Merge bc767a0ad3 into c16d80fd94

README.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ pairing with smart people at Hashrocket.
 
 For a steady stream of TILs, [sign up for my newsletter](https://crafty-builder-6996.ck.page/e169c61186).
 
-_1455 TILs and counting..._
+_1488 TILs and counting..._
 
 ---
 
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 * [Ack](#ack)
 * [Amplify](#amplify)
 * [Ansible](#ansible)
+* [Astro](#astro)
 * [Brew](#brew)
 * [Chrome](#chrome)
 * [Clojure](#clojure)
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 * [Deno](#deno)
 * [Devops](#devops)
 * [Docker](#docker)
+* [Drizzle](#drizzle)
 * [Elixir](#elixir)
 * [Gatsby](#gatsby)
 * [Git](#git)
@@ -98,9 +100,15 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 
 - [Loop Over A List Of Dictionaries](ansible/loop-over-a-list-of-dictionaries.md)
 
+### Astro
+
+- [Generate Types For A Content Collection](astro/generate-types-for-a-content-collection.md)
+- [Markdown Files Are Of Type MarkdownInstance](astro/markdown-files-are-of-type-markdown-instance.md)
+
 ### Brew
 
 - [Configure Brew Environment Variables](brew/configure-brew-environment-variables.md)
+- [Export List Of Everything Installed By Brew](brew/export-list-of-everything-installed-by-brew.md)
 - [List All Services Managed By Brew](brew/list-all-services-managed-by-brew.md)
 
 ### Chrome
@@ -201,6 +209,11 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [List Running Docker Containers](docker/list-running-docker-containers.md)
 - [Run A Basic PostgreSQL Server In Docker](docker/run-a-basic-postgresql-server-in-docker.md)
 
+### Drizzle
+
+- [Create bigint Identity Column For Primary Key](drizzle/create-bigint-identity-column-for-primary-key.md)
+- [Get Fields For Inserted Row](drizzle/get-fields-for-inserted-row.md)
+
 ### Elixir
 
 - [All Values For A Key In A Keyword List](elixir/all-values-for-a-key-in-a-keyword-list.md)
@@ -269,6 +282,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [Auto-Squash Those Fixup Commits](git/auto-squash-those-fixup-commits.md)
 - [Caching Credentials](git/caching-credentials.md)
 - [Change The Start Point Of A Branch](git/change-the-start-point-of-a-branch.md)
+- [Check How A File Is Being Ignored](git/check-how-a-file-is-being-ignored.md)
 - [Checking Commit Ancestry](git/checking-commit-ancestry.md)
 - [Checkout Old Version Of A File](git/checkout-old-version-of-a-file.md)
 - [Checkout Previous Branch](git/checkout-previous-branch.md)
@@ -318,6 +332,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [List Untracked Files](git/list-untracked-files.md)
 - [List Untracked Files For Scripting](git/list-untracked-files-for-scripting.md)
 - [Move The Latest Commit To A New Branch](git/move-the-latest-commit-to-a-new-branch.md)
+- [Override The Global Git Ignore File](git/override-the-global-git-ignore-file.md)
 - [Pick Specific Changes To Stash](git/pick-specific-changes-to-stash.md)
 - [Pulling In Changes During An Interactive Rebase](git/pulling-in-changes-during-an-interactive-rebase.md)
 - [Push To A Branch On Another Remote](git/push-to-a-branch-on-another-remote.md)
@@ -424,8 +439,10 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 ### Internet
 
 - [Add Emoji To GitHub Repository Description](internet/add-emoji-to-github-repository-description.md)
+- [Analyze Your Website Performance](internet/analyze-your-website-performance.md)
 - [Check Your Public IP Address](internet/check-your-public-ip-address.md)
 - [Enable Keyboard Shortcuts In Gmail](internet/enable-keyboard-shortcuts-in-gmail.md)
+- [Exclude AI Overview From Google Search](internet/exclude-ai-overview-from-google-search.md)
 - [Exclude Whitespace Changes From GitHub Diffs](internet/exclude-whitespace-changes-from-github-diffs.md)
 - [Figure Out Your Public IP Address](internet/figure-out-your-public-ip-address.md)
 - [Focus The URL Bar](internet/focus-the-url-bar.md)
@@ -435,6 +452,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 
 ### Java
 
+- [Ensure Resources Always Get Closed](java/ensure-resources-always-get-closed.md)
 - [Install Java On Mac With Brew](java/install-java-on-mac-with-brew.md)
 - [Run A Hello World Program In Eclipse](java/run-a-hello-world-program-in-eclipse.md)
 
@@ -448,6 +466,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [Check If A Number Is Positive Or Negative](javascript/check-if-a-number-is-positive-or-negative.md)
 - [Check If File Exists Before Reading It](javascript/check-if-file-exists-before-reading-it.md)
 - [Check If Something Is An Array](javascript/check-if-something-is-an-array.md)
+- [Check Media Queries From JavaScript](javascript/check-media-queries-from-javascript.md)
 - [Check The Password Confirmation With Yup](javascript/check-the-password-confirmation-with-yup.md)
 - [Compare The Equality Of Two Date Objects](javascript/compare-the-equality-of-two-date-objects.md)
 - [Computed Property Names In ES6](javascript/computed-property-names-in-es6.md)
@@ -493,6 +512,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [List Top-Level NPM Dependencies](javascript/list-top-level-npm-dependencies.md)
 - [Load And Use Env Var In Node Script](javascript/load-and-use-env-var-in-node-script.md)
 - [Make The Browser Editable With Design Mode](javascript/make-the-browser-editable-with-design-mode.md)
+- [Make Truly Deep Clone With Structured Clone](javascript/make-truly-deep-clone-with-structured-clone.md)
 - [Matching A Computed Property In Function Args](javascript/matching-a-computed-property-in-function-args.md)
 - [Matching Multiple Values In A Switch Statement](javascript/matching-multiple-values-in-a-switch-statement.md)
 - [Mock A Function With Return Values Using Jest](javascript/mock-a-function-with-return-values-using-jest.md)
@@ -590,6 +610,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [Find The Process Using A Specific Port](mac/find-the-process-using-a-specific-port.md)
 - [Gesture For Viewing All Windows Of Current App](mac/gesture-for-viewing-all-windows-of-current-app.md)
 - [Insert A Non-Breaking Space Character](mac/insert-a-non-breaking-space-character.md)
+- [Keyboard Shortcuts For Interesting With Text Areas](mac/keyboard-shortcuts-for-interacting-with-text-areas.md)
 - [List All The Say Voices](mac/list-all-the-say-voices.md)
 - [Open Finder.app To Specific Directory](mac/open-finder-app-to-specific-directory.md)
 - [Quickly Type En Dashes And Em Dashes](mac/quickly-type-en-dashes-and-em-dashes.md)
@@ -683,6 +704,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [A Better Null Display Character](postgres/a-better-null-display-character.md)
 - [Add Foreign Key Constraint Without A Full Lock](postgres/add-foreign-key-constraint-without-a-full-lock.md)
 - [Add ON DELETE CASCADE To Foreign Key Constraint](postgres/add-on-delete-cascade-to-foreign-key-constraint.md)
+- [Add Unique Constraint Using Existing Index](postgres/add-unique-constraint-using-existing-index.md)
 - [Adding Composite Uniqueness Constraints](postgres/adding-composite-uniqueness-constraints.md)
 - [Aggregate A Column Into An Array](postgres/aggregate-a-column-into-an-array.md)
 - [Assumed Radius Of The Earth](postgres/assumed-radius-of-the-earth.md)
@@ -702,6 +724,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [Compute Hashes With pgcrypto](postgres/compute-hashes-with-pgcrypto.md)
 - [Compute The Levenshtein Distance Of Two Strings](postgres/compute-the-levenshtein-distance-of-two-strings.md)
 - [Compute The md5 Hash Of A String](postgres/compute-the-md5-hash-of-a-string.md)
+- [Concatenate Strings With A Separator](postgres/concatenate-strings-with-a-separator.md)
 - [Configure The Timezone](postgres/configure-the-timezone.md)
 - [Constructing A Range Of Dates](postgres/constructing-a-range-of-dates.md)
 - [Convert A String To A Timestamp](postgres/convert-a-string-to-a-timestamp.md)
@@ -732,6 +755,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [Duplicate A Local Database](postgres/duplicate-a-local-database.md)
 - [Edit Existing Functions](postgres/edit-existing-functions.md)
 - [Enable Logging Of Database Activity](postgres/enable-logging-of-database-activity.md)
+- [Enforce Uniqueness On Column Expression](postgres/enforce-uniqueness-on-column-expression.md)
 - [Escaping A Quote In A String](postgres/escaping-a-quote-in-a-string.md)
 - [Escaping String Literals With Dollar Quoting](postgres/escaping-string-literals-with-dollar-quoting.md)
 - [Export Query Results To A CSV](postgres/export-query-results-to-a-csv.md)
@@ -784,11 +808,13 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [Max Identifier Length Is 63 Bytes](postgres/max-identifier-length-is-63-bytes.md)
 - [Open Heroku Database In Postico From Terminal](postgres/open-heroku-database-in-postico-from-terminal.md)
 - [pg Prefix Is Reserved For System Schemas](postgres/pg-prefix-is-reserved-for-system-schemas.md)
+- [Postgres Does Not Support Unsigned Integers](postgres/postgres-does-not-support-unsigned-integers.md)
 - [Prepare, Execute, And Deallocate Statements](postgres/prepare-execute-and-deallocate-statements.md)
 - [Pretty Print Data Sizes](postgres/pretty-print-data-sizes.md)
 - [Pretty Printing JSONB Rows](postgres/pretty-printing-jsonb-rows.md)
 - [Prevent A Query From Running Too Long](postgres/prevent-a-query-from-running-too-long.md)
 - [Print The Query Buffer In psql](postgres/print-the-query-buffer-in-psql.md)
+- [Put Unique Constraint On Generated Column](postgres/put-unique-constraint-on-generated-column.md)
 - [Remove Not Null Constraint From A Column](postgres/remove-not-null-constraint-from-a-column.md)
 - [Renaming A Sequence](postgres/renaming-a-sequence.md)
 - [Renaming A Table](postgres/renaming-a-table.md)
@@ -899,6 +925,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [Custom Validation Message](rails/custom-validation-message.md)
 - [Customize Paths And Helpers For Devise Routes](rails/customize-paths-and-helpers-for-devise-routes.md)
 - [Customize The Path Of A Resource Route](rails/customize-the-path-of-a-resource-route.md)
+- [Define The Root Path For The App](rails/define-the-root-path-for-the-app.md)
 - [Delete Paranoid Records](rails/delete-paranoid-records.md)
 - [Demodulize A Class Name](rails/demodulize-a-class-name.md)
 - [Different Ways To Add A Foreign Key Reference](rails/different-ways-to-add-a-foreign-key-reference.md)
@@ -964,6 +991,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [Rescue From With A Separate Method](rails/rescue-from-with-a-separate-method.md)
 - [Respond With JSON Regardless of Content Type](rails/respond-with-json-regardless-of-content-type.md)
 - [Retrieve An Object If It Exists](rails/retrieve-an-object-if-it-exists.md)
+- [Rollback A Couple Migrations](rails/rollback-a-couple-migrations.md)
 - [Rollback A Specific Migration Out Of Order](rails/rollback-a-specific-migration-out-of-order.md)
 - [Rounding Numbers With Precision](rails/rounding-numbers-with-precision.md)
 - [Run A Rake Task Programmatically](rails/run-a-rake-task-programmatically.md)
@@ -976,6 +1004,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [Select Value For SQL Counts](rails/select-value-for-sql-counts.md)
 - [Serialize With fast_jsonapi In A Rails App](rails/serialize-with-fast-jsonapi-in-a-rails-app.md)
 - [Set A Timestamp Field To The Current Time](rails/set-a-timestamp-field-to-the-current-time.md)
+- [Set DateTime To Include Time Zone In Migrations](rails/set-datetime-to-include-time-zone-in-migrations.md)
 - [Set default_url_options For Entire Application](rails/set-default-url-options-for-entire-application.md)
 - [Set Schema Search Path](rails/set-schema-search-path.md)
 - [Set Statement Timeout For All Postgres Connections](rails/set-statement-timeout-for-all-postgres-connections.md)
@@ -986,6 +1015,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [Skip Validations When Creating A Record](rails/skip-validations-when-creating-a-record.md)
 - [Specify New Attributes For #find_or_create_by](rails/specify-new-attributes-for-find-or-create-by.md)
 - [Temporarily Disable strong_params](rails/temporarily-disable-strong-params.md)
+- [Temporarily Turn Off Pending Migrations Error](rails/temporarily-turn-off-pending-migrations-error.md)
 - [Test For A Subset Of Attributes On A Model](rails/test-for-a-subset-of-attributes-on-a-model.md)
 - [Test If An Instance Variable Was Assigned](rails/test-if-an-instance-variable-was-assigned.md)
 - [Test If deliver_later Is Called For A Mailer](rails/test-if-deliver-later-is-called-for-a-mailer.md)
@@ -1212,6 +1242,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [Pattern Match Values From A Hash](ruby/pattern-match-values-from-a-hash.md)
 - [Percent Notation](ruby/percent-notation.md)
 - [Precedence Of Logical Operators](ruby/precedence-of-logical-operators.md)
+- [Prevent erb_lint From Removing Opening Tags](ruby/prevent-erb-lint-from-removing-opening-tags.md)
 - [Print Data To Formatted Table](ruby/print-data-to-formatted-table.md)
 - [Question Mark Operator](ruby/question-mark-operator.md)
 - [Rake Only Lists Tasks With Descriptions](ruby/rake-only-lists-tasks-with-descriptions.md)
@@ -1371,6 +1402,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [Command Line Length Limitations](unix/command-line-length-limitations.md)
 - [Compare Two Variables In A Bash Script](unix/compare-two-variables-in-a-bash-script.md)
 - [Configure cd To Behave Like pushd In Zsh](unix/configure-cd-to-behave-like-pushd-in-zsh.md)
+- [Convert JPEG To PNG With ffmpeg](unix/convert-jpeg-to-png-with-ffmpeg.md)
 - [Convert SVG To Favicon](unix/convert-svg-to-favicon.md)
 - [Copying File Contents To System Paste Buffer](unix/copying-file-contents-to-system-paste-buffer.md)
 - [Copying Nested Directories With Ditto](unix/copying-nested-directories-with-ditto.md)
@@ -1441,6 +1473,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [List The Stack Of Remembered Directories](unix/list-the-stack-of-remembered-directories.md)
 - [Load Env Vars In Bash Script](unix/load-env-vars-in-bash-script.md)
 - [Look Through All Files That Have Been Git Stashed](unix/look-through-all-files-that-have-been-git-stashed.md)
+- [Make Direnv Less Noisy](unix/make-direnv-less-noisy.md)
 - [Map A Domain To localhost](unix/map-a-domain-to-localhost.md)
 - [Negative Look-Ahead Search With ripgrep](unix/negative-look-ahead-search-with-ripgrep.md)
 - [Occupy A Local Port With Netcat](unix/occupy-a-local-port-with-netcat.md)
@@ -1641,6 +1674,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [Swap Occurrences Of Two Words](vim/swap-occurrences-of-two-words.md)
 - [Swapping Split Windows](vim/swapping-split-windows.md)
 - [Swap The Position Of Two Split Windows](vim/swap-the-position-of-two-split-windows.md)
+- [Switch Moving End Of Visual Selection](vim/switch-moving-end-of-visual-selection.md)
 - [Tabs To Spaces](vim/tabs-to-spaces.md)
 - [The Vim Info File](vim/the-vim-info-file.md)
 - [Toggle Absolute And Relative Paths In BufExplorer](vim/toggle-absolute-and-relative-paths-in-bufexplorer.md)
@@ -1665,6 +1699,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [Advance Through Search Results](vscode/advance-through-search-results.md)
 - [Enable Breadcrumbs For Version 1.26 Release](vscode/enable-breadcrumbs-for-version-126-release.md)
 - [Find The Location Of User Settings JSON File](vscode/find-the-location-of-user-settings-json-file.md)
+- [Jump To Problems In The Current File](vscode/jump-to-problems-in-the-current-file.md)
 - [Open An Integrated Terminal Window](vscode/open-an-integrated-terminal-window.md)
 - [Pop Open The Quick Fix Window](vscode/pop-open-the-quick-fix-window.md)
 - [Step Through Project-Wide Search Results](vscode/step-through-project-wide-search-results.md)
@@ -1681,14 +1716,18 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 
 ### Workflow
 
+- [Add Hotkeys For Specific Raycast Extensions](workflow/add-hotkeys-for-specific-raycast-extensions.md)
+- [Add Subscriber To Kit Form Via API](workflow/add-subscriber-to-kit-form-via-api.md)
 - [Add Subtitles To Existing Mux Video Asset](workflow/add-subtitles-to-existing-mux-video-asset.md)
 - [Access 1Password Credential From CLI](workflow/access-1password-credential-from-cli.md)
 - [Change Window Name In iTerm](workflow/change-window-name-in-iterm.md)
+- [Configure Email Redirect With Cloudflare](workflow/configure-email-redirect-with-cloudflare.md)
 - [Convert An ePub Document To PDF On Mac](workflow/convert-an-epub-document-to-pdf-on-mac.md)
 - [Create A Local Sanity Dataset Backup](workflow/create-a-local-sanity-dataset-backup.md)
 - [Create A Public URL For A Local Server](workflow/create-a-public-url-for-a-local-server.md)
 - [Enable Dev Tools For Safari](workflow/enable-dev-tools-for-safari.md)
 - [Forward Stripe Events To Local Server](workflow/forward-stripe-events-to-local-server.md)
+- [Get URL For GitHub User Profile Photo](workflow/get-url-for-github-user-profile-photo.md)
 - [Get Your Public IP Address](workflow/get-your-public-ip-address.md)
 - [Import A Github Project Into CodeSandbox](workflow/import-a-github-project-into-codesandbox.md)
 - [Interactively Kill A Process With fkill](workflow/interactively-kill-a-process-with-fkill.md)
@@ -1696,6 +1735,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 - [Prune The Excess From node_modules](workflow/prune-the-excess-from-node-modules.md)
 - [Rotate An Image To Be Oriented Upright](workflow/rotate-an-image-to-be-oriented-upright.md)
 - [See Overlaps For A Set Of Time Zones](workflow/see-overlaps-for-a-set-of-time-zones.md)
+- [Send A Message To A Discord Channel](workflow/send-a-message-to-a-discord-channel.md)
 - [Set Recurring Reminders In Slack](workflow/set-recurring-reminders-in-slack.md)
 - [Toggle Between Stories In Storybook](workflow/toggle-between-stories-in-storybook.md)
 - [Update asdf Plugins With Latest Package Versions](workflow/update-asdf-plugins-with-latest-package-versions.md)
@@ -1731,6 +1771,7 @@ _1455 TILs and counting..._
 
 - [Add To The Path Via Path Array](zsh/add-to-the-path-via-path-array.md)
 - [Link A Scalar To An Array](zsh/link-a-scalar-to-an-array.md)
+- [Use A Space To Exclude Command From History](zsh/use-a-space-to-exclude-command-from-history.md)
 
 ## Usage
 

astro/generate-types-for-a-content-collection.md

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# Generate Types For A Content Collection
+
+Let's say I'm using Astro to publish posts via markdown. One of the best ways
+to do that is as a _Content Collection_. The posts will live in `src/content`
+probably under a `posts` directory. Plus a config file will define the
+collection and specify validations for the frontmatter.
+
+```typescript
+// src/content/config.ts
+import { defineCollection, z } from 'astro:content';
+
+const postsCollection = defineCollection({
+  schema: z.object({
+    title: z.string(),
+    description: z.string(),
+    tags: z.array(z.string())
+  })
+});
+
+export const collections = {
+  'posts': postsCollection,
+};
+```
+
+When I first add this to my project and get the collection, it won't know what
+the types are.
+
+```astro
+---
+import { getCollection } from "astro:content";
+
+export async function getStaticPaths() {
+  const blogEntries = await getCollection("posts");
+  //    ^^^ any
+
+  return blogEntries.map((entry) => ({
+    params: { slug: entry.slug },
+    props: { entry },
+  }));
+}
+---
+```
+
+I can tell Astro to generate a fresh set of types for things like content
+collections by running the [`astro sync`
+command](https://docs.astro.build/en/reference/cli-reference/#astro-sync).
+
+```bash
+$ npm run astro sync
+```
+
+This updates auto-generated files under the `.astro` directory which get pulled
+in to your project's `env.d.ts` file.
+
+All of these types will also be synced anytime I run `astro dev`, `astro
+build`, or `astro check`.

astro/markdown-files-are-of-type-markdown-instance.md

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Markdown Files Are Of Type MarkdownInstance
+
+One of the things Astro excels at is rendering markdown files as HTML pages in
+your site. And at some point we'll want to access a listing of those markdown
+files in order to do something like display a list of them on an index page.
+For that, we'll use
+[`Astro.glob()`](https://docs.astro.build/en/reference/api-reference/#astroglob).
+
+```typescript
+---
+const allPosts = await Astro.glob("../posts/*.md");
+---
+
+<ul>
+  {allPosts.map(post => {
+    return <Post title={post.frontmatter.title} slug={post.frontmatter.slug} />
+  })}
+</ul>
+```
+
+This looks great, but we'll run into a type error on that first line:
+`'allPosts' implicitly has type 'any'`. We need to declare the type
+of these post instances that are being read-in by Astro.
+
+These are of [type
+`MarkdownInstance`](https://docs.astro.build/en/reference/api-reference/#markdown-files).
+That's a generic though, so we need to tell it a bit more about the shape of a
+post.
+
+```typescript
+import type { MarkdownInstance } from "astro";
+
+export type BarePost = {
+  layout: string;
+  title: string;
+  slug: string;
+  tags: string[];
+};
+
+export type Post = MarkdownInstance<BarePost>;
+```
+
+We can then update that first line:
+
+```typescript
+const allPosts: Post[] = await Astro.glob("../posts/*.md");
+```
+
+Alternatively, you can specify the generic on `glob`:
+
+```typescript
+const allPosts = await Astro.glob<BarePost>("../posts/*.md");
+```

brew/export-list-of-everything-installed-by-brew.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Export List Of Everything Installed By Brew
+
+If you're on a Mac using Homebrew to install various tools and utilities, there
+may come a time when you want a listing of what is installed.
+
+Run this command:
+
+```bash
+$ brew bundle dump
+```
+
+It may take 10 or so seconds. When it is done, you'll have a `Brewfile` in your
+current directory.
+
+Open it up and you'll see a bunch of lines like the following:
+
+```
+tap "heroku/brew"
+tap "homebrew/bundle"
+tap "homebrew/services"
+tap "mongodb/brew"
+tap "planetscale/tap"
+tap "stripe/stripe-cli"
+brew "asdf"
+brew "bat"
+brew "direnv"
+brew "entr"
+brew "exa"
+brew "fd"
+brew "ffmpeg"
+brew "fx"
+brew "fzf"
+brew "gcc"
+brew "gh"
+brew "planetscale/tap/pscale"
+brew "stripe/stripe-cli/stripe"
+cask "1password-cli"
+vscode "ms-playwright.playwright"
+vscode "ms-vsliveshare.vsliveshare"
+vscode "prisma.prisma"
+```
+
+Notice there are `tap`, `brew`, `cask`, and even `vscode` directives.
+
+This is a file you could export and then run on a 'new' machine to install all
+the programs you're used to having available on your current machine.
+
+[source](https://danmunoz.com/setting-up-a-new-computer-with-homebrew/)

drizzle/create-bigint-identity-column-for-primary-key.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Create bigint Identity Column For Primary Key
+
+Using the Drizzle ORM with Postgres, here is how we can create a table that
+uses a [`bigint` data
+type](https://orm.drizzle.team/docs/column-types/pg#bigint) as a primary key
+[identity
+column](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-identity-columns.html).
+
+```typescript
+import {
+  pgTable,
+  bigint,
+  text,
+  timestamp,
+} from "drizzle-orm/pg-core";
+
+// Users table
+export const users = pgTable("users", {
+  id: bigint({ mode: 'bigint' }).primaryKey().generatedAlwaysAsIdentity(),
+  email: text("email").unique().notNull(),
+  name: text("name").notNull(),
+  createdAt: timestamp("created_at").defaultNow().notNull(),
+});
+```
+
+There are a couple key pieces here:
+
+1. We import `bigint` so that we can declare a column of that type.
+2. We specify that it is a primary key with `.primaryKey()`.
+3. We declare its default value as `generated always as identity` via
+   `.generatedAlwaysAsIdentity()`.
+
+Note: you need to specify the `mode` for `bigint` or else you will see a
+`TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'mode')` error.
+
+If we run `npx drizzle-kit generate` the SQL migration file that gets
+generated will contain something like this:
+
+```sql
+--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "users" (
+  "id" bigint PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY (sequence name "users_id_seq" INCREMENT BY 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 9223372036854775807 START WITH 1 CACHE 1),
+  "email" text NOT NULL,
+  "name" text NOT NULL,
+  "created_at" timestamp DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+  CONSTRAINT "users_email_unique" UNIQUE("email")
+);
+```

drizzle/get-fields-for-inserted-row.md

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# Get Fields For Inserted Row
+
+With Drizzle, we can insert a row with a set of values like so:
+
+```typescript
+await db
+  .insert(todoItems)
+  .values({
+    title,
+    userId,
+    description,
+  })
+```
+
+The result of this is `QueryResult<never>`. In other words, nothing useful is
+coming back to us from the database.
+
+Sometimes an insert is treated as a fire-and-forget (as long as it succeeds) or
+since we know what data we are inserting, we don't need the database to
+response. But what about values that are generated or computed by the database
+-- such as an id from a sequence, timestamp columns that default to `now()`, or
+generated columns.
+
+To get all the fields of a freshly inserted row, we can tack on [the
+`returning()` function](https://orm.drizzle.team/docs/insert#insert-returning)
+(which likely adds something like [`returning
+*`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/dml-returning.html)) to the insert
+query under the hood).
+
+```typescript
+await db
+  .insert(todoItems)
+  .values({
+    title,
+    userId,
+    description,
+  })
+  .returning()
+```
+
+This will have a return type of `Array<type todoItems>` which means that for
+each inserted row we'll have all the fields (columns) for that row.
+
+Alternatively, if we just need the generated ID for the new row(s), we can use
+a partial return like so:
+
+```typescript
+await db
+  .insert(todoItems)
+  .values({
+    title,
+    userId,
+    description,
+  })
+  .returning({ id: todoItems.id })
+```

git/check-how-a-file-is-being-ignored.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Check How A File Is Being Ignored
+
+There are a few places on your machine where you can specify the files that git
+should ignore. The most common is a repository's `.gitignore` file. The other
+places those excludes are specified can be more obscure. Fortunately, `git
+check-ignore` is a command that can show you specifically where.
+
+For instance, let's check why my `notes.md` file is being ignored.
+
+```bash
+$ git check-ignore -v .DS_Store
+.git/info/exclude:7:notes.md   notes.md
+```
+
+At some point I added it to my repo's `.git/info/exclude` file. The `-v` flag
+(_verbose_) when included with `check-ignore` tells me the file location.
+
+How about these pesky `.DS_Store` directories? How are those being ignored?
+
+```bash
+$ git check-ignore -v .DS_Store
+/Users/jbranchaud/.gitignore:3:.DS_Store        .DS_Store
+```
+
+Ah yes, I had added it to my _global exclude file_ which I've configured in
+`~/.gitconfig` to be the `~/.gitignore` file.
+
+See `man git-check-ignore` for more details.

git/override-the-global-git-ignore-file.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Override The Global Git Ignore File
+
+One of the places that `git` looks when deciding whether to pay attention to or
+ignore a file is in your global _ignore_ file. By default, `git` will look for
+this file at `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore` or `$HOME/.config/git/ignore`.
+
+I don't have `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` set on my machine, so it will fall back to the
+config directory under `$HOME`.
+
+I may have to create the `git` directory and `ignore` file.
+
+```bash
+$ mkdir $HOME/.config/git
+$ touch $HOME/.config/git/ignore
+```
+
+Then I can add file and directories to exclude to that `ignore` file just like
+I would any other `.gitignore` file.
+
+If I'd prefer for the global _ignore_ file to live somewhere else, I can
+specify that location and filename in my `$HOME/.gitconfig` file.
+
+```
+[core]
+	excludesFile = ~/.gitignore
+```
+
+Setting this will override the default, meaning the default file mentioned
+above will be ignored ("now you know how it feels, ignore file!"). In this
+case, I'll need to create the `.gitignore` file in my home directory and add
+any of my ignore rules.
+
+[source](https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore)

go/access-go-docs-offline.md

@@ -15,4 +15,10 @@ $ godoc -http=:6060
 
 and then visit `localhost:6060`.
 
+Note: if you do not already have `godoc` installed, you can install it with:
+
+```bash
+$ go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/godoc@latest
+```
+
 [source](http://www.andybritcliffe.com/post/44610795381/offline-go-lang-documentation)

internet/analyze-your-website-performance.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Analyze Your Website Performance
+
+The [PageSpeed Insights](https://pagespeed.web.dev/) tool from Google is a
+great way to quickly get actionable insights about where to improve your
+website and app's _Performance_, _Accessibility_, and _SEO_.
+
+To see how your public site or app does, grab its URL and analyze it at
+[PageSpeed Insights](https://pagespeed.web.dev/).
+
+It will take a minute to run on either Mobile or Desktop (make sure to check
+both) and then will output four headline numbers (out of 100) for each of the
+categories.
+
+You can then dig in to each category to see what recommendations they make for
+improving your score.
+
+This can also be run directly from Chrome devtools which is useful if you want
+to see how a locally running site is doing. You can run the analysis from the
+_Lighthouse_ tab of devtools. Note: if the _Performance_ score looks bad, it
+might be that you are running a non-optimized dev server that isn't reflective
+of how your site would do in production.

internet/exclude-ai-overview-from-google-search.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Exclude AI Overview From Google Search
+
+At the top of most Google searches these days is a section of text that takes a
+moment to appear, presumably because it is being generated in the moment. This
+is Google's _AI Overview_. These are sometimes useful summaries of the article
+you are about to click on anyway. Other times the overview is no good, it takes
+up a bunch of screen real estate, and may even [10x the energy consumed by a
+regular
+search](https://www.reddit.com/r/technology/comments/1dsvefb/googles_ai_search_summaries_use_10x_more_energy/).
+
+If you want to exclude the _AI Overview_, tack on a `-ai` when writing out your
+search query.
+
+[source](https://www.yahoo.com/tech/turn-off-ai-overview-results-170014202.html)

java/ensure-resources-always-get-closed.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Ensure Resources Always Get Closed
+
+Java has a construct known as _try-with-resource_ that allows us to always
+ensure opened resources get closed. This is safer than similar cleanup in the
+`finally` block which could still leave a memory leak if an error occurs in
+that block.
+
+To use the _try-with-resource_ construct, instantiate your opened resource in
+parentheses with the `try`.
+
+```java
+try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filename))) {
+  // ...
+}
+```
+
+The resource will be automatically closed when the try/catch block completes.
+
+Here is a full example:
+
+```java
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public class FileReaderExample {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        String fileName = "example.txt";
+        
+        try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName))) {
+            String line;
+            int lineCount = 0;
+            
+            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null && lineCount < 5) {
+                System.out.println(line);
+                lineCount++;
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            System.out.println("An error occurred while reading the file: " + e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+You can even specify multiple resources in one `try`. The above does that, but
+this will make it more obvious:
+
+```java
+try (FileReader fr = new FileReader(filename);
+     BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr)) {
+  // ...
+}
+```
+
+[source](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/exceptions/tryResourceClose.html)

javascript/check-media-queries-from-javascript.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Check Media Queries From JavaScript
+
+I'm usually thinking about and [using media
+queries](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_media_queries/Using_media_queries)
+from a CSS context. I use them to control what styles are displayed for a
+variety of scenarios, such as at different screen widths, when a user prefers
+reduced motion, or when the user prefers a dark color scheme.
+
+The current value of various media queries can be checked from a JavaScript
+context as well.
+
+For instance, if we want to see if the user prefers a _dark_ color schema, we
+can look for a _match_ on that media query with
+[`matchMedia`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/matchMedia).
+
+```javascript
+> window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)')
+MediaQueryList {media: '(prefers-color-scheme: dark)', matches: true, onchange: null}
+> window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)')['matches']
+true
+```
+
+This queries for the [`prefers-color-scheme` media
+feature](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-color-scheme).
+
+The [Astro.build Blog
+Tutorial](https://docs.astro.build/en/tutorial/6-islands/2/#add-client-side-interactivity)
+shows an example of using this to wire up a Light/Dark mode toggle.

javascript/make-truly-deep-clone-with-structured-clone.md

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Make Truly Deep Clone With Structured Clone
+
+There are a lot of ways to make a copy of an object. They are all hacks and
+they all fail in certain circumstances. Using the spread trick only gives you a
+shallow copy where references to nested objects and arrays can still be
+updated. The `JSON.stringify` trick has to make things like dates into strings,
+so it is lossy.
+
+There is however now a dedicated method for deep copies with broad support
+called
+[`structuredClone`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/structuredClone).
+It is available on `window`. Let's take a look at it and see how it comparse to
+the spread operator trick.
+
+```javascript
+> // some data setup
+
+> const data = { one: 1, two: 2, rest: [3,4,5] }
+
+> const obj = { hello: 'world', taco: 'bell', data }
+
+> const shallowObj = { ...obj }
+
+> const deepObj = structuredClone(obj)
+
+> // let's modify the original `data.rest` array
+
+> data.rest.push(6)
+4
+> data
+{ one: 1, two: 2, rest: [ 3, 4, 5, 6 ] }
+
+> // now let's see who was impacted by that mutation
+
+> obj
+{
+  hello: 'world',
+  taco: 'bell',
+  data: { one: 1, two: 2, rest: [ 3, 4, 5, 6 ] }
+}
+
+> shallowObj
+{
+  hello: 'world',
+  taco: 'bell',
+  data: { one: 1, two: 2, rest: [ 3, 4, 5, 6 ] }
+}
+
+> deepObj
+{
+  hello: 'world',
+  taco: 'bell',
+  data: { one: 1, two: 2, rest: [ 3, 4, 5 ] }
+}
+```
+
+The `shallowObj` from the spread operator copy was mutated even though we
+didn't intend for that. The `deepObj` from `structuredClone` was a true deep
+copy and was unaffected.
+
+[source](https://www.builder.io/blog/structured-clone)

mac/keyboard-shortcuts-for-interacting-with-text-areas.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Keyboard Shortcuts For Interacting With Text Areas
+
+When interacting with a document text area on MacOS (such as in the Notes app),
+there are a bunch of keyboard shortcuts made available to you via the operating
+system.
+
+A couple common ones that I'm used to from Unix environments are:
+
+- `ctrl-a` to move the cursor to the beginning of the line
+- `ctrl-e` to move the cursor to the end of the line
+- `ctrl-p` to move the cursor up a line (this is a common _previous_ keybinding)
+- `ctrl-n` to move the cursor down a line (this is a common _next_ keybinding)
+
+A handy one that I wasn't aware of is `ctrl-l` which will scroll the text area
+so that the cursor gets centered in the view area.
+
+A much more niche one I wasn't aware of is `ctrl-t` which swaps the character
+before the cursor with the character after the cursor. I can only imagine this
+being useful for quickly fixing transposed characters in a misspelled word,
+e.g. `baer`.
+
+There are many more *Document Shortcuts* as well as well as keyboard shorcuts
+for other apps and situations. The full listing is at [Mac Keyboard
+Shortcuts](https://support.apple.com/en-us/102650).

postgres/add-unique-constraint-using-existing-index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Add Unique Constraint Using Existing Index
+
+Adding a unique constraint to an existing column on a production table can
+block updates. If we need to avoid this kind of locking for the duration of
+index creation, then we can first create the index concurrently and then use
+that existing index to back the unique constraint.
+
+```sql
+create index concurrently users_email_idx on users (email);
+
+-- wait for that to complete
+
+alter table users
+  add constraint unique_users_email unique using index users_email_idx;
+```
+
+First, we concurrently create the index. The time this takes will depend on how
+large the table is. That's the blocking time we are avoiding with this
+approach. Then once that completes we can apply a unique constraint using that
+preexisting index.
+
+Note: if a non-unique value exists in the table for that column, adding the
+constraint will fail. You'll need to deal with that _duplicate_ value first.
+
+[source](https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/81627/postgresql-9-3-add-unique-constraint-using-an-existing-unique-index)

postgres/concatenate-strings-with-a-separator.md

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Concatenate Strings With A Separator
+
+I was putting together an example of using a generated column that concatenates
+string values from a few other columns. I used manual concatenation with the
+`||` operator like so:
+
+```sql
+create table folders (
+  id integer generated always as identity primary key,
+  user_id integer not null,
+  name text not null,
+  parent_folder_id integer references folders(id),
+  path text generated always as (
+    user_id::text || ':' || lower(name) || ':' || coalesce(parent_folder_id::text, '0')
+  ) stored
+);
+```
+
+Instead of doing that manual concatenation for the `path` generated column, I
+can use
+[`concat_ws`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-string.html).
+
+```sql
+create table folders (
+  id integer generated always as identity primary key,
+  user_id integer not null,
+  name text not null,
+  parent_folder_id integer references folders(id),
+  path text generated always as (
+    concat_ws(
+      ':',
+      user_id::text,
+      lower(name),
+      coalesce(parent_folder_id::text, '0')
+    )
+  ) stored
+);
+```
+
+The first argument to `concat_ws` is the separator I want to use. The remaining
+arguments are the strings that should be concatenated with that separator.
+
+One other things that is nice about `concat_ws` is that it will ignore `null`
+values that it receives.
+
+```sql
+> select concat_ws(':', 'one', 'two', null, 'three');
++---------------+
+| concat_ws     |
+|---------------|
+| one:two:three |
++---------------+
+```

postgres/enforce-uniqueness-on-column-expression.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Enforce Uniqueness On Column Expression
+
+When creating a table for, say `users`, where you will store `email` addresses,
+you'll likely want to enforce uniqueness on the that `email` field. And because
+people have all sorts of ways of entering their emails, in terms of casing, you
+may be tempted to try to enforce uniqueness on a lowercased version of `email`.
+
+```sql
+create table users (
+  id integer generated always as identity primary key,
+  email text not null,
+  unique ( lower(email) ) -- !! this won't work
+);
+```
+
+A unique _constraint_ must be on one or more columns. You cannot include an
+_expression_ when defining the unique constraint.
+
+You can however accomplish similar aims with [a _unique index_ on the
+expression](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/indexes-expressional.html).
+That is because the index is able to store the result of the expression in
+itself.
+
+```sql
+create table users (
+  id integer generated always as identity primary key,
+  email text not null
+);
+
+create unique index unq_lower_email on users ( lower(email) );
+```
+
+This is likely what you want for this example anyway because it will probably
+be a common query to look up the user by `lower(email)` and the index will
+speed up those queries.

postgres/postgres-does-not-support-unsigned-integers.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Postgres Does Not Support Unsigned Integers
+
+PostgreSQL has a variety of sizes of integer types, from `smallint` (2 bytes)
+to `integer` (4 bytes) to `bigint` (8 bytes), as well as [other numeric
+types](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/datatype-numeric.html).
+
+It does _not_ however support unsigned versions of these numeric types.
+
+That means, with an `integer` for instance, we can store numbers between
+`-2147483648` and `+2147483647`. That's everything that can fit into 4 bytes.
+In a system that supported 4 byte unsigned integers we'd be able to represent
+from `0` all the way up to `4294967295`.
+
+In PostgreSQL, we're limited to these _signed_ numeric types.
+
+That means if we were hoping that the data type could essentially enforce a
+non-negative restriction on the data in one of our columns, we're going to have
+to be more creative. The obvious choice to me is to consider adding a [check
+constraint](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-constraints.html#DDL-CONSTRAINTS-CHECK-CONSTRAINTS)
+(e.g. `quantity integer check (quantity > 0)`).
+
+Another option, as pointed out by [this StackOverflow
+answer](https://stackoverflow.com/a/31833279/535590), is to create [a
+user-defined _domain
+type_](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/domains.html) that restricts
+valid values. To me, the ergonomics of using a domain type are a bit awkward
+and not worth the effort.
+
+With either of these solutions, we are only approximating an unsigned integer
+and do not actually have the same range of values available.

postgres/put-unique-constraint-on-generated-column.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Put Unique Constraint On Generated Column
+
+You cannot apply a _unique constraint_ to an expression over a column, e.g.
+`lower(email)`. You can, however, create a [generated
+column](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-generated-columns.html) for
+that expression and then apply the unique constraint to that generated column.
+
+Here is what that could look like:
+
+```sql
+> create table users (
+    id integer generated always as identity primary key,
+    name text not null,
+    email text not null,
+    email_lower text generated always as (lower(email)) stored,
+    unique ( email_lower )
+);
+
+> \d users
++-------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Column      | Type    | Modifiers                                                       |
+|-------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------|
+| id          | integer |  not null generated always as identity                          |
+| name        | text    |  not null                                                       |
+| email       | text    |  not null                                                       |
+| email_lower | text    |  default lower(email) generated always as (lower(email)) stored |
++-------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
+Indexes:
+    "users_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
+    "users_email_lower_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (email_lower)
+```
+
+And then an demonstration of violating that constraint:
+
+```sql
+
+> insert into users (name, email) values ('Bob', 'bob@email.com');
+INSERT 0 1
+
+> insert into users (name, email) values ('Bobby', 'BOB@email.com');
+duplicate key value violates unique constraint "users_email_lower_key"
+DETAIL:  Key (email_lower)=(bob@email.com) already exists.
+```
+
+The main tradeoff here is that you are doubling the amount of storage you need
+for that column. Unless it is a massive table, that is likely not an issue.

rails/define-the-root-path-for-the-app.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Define The Root Path For The App
+
+The `root_path` helper that you might want to use in Rails controllers and
+views is not available by default.
+
+```ruby
+> Rails.application.routes.url_helpers.root_path
+
+ruby/3.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/irb-1.14.0/lib/irb.rb:1285:in `full_message': undefined method `root_path' for #<Module:0x0000000106d11738> (NoMethodError)
+
+Rails.application.routes.url_helpers.root_path
+                                    ^^^^^^^^^^
+Did you mean?  logout_path
+               book_path
+```
+
+It needs to be declared in the `config/routes.rb` file with the controller
+action that it points to.
+
+```ruby
+# config/routes.rb
+Rails.application.routes.draw do
+  root 'home#index'
+end
+```
+
+Once this is defined the `root_path` will now be available with the rest of
+your URL helpers.
+
+```ruby
+better-reads(dev)> reload!
+Reloading...
+better-reads(dev)> Rails.application.routes.url_helpers.root_path
+=> "/"
+```
+
+[source](https://guides.rubyonrails.org/routing.html#using-root)

rails/rollback-a-couple-migrations.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Rollback A Couple Migrations
+
+Let's say we need to rollback a couple Rails migrations that have been applied
+to our local environment. We run `rails db:migrate:status` and see that there
+are _2_ migrations that we want to _undo_.
+
+We can accomplish this by using the `STEP` env var with the rollback command.
+
+```bash
+$ rails db:rollback STEP=2
+```
+
+Just set `STEP` to the number of migrations that we need to rollback. If we
+then rerun `rails db:migrate:status` we'll now see those latest two migrations
+are `down`.
+
+Note: by default Rails doesn't like to operate with pending migrations. If we
+want to temporarily disable the pending migration check, we can alter the
+migration error config in `config/development.rb`.
+
+```diff
+  # Raise an error on page load if there are pending migrations.
+-  # config.active_record.migration_error = :page_load
++  config.active_record.migration_error = false
+```

rails/set-datetime-to-include-time-zone-in-migrations.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Set Datetime To Include Time Zone In Migrations
+
+When using Rails and PostgreSQL, your migrations will contain DSL syntax like
+`t.datetime` and `t.timestamps` which will produce columns using the
+`timestamp` (`without time zone`) Postgres data type.
+
+While reading [A Simple Explanation of Postgres' <code>Timestamp with Time
+Zone</code>](https://naildrivin5.com/blog/2024/10/10/a-simple-explanation-of-postgres-timestamp-with-time-zone.html),
+I learned that there is a way to configure your app to instead use
+`timestamptz` by default. This data type is widely recommended as a good
+default, so it is nice that we can configure Rails to use it.
+
+First, add these lines to a new initializer (`config/initializers/postgres.rb`)
+file.
+
+```ruby
+require "active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter"
+ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter.datetime_type = :timestamptz
+```
+
+Alternatively, you can configure this via `config/application.rb` per the
+[Configuring ActiveRecord
+docs](https://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#activerecord-connectionadapters-postgresqladapter-datetime-type).
+
+Then, if you have a new migration like the following:
+
+```ruby
+class AddEventsTable < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.2]
+  def change
+    create_table :events do |t|
+      t.string :title
+      t.text :description
+      t.datetime :start_time
+      t.datetime :end_time
+      t.timestamps
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+you can expect to have four `timestamptz` columns, namely `start_time`,
+`end_time`, `created_at`, and `updated_at`.
+
+Here is the [Rails PR](https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/41084) that adds
+this config option.

rails/temporarily-turn-off-pending-migrations-error.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Temporarily Turn Off Pending Migrations Error
+
+Whenever I'm working on an end-to-end feature in a Rails app, soon or later I
+am going to see the _Pending Migrations_ error page. I try to visit one of the
+routes in the browser and the Rails app serves this error page instead of my
+actual request response.
+
+This is typically what I want. If there are migrations just sitting there that
+haven't been run yet, that's probably an issue. Maybe I just pulled down the
+latest changes from my teammates. The app isn't going to work properly without
+whatever schema changes are prescribed in those pending migrations.
+
+The thing to do is run those migrations.
+
+In some special cases though, I know what I'm doing and I would like to operate
+my app locally with specific migrations not yet applied.
+
+To skip the error, I can change this `config/environments/development.rb`
+setting from:
+
+```ruby
+config.active_record.migration_error = :page_load
+```
+
+to:
+
+```ruby
+config.active_record.migration_error = false
+```
+
+I just need to make sure to switch it back when I'm done.
+
+[source](https://til.hashrocket.com/posts/ujcixh5rwi-rails-ignore-pending-migrations)

ruby/prevent-erb-lint-from-removing-opening-tags.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Prevent erb_lint From Removing Opening Tags
+
+The [`erb_lint` gem](https://github.com/Shopify/erb_lint) is a tool from
+shopify for linting and auto-formatting ERB files. When I first set it up in a
+Rails codebase with the base `.erb-lint.yml` recommended in the README, I ran
+into a pernicious issue. The linter wanted to remove opening tags (i.e. `<%`
+and `<%=`) from my ERB files.
+
+So, for a file that looked like this:
+
+```erb
+<div>
+  <%= form_with(url: login_path, scope: :session) do |f| %>
+    <div>
+      <%= f.label :email %>
+      <%= f.email_field :email %>
+    </div>
+</div>
+```
+
+It would get formatted to this:
+
+```erb
+<div>
+form_with(url: login_path, scope: :session) do |f| %>
+    <div>
+f.label :email %>
+f.email_field :email %>
+    </div>
+</div>
+```
+
+Yikes!
+
+I had to disable a couple rules (under `rubocop_config:`) in the `.erb-lint.yml` file to get it to stop
+doing this.
+
+```yaml
+Layout/InitialIndentation:
+  Enabled: false
+Layout/TrailingEmptyLines:
+  Enabled: false
+```
+
+[source](https://github.com/Shopify/erb_lint/issues/222)

unix/convert-jpeg-to-png-with-ffmpeg.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Convert JPEG To PNG With ffmpeg
+
+The `ffmpeg` utility "is a universal media converter." That means we can use it
+to convert, for instance, a JPEG file to a PNG file.
+
+There is not a lot to a conversion like this. We use `-i` to specify the
+existing input file (a JPEG) and then the other argument is the name and
+extension of the output file.
+
+```bash
+$ ls
+profile.jpg
+
+$ ffmpeg -i profile.jpg profile.png
+
+$ ls
+profile.jpg  profile.png
+```
+
+See `man ffmpeg` for more details.

unix/make-direnv-less-noisy.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Make Direnv Less Noisy
+
+I've been using [`direnv`](https://direnv.net/) to manage project and folder
+specific environment variables for a bit now. I've found it to be pretty
+seamless. It can feel like it is littering my shell with too much output when I
+change directories though.
+
+There are two levers to control its output.
+
+First, the direnv logs (e.g. `direnv: loading ~/.../.envrc`) can be controlled
+with the `DIRENV_LOG_FORMAT` env var. Add this to the
+`~/.config/direnv/direnvrc` file (add that directory and file if necessary).
+You can leave it blank to altogether hide log messages or you can gray-out the
+log messages like this:
+
+```
+export DIRENV_LOG_FORMAT=$'\033[2mdirenv: %s\033[0m'
+```
+
+Second, you can hide the env var diff with a separate config. This diff is not
+covered under the umbrella of logs controlled by the above setting. Set
+[`hide_env_diff` in the `~/.config/direnv/direnv.toml`
+file](https://direnv.net/man/direnv.toml.1.html#codehideenvdiffcode):
+
+```toml
+[global]
+hide_env_diff = true
+```
+
+This second config was only added as of `v2.34.0`.
+
+[source](https://esham.io/2023/10/direnv)

vim/switch-moving-end-of-visual-selection.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Switch Moving End Of Visual Selection
+
+When I go into character-wise visual selection mode, one end of the visual
+selection is fixed while I move my cursor around to define the other end of it.
+
+Let's say I've arranged a visual selection that encompasses several lines of my
+file. And then I realize that the fixed front-end of my visual selection is off
+by a bit. Maybe I've selected an entire function definition and I just want to
+inner part of the function.
+
+Instead of starting over with my visual selection. I can leave the right-end of
+the visual selection where it is, hit `o` which will switch the moving end to
+the other side, and then continue making adjustments from there.
+
+I can always hit `o` again to switch it back to the original side.
+
+See `:h v_o` for more details.

vscode/jump-to-problems-in-the-current-file.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Jump To Problems In The Current File
+
+VSCode has a system for different extensions to report problems. The editor
+will visually flag those problems in the editor with a red squiggly underline.
+It will also list them in the _Problems_ tab of the bottom tray (hit `Cmd+j` to
+pop that tray open).
+
+If there are some active problems in your current file, you can jump right to
+them.
+
+Hit `F8` and you'll jump to the next problem after wherever the cursor is. Hit
+`F8` again and it will go to the next one.
+
+Want to track back through the file? Hit `Shift+F8` and you'll jump to the
+closest problem _behind_ the current cursor position.
+
+Using these two, you can quickly survey the current problems in your file
+before deciding how to proceed.

workflow/add-hotkeys-for-specific-raycast-extensions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Add Hotkeys For Specific Raycast Extensions
+
+One of the main things I use [Raycast](https://www.raycast.com/) for is its
+built-in clipboard history extension. It's super handy when I've copied a Git
+SHA or a URL or a bit of text several copies ago and I want to be able to refer
+back to it. It keeps 7 days of clipboard history by default, so anything that I
+remember copying is going to be there.
+
+To get there, I have to trigger Raycast, which I usually open via Alfred (I
+know, 😅). Then I search for Clipboard History (or find it under recent
+suggestions).
+
+Raycast supports arbitrary hotkey bindings for triggering different extensions
+and their features. So I can get to the Clipboard History in a single step --
+e.g. with `Ctrl+Shift+V`.
+
+From Raycast _Settings_, go to the _Extensions_ tab. Find _Clipboard History_
+in the list and then click the _Record Hotkey_ input for it. I then type
+`Ctrl+Shift+V` and I'm all set.

workflow/add-subscriber-to-kit-form-via-api.md

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# Add Subscriber To Kit Form Via API
+
+Because the Kit API is a bit sparse in words, I found it difficult to figure
+out exactly what I needed to do to add a subscriber via a custom form. After
+some experimenting and reading through [Course
+Builder](https://github.com/badass-courses/course-builder/blob/main/packages/core/src/providers/convertkit.ts)
+code, I was able to figure out that with the Kit v4 API there are two separate
+calls that need to be made.
+
+First, you need to create an `inactive` subscriber with the user's email (and
+first name if given) via the [Create a subscriber
+endpoint](https://developers.kit.com/v4#create-a-subscriber).
+
+```typescript
+async function createSubscriber(
+  data: SubscriberData,
+  apiKey: string,
+): Promise<Response> {
+  return fetch('https://api.convertkit.com/v4/subscribers', {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: {
+      'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+      'X-Kit-Api-Key': apiKey,
+    },
+    body: JSON.stringify({
+      email_address: data.email,
+      first_name: data.name,
+      state: 'inactive',
+    }),
+  })
+}
+```
+
+Since this subscriber is `inactive`, they won't show up in the Kit dashboard,
+but a subscriber record of them has been created.
+
+Second, you need to add the subscriber to something, like a form or a sequence.
+In my case, I had already created a form via the Kit dashboard, so I grab that
+_Form ID_ and stick it in my `.env`. That way I am able to [add the subscriber
+to the form by email
+address](https://developers.kit.com/v4#add-subscriber-to-form-by-email-address).
+
+```typescript
+async function addSubscriberToForm(
+  email: string,
+  apiKey: string,
+  formId: string,
+): Promise<Response> {
+  const url = `https://api.convertkit.com/v4/forms/${formId}/subscribers`
+  return fetch(url, {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: {
+      'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+      'X-Kit-Api-Key': apiKey,
+    },
+    body: JSON.stringify({ email_address: email }),
+  })
+}
+```
+
+This will send a confirmation email to the email address. Once the person has
+opened the email and hit 'Confirm', their corresponding `subscriber` record
+will be marked as `active` and they will be added to the list of subscribers
+for that form.

workflow/configure-email-redirect-with-cloudflare.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Configure Email Redirect With Cloudflare
+
+I have a domain registered with Cloudflare --
+[visualmode.dev](https://www.visualmode.dev). I want to be able to sign up for
+services and receive emails as `josh@visualmode.dev`. I don't want a separate
+inbox that I have to check though.
+
+The solution, for me, is to have Cloudflare redirect incoming emails to an
+email address/inbox that I'm already regularly checking.
+
+On the _Email_ dashboard there is a _Routing Rules_ tab. In the _Custom
+Addresses_ section, I can click _Create Address_. There I specify the custom
+address (what will appear before the `@`), the action to make ("Send to an
+email"), and the destination (the existing email address for an inbox I
+regularly check).
+
+Finally, I hit _Save_. If they don't already exist, I'll be prompted to confirm
+the setup of MX records for the domain. After confirming that, I should be able
+to receive emails via that new address.
+
+The Email Routing dashboard will even show me a summary of all rerouted emails.
+
+[source](https://blog.cloudflare.com/introducing-email-routing/#cloudflare-email-routing)

workflow/convert-an-epub-document-to-pdf-on-mac.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ convert it using the `ebook-convert` binary from `Calibre`.
 First, install `Calibre`:
 
 ```bash
-$ brew cask install calibre
+$ brew install --cask calibre
 ```
 
 Then convert your ePub using `ebook-convert`:

workflow/get-url-for-github-user-profile-photo.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Get URL For GitHub User Profile Photo
+
+You can access your (or really any user's) profile photo by visiting the GitHub
+profile URL with `.png` added on to the end.
+
+So, my GitHub profile URL is:
+
+```
+https://github.com/jbranchaud
+```
+
+If I were to add `.png` on to that and visit it in my browser:
+
+```
+https://github.com/jbranchaud.png
+```
+
+I'd be redirected to the following URL:
+
+```
+https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/694063?v=4
+```
+
+This is the stable URL for my GitHub avatar. In the browser I will see the full
+resolution image which I can download as needed.
+
+[source](https://dev.to/10xlearner/how-to-get-the-profile-picture-of-a-github-account-1d82)

workflow/send-a-message-to-a-discord-channel.md

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# Send A Message To A Discord Channel
+
+I recently added a form to [visualmode.dev](https://www.visualmode.dev) that
+when submitted should send the details to an internal channel in my discord
+server.
+
+I didn't need to set up an _App_ or a _Bot_ to do this. It is much simpler than
+that. All I needed was a valid [_webhook_
+endpoint](https://discord.com/developers/docs/resources/webhook) for my channel
+that I can `POST` to.
+
+From Discord, I can select _Edit Channel_ for a specific channel, go to the
+_Integrations_ tab, go to _Webhooks_, and then create a _New Webhook_. I can
+name it, save it, and then copy the webhook URL.
+
+As a demonstration, I can `POST` to that webhook URL using `cURL` like so:
+
+```bash
+curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST -d '{"content":"Hello from cURL!"}' <YOUR_WEBHOOK_URL>
+```
+
+Similarly, in some non-public-facing code like a Next.js serverless function, I
+can `POST` to that webhook URL with the `content` that I want to appear in my
+channel.
+
+```
+import { NextResponse } from 'next/server'
+
+export async function POST(request: Request) {
+  const data = await request.json()
+
+  const discordWebhookUrl = process.env.DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL
+  if (discordWebhookUrl) {
+    try {
+      const response = await fetch(discordWebhookUrl, {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: {
+          'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+        },
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          content: `New contact form submission:\nName: ${data.name}\nEmail: ${data.email}\nCompany: ${data.company}\nPhone: ${data.phone}\nMessage: ${data.message}`,
+        }),
+      })
+
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        throw new Error('Failed to send Discord message')
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error('Error sending to Discord:', error)
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { error: 'Failed to process form submission' },
+        { status: 500 },
+      )
+    }
+  }
+
+  return NextResponse.json({ message: 'Form submitted successfully' })
+}
+```
+
+This [Structure of Webhook
+guide](https://birdie0.github.io/discord-webhooks-guide/discord_webhook.html)
+has more details on how to specifically structure and format a more complex
+message.

zsh/use-a-space-to-exclude-command-from-history.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Use A Space To Exclude Command From History
+
+When using a shell like `zsh`, you get the benefit of it keeping track of the
+history of the commands you've entered into the shell. This means you can
+quickly traverse pack to a previous command that you want to run again. It also
+means [a tool like `fzf` can hook into your history
+file](https://github.com/junegunn/fzf?tab=readme-ov-file#key-bindings-for-command-line)
+so that you can fuzzy-search for a command you may have executed weeks ago.
+
+The history is stored on your machine in a plaintext file. Not every command
+should be stored in a plaintext file. For instance, you don't want `zsh` to
+persist a command that includes a password.
+
+With the `histignorespace` option enabled in `zsh`, we can put a leading space
+in front of our command and it will be excluded from the history file.
+
+Try it yourself:
+
+```bash
+$ echo 'this command will be remembered'
+this command will be remembered
+
+$  echo 'this command will be forgotten'
+this command will be forgotten
+```
+
+Notice the leading space in the second command. Trying pressing your _up_ arrow
+and notice only that first `echo` is remembered.
+
+Make sure `histignorespace` is included in the list when you run `setopt`. If
+it isn't, then add it:
+
+```bash
+$ setopt histignorespace
+```
+
+[source](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8473121/execute-a-command-without-keeping-it-in-history/49643320#49643320)