Create a shared task to deduplicate logic listing recent TILs

README.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ working across different projects via [VisualMode](https://www.visualmode.dev/).
 
 For a steady stream of TILs, [sign up for my newsletter](https://visualmode.kit.com/newsletter).
 
-_1798 TILs and counting..._
+_1810 TILs and counting..._
 
 See some of the other learning resources I work on:
 
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 * [Linux](#linux)
 * [LLM](#llm)
 * [Mac](#mac)
+* [Math](#math)
 * [Mise](#mise)
 * [MongoDB](#mongodb)
 * [MySQL](#mysql)
@@ -470,6 +471,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [List PRs Awaiting Your Review](github/list-prs-awaiting-your-review.md)
 - [Open A PR To An Unforked Repo](github/open-a-pr-to-an-unforked-repo.md)
 - [Open File To Specific Line In Browser](github/open-file-to-specific-line-in-browser.md)
+- [Process JSON Output From gh With jq](github/process-json-output-from-gh-with-jq.md)
 - [Target Another Repo When Creating A PR](github/target-another-repo-when-creating-a-pr.md)
 - [Tell gh What The Default Repo Is](github/tell-gh-what-the-default-repo-is.md)
 
@@ -770,6 +772,10 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [View All Windows Of The Current App](mac/view-all-windows-of-the-current-app.md)
 - [Write System Clipboard To A File](mac/write-system-clipboard-to-a-file.md)
 
+### Math
+
+- [Generate Permutations Of All Valid 9-ball Racks](math/generate-permutations-of-all-valid-9-ball-racks.md)
+
 ### Mise
 
 - [Create Umbrella Task For All Test Tasks](mise/create-umbrella-task-for-all-test-tasks.md)
@@ -1068,8 +1074,10 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Create A Range Of Descending Values](python/create-a-range-of-descending-values.md)
 - [Deduplicate A List Into A Tuple](python/deduplicate-a-list-into-a-tuple.md)
 - [Define Sequence Of Tests With Parametrize Decorator](python/define-sequence-of-tests-with-parametrize-decorator.md)
+- [Define Typed Class Interface With Protocol](python/define-typed-class-interface-with-protocol.md)
 - [Dunder Methods](python/dunder-methods.md)
 - [Easy Key-Value Aggregates With defaultdict](python/easy-key-value-aggregates-with-defaultdict.md)
+- [Enable Pyright Type Checking In Cursor](python/enable-pyright-type-checking-in-cursor.md)
 - [Get Absolute Seconds From `timedelta` Object](python/get-absolute-seconds-from-timedelta-object.md)
 - [Get Quotient And Remainder In One Operation](python/get-quotient-and-remainder-in-one-operation.md)
 - [Install With PIP For Specific Interpreter](python/install-with-pip-for-specific-interpreter.md)
@@ -1079,15 +1087,18 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Load A File Into The Python REPL](python/load-a-file-into-the-python-repl.md)
 - [Look Inside Pytest tmp_path](python/look-inside-pytest-tmp-path.md)
 - [Make Dataclass Sortable By Specific Field](python/make-dataclass-sortable-by-specific-field.md)
+- [Make Secure Temp File For Atomic Write](python/make-secure-temp-file-for-atomic-write.md)
 - [Override The Boolean Context Of A Class](python/override-the-boolean-context-of-a-class.md)
 - [Parse Relative Time To datetime Object](python/parse-relative-time-to-datetime-object.md)
 - [Reclassify Certain Packages As Dev Dependencies](python/reclassify-certain-packages-as-dev-dependencies.md)
+- [Set Up Pyright Type Checking In GitHub](python/set-up-pyright-type-checking-in-github.md)
 - [Skip Specific Pytest Test Cases](python/skip-specific-pytest-test-cases.md)
 - [Sort A List Of Dataclass Instances](python/sort-a-list-of-dataclass-instances.md)
 - [Sort Normalized Version Of Data](python/sort-normalized-version-of-data.md)
 - [Start The Debugger When A Test Errors](python/start-the-debugger-when-a-test-errors.md)
 - [Store And Access Immutable Data In A Tuple](python/store-and-access-immutable-data-in-a-tuple.md)
 - [Test A Function With Pytest](python/test-a-function-with-pytest.md)
+- [Turn Method Into Cached Property On Class Instance](python/turn-method-into-cached-property-on-class-instance.md)
 - [Use pipx To Install End User Apps](python/use-pipx-to-install-end-user-apps.md)
 - [Use `__post_init__` For `dataclass` Validations](python/use-post-init-for-dataclass-validations.md)
 - [Use Verbose Flag To Get More Diff](python/use-verbose-flag-to-get-more-diff.md)
@@ -1147,6 +1158,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Customize Paths And Helpers For Devise Routes](rails/customize-paths-and-helpers-for-devise-routes.md)
 - [Customize Template For New Schema Migration](rails/customize-template-for-new-schema-migration.md)
 - [Customize The Path Of A Resource Route](rails/customize-the-path-of-a-resource-route.md)
+- [Define Conditional Routing Logic In Routes File](rails/define-conditional-routing-logic-in-routes-file.md)
 - [Define The Root Path For The App](rails/define-the-root-path-for-the-app.md)
 - [Delete Paranoid Records](rails/delete-paranoid-records.md)
 - [Demodulize A Class Name](rails/demodulize-a-class-name.md)
@@ -1563,6 +1575,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Update The Gemfile Bundled With Version](ruby/update-the-gemfile-bundled-with-version.md)
 - [Use A Case Statement As A Cond Statement](ruby/use-a-case-statement-as-a-cond-statement.md)
 - [Use dotenv In A Non-Rails Project](ruby/use-dotenv-in-a-non-rails-project.md)
+- [Use Rescue As Part Of Inline Statement](ruby/use-rescue-as-part-of-inline-statement.md)
 - [Use Tap For Better Test Data Setup](ruby/use-tap-for-better-test-data-setup.md)
 - [Using BCrypt To Create And Check Hashed Passwords](ruby/using-bcrypt-to-create-and-check-hashed-passwords.md)
 - [What To Do When You Don't Rescue](ruby/what-to-do-when-you-dont-rescue.md)
@@ -1711,6 +1724,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Curl With Cookies](unix/curl-with-cookies.md)
 - [Curling For Headers](unix/curling-for-headers.md)
 - [Curling With Basic Auth Credentials](unix/curling-with-basic-auth-credentials.md)
+- [Deduplicate List While Preserving Original Order](unix/deduplicate-list-while-preserving-original-order.md)
 - [Determine ipv4 And ipv6 Public IP Addresses](unix/determine-ipv4-and-ipv6-public-ip-addresses.md)
 - [Diff Two Files In Unified Format](unix/diff-two-files-in-unified-format.md)
 - [Different Ways To Generate A v4 UUID](unix/different-ways-to-generate-a-v4-uuid.md)
@@ -1804,6 +1818,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Print A Range Of Lines For A File With Bat](unix/print-a-range-of-lines-for-a-file-with-bat.md)
 - [Print DateTime Represented By Unix Timestamp](unix/print-datetime-represented-by-unix-timestamp.md)
 - [Print Milliseconds In Human-Readable Format](unix/print-milliseconds-in-human-readable-format.md)
+- [Print Out File With Bat Without Formatting](unix/print-out-file-with-bat-without-formatting.md)
 - [Print Out Files In Reverse](unix/print-out-files-in-reverse.md)
 - [Print The Current Date In Human-Readable Format](unix/print-the-current-date-in-human-readable-format.md)
 - [Produce A Lowercase V4 UUID](unix/produce-a-lowercase-v4-uuid.md)
@@ -2078,6 +2093,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Send A Message To A Discord Channel](workflow/send-a-message-to-a-discord-channel.md)
 - [Send A PDF To Your Kindle](workflow/send-a-pdf-to-your-kindle.md)
 - [Set Recurring Reminders In Slack](workflow/set-recurring-reminders-in-slack.md)
+- [Show All Linear Keyboard Shortcuts](workflow/show-all-linear-keyboard-shortcuts.md)
 - [Show Linting Errors In Zed](workflow/show-linting-errors-in-zed.md)
 - [Temporarily Hide CleanShot X Capture Previews](workflow/temporarily-hide-cleanshot-x-capture-previews.md)
 - [Toggle Between Stories In Storybook](workflow/toggle-between-stories-in-storybook.md)

Taskfile.yml

@@ -11,6 +11,36 @@ tasks:
     cmds:
       - task --list
 
+  browse:list:
+    desc: Print deduped, newest-first TIL paths
+    silent: true
+    cmds:
+      - |
+        git log --diff-filter=A --name-only --pretty=format: -- '*/*.md' \
+          | grep -v '^$' \
+          | awk '!seen[$0]++'
+
+  browse:
+    desc: Pick from 5 most recent TILs (fzf) and open in browser
+    interactive: true
+    silent: true
+    cmds:
+      - |
+        FILE=$(task browse:list | head -5 | fzf --prompt="Open TIL: " --height=40% --reverse) || true
+        if [ -n "$FILE" ]; then
+          gh browse "$FILE"
+        fi
+
+  browse:latest:
+    desc: Open the single most recent TIL in the browser
+    silent: true
+    cmds:
+      - |
+        FILE=$(task browse:list | head -1)
+        if [ -n "$FILE" ]; then
+          gh browse "$FILE"
+        fi
+
   notes:
     desc: Interactive picker for notes tasks
     cmds:

github/process-json-output-from-gh-with-jq.md

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# Process JSON Output From gh With jq
+
+The `gh` (GitHub) CLI is useful for accessing data about your profile and
+projects from the terminal. With the `--json` flag, we can access the data in a
+structured way which is useful for scripting.
+
+Here is an example of pulling a list of all my repositories, limiting each
+entity to just the `nameWithOwner` and `description`:
+
+```bash
+❯ gh repo list --limit 1000 --json nameWithOwner,description
+[
+  {
+    "description": "My personal site -- joshbranchaud.com",
+    "nameWithOwner": "jbranchaud/personal-site"
+  },
+  {
+    "description": "Private repo for the NOTES.md of my TIL repo",
+    "nameWithOwner": "jbranchaud/til-notes-private"
+  },
+  ...
+]
+```
+
+If I'm using the `--json` flag, then I can add in the `--jq` flag to apply a
+`jq` query for additional processing of the output.
+
+Here I convert it to a series of tuples:
+
+```bash
+❯ gh repo list --limit 1000 --json nameWithOwner,description \
+  --jq '.[] | [.nameWithOwner, .description]'
+[
+  "jbranchaud/personal-site",
+  "My personal site -- joshbranchaud.com"
+]
+[
+  "jbranchaud/til-notes-private",
+  "Private repo for the NOTES.md of my TIL repo"
+]
+...
+```
+
+Then I can add one more pipe to that `jq` query to turn it into _tab-separated
+values_ using
+[`@tsv`](https://jqlang.org/manual/v1.5/#format-strings-and-escaping):
+
+```bash
+❯ gh repo list --limit 1000 --json nameWithOwner,description \
+  --jq '.[] | [.nameWithOwner, .description] | @tsv'
+jbranchaud/personal-site	My personal site -- joshbranchaud.com
+jbranchaud/til-notes-private	Private repo for the NOTES.md of my TIL repo
+...
+```
+
+This is useful because I can then pipe it to another program, such as an `fzf`
+command like [this repo selector that opens the selected one in the
+browser](https://github.com/jbranchaud/dotfiles/commit/f964ca10c6c4db3475411c2991dc2f1dfd18c818).

math/generate-permutations-of-all-valid-9-ball-racks.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Generate Permutations Of All Valid 9-ball Racks
+
+I wanted to produce a full listing of all valid rack arrangements for the game
+of [9-ball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine-ball). The constraints on how a
+9-ball rack can be arranged are, first, that the 1 ball must be placed at the
+head of the diamond and, second, that the 9 ball must be placed at the center of
+the diamond. After that, all other balls (2 through 8) can be placed in any
+arrangement.
+
+Because each of those seven remaining balls can be arranged in distinct
+orderings where each ball is placed once, this is a
+[_permutation_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation) problem.
+
+> In elementary combinatorics, the k-permutations, or partial permutations, are
+> the ordered arrangements of k distinct elements selected from a set. When k is
+> equal to the size of the set, these are the permutations in the previous
+> sense.
+
+For this problem, the seven distinct elements can be arranged into `7!` (seven
+factorial) unique permutations. That is, 5040 permutations.
+
+I can use [Ruby's `Array#permutations`
+method](https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/4.0/Array.html#method-i-permutation) to
+enumerate these 5040 permutations like so:
+
+```ruby
+[2,3,4,5,6,7,8].permutation.map do |perm|
+  [1, *perm[0..2], 9, *perm[3..7]]
+end.to_a
+=> [[1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 5, 6, 7, 8],
+ [1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 5, 6, 8, 7],
+ [1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 5, 7, 6, 8],
+ [1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 5, 7, 8, 6],
+ [1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 5, 8, 6, 7],
+ [1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 5, 8, 7, 6],
+ [1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 6, 5, 7, 8],
+ ...
+ [1, 8, 7, 6, 9, 5, 3, 2, 4],
+ [1, 8, 7, 6, 9, 5, 3, 4, 2],
+ [1, 8, 7, 6, 9, 5, 4, 2, 3],
+ [1, 8, 7, 6, 9, 5, 4, 3, 2]]
+```

python/define-typed-class-interface-with-protocol.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Define Typed Class Interface With Protocol
+
+In [`py-vmt`](https://github.com/jbranchaud/py-vmt) I am defining different
+storage access layers for the CLI to use. I want a consistent interface that the
+core CLI logic can depend on regardless of whether it is a JSON file or a SQLite
+database. To achieve that I can define a class of unimplemented functions that
+inherits from
+[`typing.Protocol`](https://typing.python.org/en/latest/spec/protocol.html).
+
+```python
+from typing import Protocol
+
+class SessionRepository(Protocol):
+    def active_session(self) -> Session | None: ...
+    def write_active_session(self, session) -> None: ...
+    def append_session(self, session) -> None: ...
+    def all_sessions(self) -> list[Session]: ...
+    def clear_active_session(self) -> None: ...
+```
+
+Notice that none of these have default implementations. The `...` indicates that
+class implementing this protocol will define the implementation of those
+functions.
+
+Now, my `CliContext` class, which needs some kind of `SessionRepository` to
+function can indicate as much in `__init__`.
+
+```python
+class CliContext:
+    def __init__(self, verbose: bool, repo: SessionRepository | None = None) -> None:
+        self.verbose: bool = verbose
+        self.active_session: Session | None = None
+        self.repo: SessionRepository = repo or JsonRepository()
+        self.active_session = self.repo.active_session()
+```
+
+If `JsonRepository` doesn't define all of the methods specified in the protocol,
+then a type error will occur wherever it clashes with `SessionRepository`. Now
+as I implement `SqliteRepository` I have a standard interface to build against
+that I know I can seamlessly swap in.
+
+[source](https://typing.python.org/en/latest/reference/protocols.html#simple-user-defined-protocols)

python/enable-pyright-type-checking-in-cursor.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Enable Pyright Type Checking In Cursor
+
+In most ways [Cursor](https://cursor.com/), a clone of VS Code, behaves like VS
+Code and uses the same extensions as VS Code. It even offers to clone all your
+existing extensions and setup from VS Code when you first install it.
+
+However, the Pyright type checking setup that I had in VS Code stopped working
+when I opened up the same Python project in Cursor. It seems that to get Pyright
+to reliably work with forks of VS Code, you need to use a compatible fork like
+[Based Pyright](https://docs.basedpyright.com/latest/).
+
+Once I installed _Based Pyright_ from the extension marketplace, I was able to
+enable it in `.vscode/settings.json`:
+
+```json
+{
+    ...,
+    "basedpyright.analysis.typeCheckingMode": "basic"
+}
+```
+
+I may have needed to restart Cursor at this point, I cannot remember exactly.
+However, once this setup was in place the helpful type checking errors started
+appearing as red squiggles.

python/make-secure-temp-file-for-atomic-write.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Make Secure Temp File For Atomic Write
+
+Two types of failure modes that can occur while writing to a shared file on the
+file system are 1) a corrupted file due to a crash mid-write and 2) another
+process reading a partial file mid-write.
+
+One way I've handled this in [`py-vmt`](https://github.com/jbranchaud/py-vmt) is
+to perform the write operations on a secure temp file and then use the OS-level
+atomic `rename` operation. I do this by [creating a
+`contextmanager`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/contextlib.html#contextlib.contextmanager)
+that uses
+[`tempfile.mkstemp`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/tempfile.html#tempfile.mkstemp)
+and [`os.replace`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#os.replace).
+
+Here is what the `contextmanager` looks like:
+
+```python
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from pathlib import Path
+import os, tempfile
+
+@contextmanager
+def atomic_write(path: Path):
+    # write to a tmp file in the same directory, then atomically swap it
+    fd, temp_file_path = tempfile.mkstemp(dir=path.parent, suffix=".tmp")
+    try:
+        with os.fdopen(fd, "w") as file:
+            yield file
+        os.replace(temp_file_path, path)
+    except BaseException:
+        os.unlink(temp_file_path)
+        raise
+```
+
+This explicitly creates a secure temp file in the same directory as the given
+path with `.tmp` as the suffix. I then open the file descriptor using the
+`os.fdopen` context manager (which will manage closing the file descriptor for
+me). The `@contextmanager` decorator plus the `yield file` are what allow this
+to be used as a `with` block. Once any file operations are done, then I use
+`os.replace` to atomically swap out the original file with the temp file.
+
+Here is how I use it to write updates to JSON data files:
+
+```python
+def write_active_session(self, session: Session) -> None:
+    with atomic_write(self.active_session_file) as file:
+        json.dump(session.marshal(), file)
+```

python/set-up-pyright-type-checking-in-github.md

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# Set Up Pyright Type Checking In GitHub
+
+As I get into more of a PR workflow with my development of
+[`py-vmt`](https://github.com/jbranchaud/py-vmt), I need to set up some basic CI
+checks in GitHub. For starters I want the same `pyright` type checking that I
+have locally to be run in CI for consistency.
+
+Though my editor is set up to do Pyright type checking as I work locally, I can
+also manually run it with:
+
+```bash
+$ uv run pyright
+```
+
+Pyright will look for the `tool.pyright` section in my `pyproject.toml` file
+which currently looks like the following:
+
+```toml
+[tool.pyright]
+include = ["src", "tests"]
+```
+
+I can get this same type checking in CI for PRs by adding the following
+`.github/workflows/typecheck.yml` file:
+
+```yaml
+name: pyright
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+
+jobs:
+  typecheck:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Install uv
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v3
+        with:
+          enable-cache: true
+
+      - name: Set up Python
+        run: uv python install
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: uv sync --all-extras --dev
+
+      - name: Run pyright
+        run: uv run pyright
+```
+
+This adds a single `typecheck` job that installs `uv`, `python`, and my project
+dependencies, and then runs `uv run pyright` (just like I do locally) to perform
+type checking. If `pyright` discovers any type errors, the job will fail and I
+can view the output of the job to see what needs fixing. Once I have dealt with
+everything, the job will quietly pass with a green check mark.
+
+Here is [the PR](https://github.com/jbranchaud/py-vmt/pull/2) where I added this
+CI job.

python/turn-method-into-cached-property-on-class-instance.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Turn Method Into Cached Property On Class Instance
+
+I have a class that encapsulates a few things including a somewhat expensive
+data lookup from a file on disk. When this class is instantiated, it is
+short-lived and the data that gets pulled from the file on disk is considered
+fresh for the life of the instance.
+
+```python
+class CliContext:
+    def __init__(self, verbose: bool) -> None:
+        # ...
+        self.repo = JsonRepository()
+        # ...
+
+    def session_log(self) -> list[Session]:
+        return self.repo.load_session_log()
+```
+
+Because this method gets called from a couple places during a single lifecycle,
+this class would benefit from caching it via the [`@cached_property`
+decorator](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html#functools.cached_property).
+
+```python
+from functools import cached_property
+
+class CliContext:
+    def __init__(self, verbose: bool) -> None:
+        # ...
+        self.repo = JsonRepository()
+        # ...
+
+    @cached_property
+    def session_log(self) -> list[Session]:
+        return self.repo.load_session_log()
+```
+
+Now `session_log` can be treated like a property instead of a method. That means
+when I want to load and access the session log, I can do `self.session_log` (no
+parentheses) like I would any other property. The first time I reference it, the
+method will run. Then that value will be cached and all subsequent references
+will use that cache.
+
+> Transform a method of a class into a property whose value is computed once and
+> then cached as a normal attribute for the life of the instance.
+
+Of course, anytime we use caching, we can create a footgun for ourselves. We
+have to be careful that our program doesn't evolve in such a way where the
+caching will create a subtle bug due to stale data.

rails/define-conditional-routing-logic-in-routes-file.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Define Conditional Routing Logic In Routes File
+
+I ran into a situation recently where I needed to intercept the behavior a
+common public-facing route in an app. Broadly, the route is for company specific
+rental pages with query parameters that correspond to their available inventory.
+
+What I needed was a way to display a demo version of that rental page ignoring
+everything else about how the request would otherwise be processed, validated,
+and rendered.
+
+Instead of introducing a bunch of weird conditional logic into this already
+complex rental controller, I was able to intercept the request at the routing
+layer when `demo=true` is set and send it to a different controller.
+
+Here is what that section of `config/routes.rb` looks like:
+
+```ruby
+get "rentals/new", to: "rental_demos#show",
+  as: :rental_demo,
+  constraints: ->(request) { request.params[:demo] == "true" }
+
+resources :rentals, only: %i[new create] do
+  # ...
+end
+```
+
+This specifies a `constraint` on the `get` handler matching for a given request.
+If the constraint isn't met, then the route handling logic proceeds where it
+will instead find a match with the original new rentals resource routing.
+
+Now I can reference a version of this URL that includes `demo=true` as a way of
+having an always-available realistic-looking version of the rental page even if
+one of these companies doesn't actively have available inventory.
+
+Those requests will get intercepted by the first matching route handler which
+will send them to the `RentalDemosController` instead of the
+`RentalsController`.

ruby/use-rescue-as-part-of-inline-statement.md

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# Use Rescue As Part Of Inline Statement
+
+In Ruby I typically think of `rescue` as block syntax that I can use to handle
+exceptions.
+
+```ruby
+begin
+  User.update!(password:)
+rescue
+  puts "There was an issue updating the password"
+end
+```
+
+The `rescue` keyword can also be used as part of an inline statement as a way of
+providing a _fallback_ value when the first part of the statement raises.
+
+For instance, if I'm trying to access some value on an array that happens to be
+`nil`, it is going to raise:
+
+```ruby
+> scores.first
+(irb):7:in '<main>': undefined method 'first' for nil (NoMethodError)
+```
+
+I can instead tack on a `rescue 0` which will give it `0` as a fallback value:
+
+```ruby
+> scores.first rescue 0
+=> 0
+```
+
+Of course, there are more idiomatic ways to handle this kind of situation in
+Ruby. Maybe something like this:
+
+```ruby
+> Array(scores).first || 0
+=> 0
+```
+
+Another way I've seen this inline rescue used is to print out the exception
+caused by that line of code, using `$!` (the global variable for the most
+recently raised exception).
+
+```ruby
+> scores.first rescue puts $!
+undefined method 'first' for nil
+=> nil
+```
+
+That is a one-liner for the following:
+
+```ruby
+begin
+  scores.first
+rescue => e
+  puts e
+end
+```
+
+The big caveat that goes with this is the same one that goes with any other
+blanket `rescue` block. If you are indiscriminately rescuing exceptions without
+being intentional about what you are rescuing and why, you could be potentially
+burying exceptions that you need to know about.

unix/deduplicate-list-while-preserving-original-order.md

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# Deduplicate List While Preserving Original Order
+
+Usually when I want to deduplicate a list coming out of some command, I'll reach
+for `sort | uniq`. This is a nice Unix trick where `uniq` removes consecutive
+duplicate lines which relies on `sort` first reorganizing all lines in
+alphabetically sorted order, bringing all duplicate lines together.
+
+The caveat to using `sort | uniq` (or even `sort -u`) is that it will reorder
+entries alphabetically. That means you'll lose the original order, which may
+have been important.
+
+```bash
+❯ echo "red green blue red yellow green blue red green" | tr ' ' '\n' | sort -u
+blue
+green
+red
+yellow
+```
+
+Another approach is to use `awk` which can deduplicate while preserving the
+order of entries as they first appear. This can be done with a pattern that
+records the count of each line in an associative array.
+
+```bash
+❯ echo "red green blue red yellow green blue red green" | tr ' ' '\n' | awk '!seen[$0]++'
+red
+green
+blue
+yellow
+```
+
+The above pattern accepts on the first occurrence of each line and rejects on
+any subsequent occurrences. That is done by adding `$0` (the current line) to
+`seen` (associative array that auto-initializes inline). If it doesn't exist in
+`seen` yet, then `0` is returned which is negated to a truthy value with `!`.
+That entry is then incremented from `0` to `1` via the `++`. As `awk` continues
+to process each line, `seen` is continually added to and incremented. The
+default _action_ for `awk` is to print the line. Those truthy lines are the ones
+that are printed.
+
+An example of where this might be useful is when creating a unique listing of
+all authors of a git repository while maintaining the order that they become
+committers. I wanted to show this with a high-contribution public repo that I
+worked on, so I referenced the [`egghead-next`
+repo](https://github.com/skillrecordings/egghead-next).
+
+```bash
+❯ git log --reverse --format='%an <%ae>' | awk '!seen[$0]++'
+Joel Hooks <joelhooks@gmail.com>
+johnlindquist <johnlindquist@gmail.com>
+John Lindquist <johnlindquist@gmail.com>
+William Johnson <w.alexander.johnson@gmail.com>
+depfu[bot] <23717796+depfu[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
+Evgeniy Nagalskiy <evgeniy.nagalskiy@gmail.com>
+Taylor Bell <taylorbell@gmail.com>
+Maggie Appleton <maggie.fm.appleton@gmail.com>
+John Lindquist <johnlindquist@work.local>
+Vojta Holik <vojta@egghead.io>
+Daniel Miller <dealingwith@gmail.com>
+jh3y <jh3y@users.noreply.github.com>
+Jhey Tompkins <jh3y@users.noreply.github.com>
+Josh Branchaud <jbranchaud@gmail.com>
+Lauro Silva <57044804+laurosilvacom@users.noreply.github.com>
+LB <barth.laurie@gmail.com>
+kodiakhq[bot] <49736102+kodiakhq[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
+dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
+samuelhulick <samuel@samuelhulick.com>
+Ian Jones <jones58ian@gmail.com>
+Zac Jones <zacjones93@gmail.com>
+...
+```

unix/print-out-file-with-bat-without-formatting.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Print Out File With Bat Without Formatting
+
+The [`bat`](https://github.com/sharkdp/bat) utility is my daily driver and
+replacement for anything used `cat` for before. I even have `bat` aliased to
+`cat` so that I never had to rewire my muscle memory for typing `cat`.
+
+Whether or not the creator of `cat` intended it, I'd guess that most terminal
+users' main use case is printing the contents of a file. `bat` does that way
+better with syntax highlighting, line numbers, and some layout formatting that
+puts lines around the output and a heading with the filename.
+
+All this formatting is great when I'm taking a quick look at a file. One way it
+gets in the way is when I'm trying to highlight and copy a few lines to my
+clipboard. Because the terminal is rendering lines, line numbers, and other
+formatting, all that fluff gets included on the clipboard.
+
+For this scenario, I can use the `-p` flag (or `--style=plain`) to print just
+the (syntax-highlighted) file contents without all the extra formatting.
+
+```bash
+bat -p app/models/users.rb
+
+# or
+bat --style=plain app/models/users.rb
+```
+
+Another way I could have approached this was to [ignore the alias of `cat` to
+`bat`](ignore-the-alias-when-running-a-command.md).

workflow/show-all-linear-keyboard-shortcuts.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Show All Linear Keyboard Shortcuts
+
+Linear, the project management software, puts an incredible amount of attention
+to detail into the UX and UI of their app. This includes making the app a power
+tool for power users with tons of keyboard shortcuts.
+
+I'm aware of some of Linear's keyboard shortcuts, but the discoverability of
+many of them is tough.
+
+A great way to list and browse through all of them right in the app is with
+`Cmd+/`.
+
+They are organized into sections that I can scroll through. There is also a
+search box at the top of this _Keyboard Shortcuts_ panel where I can narrow down
+the results to those that match a term.
+
+A few that I'm finding immediately useful are:
+
+- `gi` to go to my _Inbox_ in the current workspace
+- `gm` to go to _My Issues_ in the current workspace
+- `ow` to open a picker to switch between workspaces
+
+Note: the _Keyboard Shortcuts_ panel lists many of the letter-based shortcuts as
+being capitalized. I've found that these don't work when I hold shift. For that
+reason, I've listed the above shortcuts with lowercase letters.