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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ working across different projects via [VisualMode](https://www.visualmode.dev/).
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For a steady stream of TILs, [sign up for my newsletter](https://visualmode.kit.com/newsletter).
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_1758 TILs and counting..._
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_1760 TILs and counting..._
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See some of the other learning resources I work on:
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@@ -1047,6 +1047,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
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- [Check If Package Is Installed With Pip](python/check-if-package-is-installed-with-pip.md)
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- [Control Passing Of Time In Tests](python/control-passing-of-time-in-tests.md)
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- [Create A Dummy DataFrame In Pandas](python/create-a-dummy-dataframe-in-pandas.md)
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- [Create A Range Of Descending Values](python/create-a-range-of-descending-values.md)
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- [Dunder Methods](python/dunder-methods.md)
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- [Easy Key-Value Aggregates With defaultdict](python/easy-key-value-aggregates-with-defaultdict.md)
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- [Install With PIP For Specific Interpreter](python/install-with-pip-for-specific-interpreter.md)
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@@ -1054,6 +1055,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
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- [Iterate Over A Dictionary](python/iterate-over-a-dictionary.md)
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- [Keep A Tally With collections.Counter](python/keep-a-tally-with-collections-counter.md)
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- [Load A File Into The Python REPL](python/load-a-file-into-the-python-repl.md)
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- [Look Inside Pytest tmp_path](python/look-inside-pytest-tmp-path.md)
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- [Override The Boolean Context Of A Class](python/override-the-boolean-context-of-a-class.md)
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- [Parse Relative Time To datetime Object](python/parse-relative-time-to-datetime-object.md)
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- [Store And Access Immutable Data In A Tuple](python/store-and-access-immutable-data-in-a-tuple.md)
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@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
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# Create A Range Of Descending Values
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A typical use of `range` looks something like this:
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```python
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>>> list(range(1, 5))
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[1, 2, 3, 4]
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```
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Which is equivalent to this one where we give a `step` value of `1`.
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```python
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>>> list(range(1, 5, 1))
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[1, 2, 3, 4]
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```
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If we try to create a _negative range_, that is, a range of values in decreasing
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order, we get an empty list.
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```python
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>>> list(range(0, -7))
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[]
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```
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That's because the `step` value still defaults to `1`. And there are no positive
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steps between `0` and `-7`. So, let's give `range` a `step` value of `-1`.
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```python
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>>> list(range(0,-7, -1))
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[0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6]
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```
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One practical use case of a negative range like this is using a list
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comprehension to transform it into a list of the _last seven days_.
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```python
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>>> from datetime import datetime, timedelta
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>>> [datetime.now().date() + timedelta(days=days) for days in range(0,-7, -1)]
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[datetime.date(2026, 3, 19), datetime.date(2026, 3, 18), datetime.date(2026, 3, 17), datetime.date(2026, 3, 16), datetime.date(2026, 3, 15), datetime.date(2026, 3, 14), datetime.date(2026, 3, 13)]
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```
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Of course this could have been written with a positive range and then
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subtracting the `timedelta`. I like that I have the option of doing this in
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whatever way makes the code most readable.
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@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
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# Look Inside Pytest tmp_path
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In [Isolate and Debug File Side-Effects with Pytest
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`tmp_path`](https://www.visualmode.dev/isolate-and-debug-file-side-effects-with-pytest-tmp-path),
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I wrote about how I use
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[`tmp_path`](https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/reference/reference.html#std-fixture-tmp_path)
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in a Pytest fixture to test [my `py-vmt` CLI](https://github.com/jbranchaud/py-vmt). During testing of the CLI interface
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via [`click`'s testing utilities](https://click.palletsprojects.com/en/stable/testing/), `vmt` creates,
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modifies, and reads from files. Isolating that behavior with the `tmp_path`
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fixture is useful because it prevents individual test cases from conflicting
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with one another.
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Here is what the fixture looks like at the top of my test file:
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```python
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# auto fixture for all test cases that monkeypatches the platform dirs to a tmp
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# path so that test side-effects don't persist between runs
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@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
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def use_tmp_platform_dirs(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
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data_dir = tmp_path / "data"
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config_dir = tmp_path / "config"
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data_dir.mkdir()
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config_dir.mkdir()
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monkeypatch.setattr(CliContext, "get_data_dir", staticmethod(lambda: data_dir))
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monkeypatch.setattr(CliContext, "get_config_dir", staticmethod(lambda: config_dir))
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```
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The root of the temp directory is located at `tempfile.gettempdir()` and the
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directories from there are organized with this structure:
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```
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{temproot}/pytest-of-{user}/pytest-{num}/{testname}/
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```
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So, in the case of `vmt`, I can find the `config` and `data` dirs for a specific
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test run here:
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```bash
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❯ ls /var/folders/zc/q6gnvbgx6kq77828jn38716r0000gn/T/pytest-of-lastword/pytest-2/test_start_status_stop_flow0
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config data
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```
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