offline.md)
 - [Build For A Specific OS And Architecture](go/build-for-a-specific-os-and-architecture.md)
+- [Find Executables Installed By Go](go/find-executables-installed-by-go.md)
 - [Not So Random](go/not-so-random.md)
 - [Replace The Current Process With An External Command](go/replace-the-current-process-with-an-external-command.md)
 - [Sleep For A Duration](go/sleep-for-a-duration.md)
@@ -390,6 +391,7 @@ _1440 TILs and counting..._
 
 ### Heroku
 
+- [Connect To A Database By Color](heroku/connect-to-a-database-by-color.md)
 - [Deploy A Review App To A Different Stack](heroku/deploy-a-review-app-to-a-different-stack.md)
 - [Diagnose Problems In A Heroku Postgres Database](heroku/diagnose-problems-in-a-heroku-postgres-database.md)
 - [Open Dashboard For Specific Add-On](heroku/open-dashboard-for-specific-add-on.md)
@@ -571,6 +573,7 @@ _1440 TILs and counting..._
 - [Access All Screen And Video Capture Options](mac/access-all-screen-and-video-capture-options.md)
 - [Access System Information On OS X](mac/access-system-information-on-osx.md)
 - [Access Unsupported Screen Resolutions With RDM](mac/access-unsupported-screen-resolutions-with-rdm.md)
+- [Check Network Quality Stats From The Command Line](mac/check-network-quality-stats-from-the-command-line.md)
 - [Clean Up Old Homebrew Files](mac/clean-up-old-homebrew-files.md)
 - [Convert An HEIC Image File To JPG](mac/convert-an-heic-image-file-to-jpg.md)
 - [Default Screenshot Location](mac/default-screenshot-location.md)
@@ -733,6 +736,7 @@ _1440 TILs and counting..._
 - [Fizzbuzz With Common Table Expressions](postgres/fizzbuzz-with-common-table-expressions.md)
 - [Force SSL When Making A psql Connection](postgres/force-ssl-when-making-a-psql-connection.md)
 - [Generate A UUID](postgres/generate-a-uuid.md)
+- [Generate Modern Primary Key Columns](postgres/generate-modern-primary-key-columns.md)
 - [Generate Random UUIDs Without An Extension](postgres/generate-random-uuids-without-an-extension.md)
 - [Generate Series Of Numbers](postgres/generate-series-of-numbers.md)
 - [Generating UUIDs With pgcrypto](postgres/generating-uuids-with-pgcrypto.md)
@@ -897,6 +901,7 @@ _1440 TILs and counting..._
 - [Find Or Create A Record With FactoryBot](rails/find-or-create-a-record-with-factory-bot.md)
 - [Find Records With Multiple Associated Records](rails/find-records-with-multiple-associated-records.md)
 - [Force All Users To Sign Out](rails/force-all-users-to-sign-out.md)
+- [Generate A Model](rails/generate-a-model.md)
 - [Generate A Rails App From The Main Branch](rails/generate-a-rails-app-from-the-main-branch.md)
 - [Generating And Executing SQL](rails/generating-and-executing-sql.md)
 - [Get A Quick Approximate Count Of A Large Table](rails/get-a-quick-approximate-count-of-a-large-table.md)
@@ -1222,6 +1227,7 @@ _1440 TILs and counting..._
 - [Silence The Output Of A Ruby Statement In Pry](ruby/silence-the-output-of-a-ruby-statement-in-pry.md)
 - [Single And Double Quoted String Notation](ruby/single-and-double-quoted-string-notation.md)
 - [Skip Specific CVEs When Auditing Your Bundle](ruby/skip-specific-cves-when-auditing-your-bundle.md)
+- [Skip The Front Of An Array With Drop](ruby/skip-the-front-of-an-array-with-drop.md)
 - [Specify Dependencies For A Rake Task](ruby/specify-dependencies-for-a-rake-task.md)
 - [Specify How Random Array#sample Is](ruby/specify-how-random-array-sample-is.md)
 - [Split A Float Into Its Integer And Decimal](ruby/split-a-float-into-its-integer-and-decimal.md)
@@ -1356,6 +1362,7 @@ _1440 TILs and counting..._
 - [Command Line Length Limitations](unix/command-line-length-limitations.md)
 - [Compare Two Variables In A Bash Script](unix/compare-two-variables-in-a-bash-script.md)
 - [Configure cd To Behave Like pushd In Zsh](unix/configure-cd-to-behave-like-pushd-in-zsh.md)
+- [Convert SVG To Favicon](unix/convert-svg-to-favicon.md)
 - [Copying File Contents To System Paste Buffer](unix/copying-file-contents-to-system-paste-buffer.md)
 - [Copying Nested Directories With Ditto](unix/copying-nested-directories-with-ditto.md)
 - [Count The Lines In A CSV Where A Column Is Empty](unix/count-the-lines-in-a-csv-where-a-column-is-empty.md)

go/find-executables-installed-by-go.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Find Executables Installed By Go
+
+When you install an executable using `go install`, it puts that executable in
+the `bin` directory designated by the `GOBIN` environment variable. If that env
+var isn't set, then it falls back to one of `$GOPATH/bin` or `$HOME/go/bin`.
+
+When I run `go help install`, it tells me as much:
+
+```
+Executables are installed in the directory named by the GOBIN environment
+variable, which defaults to $GOPATH/bin or $HOME/go/bin if the GOPATH
+environment variable is not set.
+```
+
+So, if I am to install something like [`tern`](https://github.com/jackc/tern),
+
+```bash
+$ go install github.com/jackc/tern/v2@latest
+```
+
+it is going to place that binary in `~/go/bin` for me.
+
+```bash
+$ which tern
+/Users/jbranchaud/go/bin/tern
+```

heroku/connect-to-a-database-by-color.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Connect To A Database By Color
+
+All of your PostgreSQL databases in Heroku are given attachment names that use
+a random color. This might be _pink_, _brown_, _cobalt_, etc. And the
+attachment names then look like `HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_PINK`,
+`HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_BROWN`, `HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_COBALT`, etc.
+
+We can connect to a Heroku-managed PostgreSQL instance from the command-line
+like so:
+
+```bash
+$ heroku pg:psql --app my-app
+```
+
+This is going to connect to the _default_ database which is the one with the
+`DATABASE_URL` attachment.
+
+There are lots of instances where we may have other databases besides the
+primary (e.g. let's say we have a read replica follower). If we want to connect
+to that one, we can do so by _color_.
+
+If that database's attachment is `HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_IVORY`, then we'd connect
+to it like so:
+
+```bash
+$ heroku pg:psql ivory --app my-app
+```
+
+[source](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/managing-heroku-postgres-using-cli#pg-psql)

mac/check-network-quality-stats-from-the-command-line.md

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Check Network Quality Stats From The Command Line
+
+MacOS comes with a little known CLI utility for checking your current network
+quality statistics. It is aptly named `networkQuality`.
+
+Here is what a basic run of the tool might output:
+
+```bash
+$ networkQuality
+
+...
+Downlink: capacity 281.430 Mbps, responsiveness 101 RPM - Uplink: capacity 16.629 Mbps, responsiveness 101 R
+Downlink: capacity 285.534 Mbps, responsiveness 101 RPM - Uplink: capacity 16.028 Mbps, responsiveness 101 R
+==== SUMMARY ====
+Uplink capacity: 22.982 Mbps
+Downlink capacity: 288.152 Mbps
+Responsiveness: Low (93 RPM)
+Idle Latency: 26.375 milliseconds
+```
+
+You can get an even more detailed summary with the `-v` option:
+
+```bash
+$ networkQuality -v
+
+...
+==== SUMMARY ====
+Uplink capacity: 18.257 Mbps (Accuracy: High)
+Downlink capacity: 469.355 Mbps (Accuracy: High)
+Responsiveness: Medium (252 RPM) (Accuracy: High)
+Idle Latency: 25.583 milliseconds (Accuracy: High)
+Interface: en0
+Uplink bytes transferred: 19.750 MB
+Downlink bytes transferred: 488.265 MB
+Uplink Flow count: 8
+Downlink Flow count: 12
+Start: 9/24/24, 11:06:20 AM
+End: 9/24/24, 11:06:30 AM
+OS Version: Version 13.5.2 (Build 22G91)
+```
+
+See `man networkQuality` for more details.
+
+[source](https://cyberhost.uk/the-hidden-macos-speedtest-tool-networkquality/)

postgres/generate-modern-primary-key-columns.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Generate Modern Primary Key Columns
+
+Chances are if you have looked at some examples, blog posts, or real-world
+instances of a `create table` statement, it defined the primary key with
+`serial` (or `bigserial`).
+
+```sql
+create table books (
+  id serial primary key,
+  title text not null,
+  author text not null,
+  created_at timestamptz not null default now(),
+  updated_at timestamptz not null default now()
+);
+```
+
+The `serial` syntax is everywhere, but for quite a while now it has not been
+the recommended way to define a primary key column for the `int` or `bigint`
+data types.
+
+The ["Don't Do This" page of the PostgreSQL
+wiki](https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Don%27t_Do_This#Don.27t_use_serial) says
+"Don't use serial".
+
+> For new applications, identity columns should be used instead. The serial
+> types have some weird behaviors that make schema, dependency, and permission
+> management unnecessarily cumbersome.
+
+The modern way to define a primary key column for `int` or `bigint` is with a
+generated identity column.
+
+```sql
+create table books (
+  id int primary key generated always as identity,
+  title text not null,
+  author text not null,
+  created_at timestamptz not null default now(),
+  updated_at timestamptz not null default now()
+);
+```
+
+Check out the PostgreSQL docs for more about [identity
+columns](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/17/ddl-identity-columns.html).

rails/generate-a-model.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Generate A Model
+
+The `rails` CLI comes with a variety of generators. Perhaps the mostly common
+one to use is the _model_ generator.
+
+The model generator will create a migration and a model file for the entity
+that you name. In the following example `Book` will result in a
+`app/models/book.rb` file as well as a migration file for a `books` table.
+These generators know the singular and plural conventions.
+
+At the end of the command is a series of field definitions containing the field
+_name_ and field _type_. These are used in the migration file for defining
+columns on the new table.
+
+```bash
+❯ bin/rails generate model Book title:string publication_date:date author:string
+      invoke  active_record
+      create    db/migrate/20240920223447_create_books.rb
+      create    app/models/book.rb
+      invoke    rspec
+      create      spec/models/book_spec.rb
+```
+
+You may also notice that an `rspec` action was invoked as part of this
+generator. That is because I have the `rspec-rails` gem in my project. That gem
+hooks into the model generator so that a model spec also gets generated. Handy!

ruby/skip-the-front-of-an-array-with-drop.md

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Skip The Front Of An Array With Drop
+
+I've long been familiar with Ruby's
+[`Array#take`](https://apidock.com/ruby/Array/take) which is a handy way to
+grab the first few elements of an array.
+
+```ruby
+> [:a, :b, :c, :d, :e, :f, :g].take(4)
+=> [:a, :b, :c, :d]
+```
+
+But what if I want to skip those first four elements of the array and get what
+remains. That is where [`Array#drop`](https://apidock.com/ruby/Array/drop)
+comes in.
+
+```ruby
+> [:a, :b, :c, :d, :e, :f, :g].drop(4)
+=> [:e, :f, :g]
+```
+
+How about a couple practical situations for use in a Rails app.
+
+Here I want to segment out the first 6 books and whatever remains:
+
+```
+def index
+  @books = Book.order(created_at: :desc).limit(10)
+
+  @featured_books = @books.take(6)
+  @remaining_books = @books.drop(6)
+end
+```
+
+Or, what about cleaning up all but the first of these duplicate records:
+
+```
+Book
+  .where(title: "The Murder of Roger Ackroyd")
+  .drop(1)
+  .each { |duplicate_book| duplicate_book.destroy }
+```
+
+The first record is ignored (dropped from the array) and the following records
+are processed by the `#each` where they get destroyed.

unix/convert-svg-to-favicon.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Convert SVG To Favicon
+
+The imagemagick `convert` CLI tool can convert an SVG file into a transparent
+favicon (ICO) file with the different standard sizes.
+
+Assuming the background that we want to make transparent is white, then include
+`-transparent white` and then to resize the icon include `-define
+icon:auto-resize ...`. Point to the `image.svg` to be converted and specify the
+name of the output file (`favicon.ico`).
+
+```bash
+$ convert image.svg -transparent white -define icon:auto-resize=16,32,48,64,128 favicon.ico
+```
+
+We can then use the `identify` CLI to inspect the `favicon.ico` file to see
+that the above worked.
+
+```bash
+$ identify favicon.ico
+
+favicon.ico[0] ICO 16x16 16x16+0+0 8-bit sRGB 0.000u 0:00.002
+favicon.ico[1] ICO 32x32 32x32+0+0 8-bit sRGB 0.000u 0:00.004
+favicon.ico[2] ICO 48x48 48x48+0+0 8-bit sRGB 0.000u 0:00.004
+favicon.ico[3] ICO 64x64 64x64+0+0 8-bit sRGB 0.000u 0:00.004
+favicon.ico[4] ICO 128x128 128x128+0+0 8-bit sRGB 99678B 0.000u 0:00.003
+```
+
+[source](https://www.joshmcarthur.com/2024/06/19/Auto-resizing-images-for-.ico-files.html)

workflow/convert-an-epub-document-to-pdf-on-mac.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ convert it using the `ebook-convert` binary from `Calibre`.
 First, install `Calibre`:
 
 ```bash
-$ brew cask install calibre
+$ brew install --cask calibre
 ```
 
 Then convert your ePub using `ebook-convert`: