Merge cff6592c4e into 77f3c6a43d

README.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ pairing with smart people at Hashrocket.
 
 For a steady stream of TILs, [sign up for my newsletter](https://crafty-builder-6996.ck.page/e169c61186).
 
-_1514 TILs and counting..._
+_1531 TILs and counting..._
 
 ---
 
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ _1514 TILs and counting..._
 * [Internet](#internet)
 * [Java](#java)
 * [JavaScript](#javascript)
+* [jj](#jj)
 * [jq](#jq)
 * [Kitty](#kitty)
 * [Linux](#linux)
@@ -310,6 +311,7 @@ _1514 TILs and counting..._
 - [Find And Remove Files That Match A Name](git/find-and-remove-files-that-match-a-name.md)
 - [Find The Date That A File Was Added To The Repo](git/find-the-date-that-a-file-was-added-to-the-repo.md)
 - [Find The Initial Commit](git/find-the-initial-commit.md)
+- [Get Latest Commit Timestamp For A File](git/get-latest-commit-timestamp-for-a-file.md)
 - [Get The Name Of The Current Branch](git/get-the-name-of-the-current-branch.md)
 - [Get The Short Version Of The Latest Commit](git/get-the-short-version-of-the-latest-commit.md)
 - [Grab A Single File From A Stash](git/grab-a-single-file-from-a-stash.md)
@@ -397,9 +399,12 @@ _1514 TILs and counting..._
 
 - [Access Go Docs Offline](go/access-go-docs-offline.md)
 - [Build For A Specific OS And Architecture](go/build-for-a-specific-os-and-architecture.md)
+- [Combine Two Slices](go/combine-two-slices.md)
 - [Do Something N Times](go/do-something-n-times.md)
 - [Find Executables Installed By Go](go/find-executables-installed-by-go.md)
 - [Not So Random](go/not-so-random.md)
+- [Parse A String Into Individual Fields](go/parse-a-string-into-individual-fields.md)
+- [Parse Flags From CLI Arguments](go/parse-flags-from-cli-arguments.md)
 - [Replace The Current Process With An External Command](go/replace-the-current-process-with-an-external-command.md)
 - [Sleep For A Duration](go/sleep-for-a-duration.md)
 - [Upgrading From An Older Version On Mac](go/upgrading-from-an-older-version-on-mac.md)
@@ -455,6 +460,7 @@ _1514 TILs and counting..._
 - [Get Random Images From Unsplash](internet/get-random-images-from-unsplash.md)
 - [Search Tweets By Author](internet/search-tweets-by-author.md)
 - [Show All Pivotal Stories With Blockers](internet/show-all-pivotal-stories-with-blockers.md)
+- [Verify Site Ownership With DNS Record](internet/verify-site-ownership-with-dns-record.md)
 
 ### Java
 
@@ -568,6 +574,11 @@ _1514 TILs and counting..._
 - [Yarn Commands Without The Emojis](javascript/yarn-commands-without-the-emojis.md)
 - [Yup Schemas Are Validated Asynchronously](javascript/yup-schemas-are-validated-asynchronously.md)
 
+### jj
+
+- [Colocate jj And git Directories For Project](jj/colocate-jj-and-git-directories-for-project.md)
+- [Find System-wide Config File For User](jj/find-system-wide-config-file-for-user.md)
+
 ### jq
 
 - [Combine An Array Of Objects Into A Single Object](jq/combine-an-array-of-objects-into-a-single-object.md)
@@ -630,6 +641,7 @@ _1514 TILs and counting..._
 - [Specify App When Opening From Command Line](mac/specify-app-when-opening-from-command-line.md)
 - [Use Default Screenshot Shortcuts With CleanShot X](mac/use-default-screenshot-shortcuts-with-cleanshot-x.md)
 - [View All Windows Of The Current App](mac/view-all-windows-of-the-current-app.md)
+- [Write System Clipboard To A File](mac/write-system-clipboard-to-a-file.md)
 
 ### MongoDB
 
@@ -680,6 +692,7 @@ _1514 TILs and counting..._
 - [Fetch Does Not Work In API Serverless Function](nextjs/fetch-does-not-work-in-api-serverless-function.md)
 - [Make Environment Variable Publicly Available](nextjs/make-environment-variable-publicly-available.md)
 - [Match Middleware On Groups Of Paths](nextjs/match-middleware-on-groups-of-paths.md)
+- [Organize Pages In Route Groups](nextjs/organize-pages-in-route-groups.md)
 - [Precedence Of Dot Env Files](nextjs/precedence-of-dot-env-files.md)
 - [Push A Route With A URL Object](nextjs/push-a-route-with-a-url-object.md)
 - [Redirect An Unauthorized User](nextjs/redirect-an-unauthorized-user.md)
@@ -767,6 +780,7 @@ _1514 TILs and counting..._
 - [Escaping String Literals With Dollar Quoting](postgres/escaping-string-literals-with-dollar-quoting.md)
 - [Export Query Results To A CSV](postgres/export-query-results-to-a-csv.md)
 - [Extracting Nested JSON Data](postgres/extracting-nested-json-data.md)
+- [Fetch Specific Number Of Results](postgres/fetch-specific-number-of-results.md)
 - [Find Duplicate Records In Table Without Unique Id](postgres/find-duplicate-records-in-table-without-unique-id.md)
 - [Find Records That Contain Duplicate Values](postgres/find-records-that-contain-duplicate-values.md)
 - [Find Records That Have Multiple Associated Records](postgres/find-records-that-have-multiple-associated-records.md)
@@ -815,6 +829,7 @@ _1514 TILs and counting..._
 - [Manage Major Versions With Brew And Direnv](postgres/manage-major-versions-with-brew-and-direnv.md)
 - [Max Identifier Length Is 63 Bytes](postgres/max-identifier-length-is-63-bytes.md)
 - [Open Heroku Database In Postico From Terminal](postgres/open-heroku-database-in-postico-from-terminal.md)
+- [Output Explain Query Plan In Different Formats](postgres/output-explain-query-plan-in-different-formats.md)
 - [pg Prefix Is Reserved For System Schemas](postgres/pg-prefix-is-reserved-for-system-schemas.md)
 - [Postgres Does Not Support Unsigned Integers](postgres/postgres-does-not-support-unsigned-integers.md)
 - [Prepare, Execute, And Deallocate Statements](postgres/prepare-execute-and-deallocate-statements.md)
@@ -1182,6 +1197,7 @@ _1514 TILs and counting..._
 - [Audit Your Ruby Project For Any CVEs](ruby/audit-your-ruby-project-for-any-cves.md)
 - [Assoc For Hashes](ruby/assoc-for-hashes.md)
 - [Block Comments](ruby/block-comments.md)
+- [Block Syntaxes Have Different Precedence](ruby/block-syntaxes-have-different-precedence.md)
 - [Build HTTP And HTTPS URLs](ruby/build-http-and-https-urls.md)
 - [Chaining Multiple RSpec Change Matchers](ruby/chaining-multiple-rspec-change-matchers.md)
 - [Check For Any Overlaps In List Of Ranges](ruby/check-for-any-overlaps-in-list-of-ranges.md)
@@ -1225,6 +1241,7 @@ _1514 TILs and counting..._
 - [Finding The Source of Ruby Methods](ruby/finding-the-source-of-ruby-methods.md)
 - [Format A Hash Into A String Template](ruby/format-a-hash-into-a-string-template.md)
 - [Forward All Arguments To Another Method](ruby/forward-all-arguments-to-another-method.md)
+- [Gather Positional Arguments In Method Definition](ruby/gather-positional-arguments-in-method-definition.md)
 - [Generate A Signed JWT Token](ruby/generate-a-signed-jwt-token.md)
 - [Generate Ruby Version And Gemset Files With RVM](ruby/generate-ruby-version-and-gemset-files-with-rvm.md)
 - [Get Info About Your RubyGems Environment](ruby/get-info-about-your-ruby-gems-environment.md)
@@ -1292,6 +1309,7 @@ _1514 TILs and counting..._
 - [Specify How Random Array#sample Is](ruby/specify-how-random-array-sample-is.md)
 - [Split A Float Into Its Integer And Decimal](ruby/split-a-float-into-its-integer-and-decimal.md)
 - [Squeeze Out The Extra Space](ruby/squeeze-out-the-extra-space.md)
+- [Stack Heredocs In A Method Call](ruby/stack-heredocs-in-a-method-call.md)
 - [String Interpolation With Instance Variables](ruby/string-interpolation-with-instance-variables.md)
 - [Summing Collections](ruby/summing-collections.md)
 - [Triple Equals: The Case Equality Operator](ruby/triple-equals-the-case-equality-operator.md)
@@ -1495,6 +1513,7 @@ _1514 TILs and counting..._
 - [List Stats For A File](unix/list-stats-for-a-file.md)
 - [List The Available JDKs](unix/list-the-available-jdks.md)
 - [List The Stack Of Remembered Directories](unix/list-the-stack-of-remembered-directories.md)
+- [List TXT DNS Records For A Domain](unix/list-txt-dns-records-for-a-domain.md)
 - [Load Env Vars In Bash Script](unix/load-env-vars-in-bash-script.md)
 - [Look Through All Files That Have Been Git Stashed](unix/look-through-all-files-that-have-been-git-stashed.md)
 - [Make Direnv Less Noisy](unix/make-direnv-less-noisy.md)
@@ -1537,6 +1556,7 @@ _1514 TILs and counting..._
 - [Switch Versions of a Brew Formula](unix/switch-versions-of-a-brew-formula.md)
 - [Tell direnv To Load The Env File](unix/tell-direnv-to-load-the-env-file.md)
 - [Touch Access And Modify Times Individually](unix/touch-access-and-modify-times-individually.md)
+- [Type Fewer Paths With Brace Expansion](unix/type-fewer-paths-with-brace-expansion.md)
 - [Undo Changes Made To Current Terminal Prompt](unix/undo-changes-made-to-current-terminal-prompt.md)
 - [Undo Some Command Line Editing](unix/undo-some-command-line-editing.md)
 - [Unrestrict Where ripgrep Searches](unix/unrestrict-where-ripgrep-searches.md)
@@ -1728,6 +1748,7 @@ _1514 TILs and counting..._
 - [Open An Integrated Terminal Window](vscode/open-an-integrated-terminal-window.md)
 - [Pop Open The Quick Fix Window](vscode/pop-open-the-quick-fix-window.md)
 - [Step Through Project-Wide Search Results](vscode/step-through-project-wide-search-results.md)
+- [Synchronize Vim Clipboard With System Clipboard](vscode/synchronize-vim-clipboard-with-system-clipboard.md)
 - [Toggle Between Terminals](vscode/toggle-between-terminals.md)
 - [Turn Off Display Of Tabs For Files](vscode/turn-off-display-of-tabs-for-files.md)
 

git/get-latest-commit-timestamp-for-a-file.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Get Latest Commit Timestamp For A File
+
+The `git log` command can tell you all the commits that touched a file. That
+can be narrowed down to the latest commit for that file with the `-1` flag. The
+commit that it reports can then be further formatted to with the `--format`
+flag.
+
+The `%ai` format pattern gives the date the commit was authored in an ISO
+8601-like format. The `%aI` (capital `I`) gives the date the commit was
+authored strictly in the ISO 8601 format.
+
+Here are examples of both side by side:
+
+```bash
+❯ git log -1 --format=%ai -- README.md
+2024-10-15 13:59:09 -0500
+
+❯ git log -1 --format=%aI -- README.md
+2024-10-15T13:59:09-05:00
+```
+
+I made use of this in a script where I needed to get an idea of when various
+files were most recently modified.
+
+See `man git-log` and the `PRETTY FORMATS` section for more details.

go/combine-two-slices.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Combine Two Slices
+
+The `append` function can be used to create a new slice with the contents of
+the given slice and one or more items added to the end.
+
+We can add one or more items like so:
+
+```go
+s1 := []int{1, 2, 3, 4}
+s2 := append(s1, 5)
+s3 := append(s2, 6, 7, 8)
+
+fmt.Println(s1) //=> [1 2 3 4]
+fmt.Println(s2) //=> [1 2 3 4 5]
+fmt.Println(s3) //=> [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8]
+```
+
+But what if we have a second slice instead of individual items? We could import
+`slices` and use its `Concat` function. Or we can stick with `append` and
+unpack that slice as a series of arguments into the second part of `append`
+using `slice...`.
+
+```go
+s4 := append(s2, s1...)
+fmt.Println(s4) //=> [1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4]
+```
+
+Here is the full example:
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	s1 := []int{1, 2, 3, 4}
+	s2 := append(s1, 5)
+	s3 := append(s2, 6, 7, 8)
+
+	fmt.Println(s1)
+	fmt.Println(s2)
+	fmt.Println(s3)
+
+	s4 := append(s2, s1...)
+	fmt.Println(s4)
+}
+```
+
+[source](https://pkg.go.dev/builtin#append)

go/parse-a-string-into-individual-fields.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Parse A String Into Individual Fields
+
+Let's say you're reading in data from a file or otherwise dealing with an
+arbitrary string of data. If that string has a series of values separated by
+whitespace, you can parse it into individual fields with
+[`strings.Fields`](https://pkg.go.dev/strings#Fields).
+
+```go
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	data := "3 5 2 6 7 1 9"
+	fields := strings.Fields(data)
+
+	fmt.Printf("Fields: %v", fields)
+	// [3 5 2 6 7 1 9]
+}
+```
+
+Here is another example where we can see that `strings.Fields` deals with
+multiple whitespace and surrounding whitespace:
+
+```go
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	data := "  go  java c++ rust "
+	fields := strings.Fields(data)
+
+	fmt.Printf("%v", fields)
+	// [go java c++ rust]
+}
+```

go/parse-flags-from-cli-arguments.md

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# Parse Flags From CLI Arguments
+
+Though we can grab the arguments to a Go program from `os.Args`, it requires
+some manual parsing. With the built-in `flag` package, we can declare specific
+flags our program accepts, by type. When we parse them, they will be separated
+out from the rest of the positional arguments.
+
+Here is an example of the program that accepts a boolean `debug` flag. This
+will work with either `-debug` or `--debug`.
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	var debug bool
+	flag.BoolVar(&debug, "debug", false, "turns on debug mode, extra logging")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	positionalArgs := flag.Args()
+
+	if len(positionalArgs) < 1 {
+		fmt.Println("Please specify which part to run: 1 or 2")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	if debug {
+		fmt.Println("We are in debug mode...")
+		fmt.Println("Received the following argument:", positionalArgs[0])
+	}
+
+	// ...
+}
+```
+
+We can run the program in debug mode like so:
+
+```bash
+$ go run . --debug 123
+We are in debug mode...
+Received the following argument: 123
+```
+
+We can also take advantage of the `help` flag that we get for free:
+
+```bash
+$ go run . --help
+Usage of /var/folders/62/lx9pcjbs1zbd83zg6twwym2r0000gn/T/go-build3212087168/b001/exe/test:
+  -debug
+        turns on debug mode, extra logging
+```
+
+Note: any recognized flags need to come before any of the position arguments.
+The `debug` flag won't be picked up if we run the program like this:
+
+```bash
+$ go run . 123 --debug
+```
+
+[source](https://pkg.go.dev/flag)

internet/verify-site-ownership-with-dns-record.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Verify Site Ownership With DNS Record
+
+To run your site through Google Search Console and get detailed reports, you
+need to verify that you own the site. There are several manual ways of doing
+this that involve sticking a value unique to your URL in a file or header tag.
+There is a better way though.
+
+By adding a TXT DNS record wherever you domain's DNS is managed, you can prove
+to Google that you own the domain. That verification applies to all paths and
+subdomains of that domain.
+
+Some providers like Cloudflare have a mostly-automated process for this that
+Google can hook into as long as you grant permission via OAuth.
+
+You can also manually create the TXT record if necessary.
+
+Either way, it will look something like:
+
+```bash
+$ dig -t TXT visualmode.dev
+
+;; ANSWER SECTION:
+visualmode.dev.         377     IN      TXT     "google-site-verification=MBZ2S2fhnh2gHRxFniRrYW-O6mdyimJDRFj-f
+vblwtk"
+```
+
+More details are provided in the [Google Search Console
+docs](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/9008080?hl=en#domain_name_verification).

jj/colocate-jj-and-git-directories-for-project.md

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# Colocate jj And git Directories For Project
+
+When doing a standard clone of a git repository with `jj`, you'll get a copy of
+the project with a `.jj` directory containing the version control information.
+
+```bash
+$ jj git clone git@github.com:jbranchaud/my-repo
+Fetching into new repo in "/path/of/local/repo"
+...
+
+$ exa --tree --all -L 1
+.
+├── .gitignore
+├── .jj
+├── Cargo.lock
+├── Cargo.toml
+└── src
+```
+
+This is fine if I'm completely familiar with using
+[jujutsu](https://martinvonz.github.io/jj/latest/). However, if I'm coming from
+`git` and still learning, then it would be nice to be able to fallback to
+familiar `git` commands when needed.
+
+But without a `.git` directory, I get this:
+
+```bash
+$ git log
+fatal: not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
+```
+
+When cloning a git repo with `jj`, I can instruct it to _colocate_ which means
+that it will create both the `.jj` and the `.git` data directories in the
+project.
+
+```bash
+$ jj git clone --colocate git@github.com:jbranchaud/my-repo
+Fetching into new repo in "/path/of/local/repo"
+...
+
+$ exa --tree --all -L 1
+.
+├── .git
+├── .gitignore
+├── .jj
+├── Cargo.lock
+├── Cargo.toml
+└── src
+```
+
+Now I can run `jj` commands or `git` commands:
+
+```bash
+$ git log
+commit 0c72abbb83657096677f9a3d5ddc7bce20839165 (HEAD, origin/trunk, trunk)
+...
+```
+
+[source](https://martinvonz.github.io/jj/latest/git-compatibility/#co-located-jujutsugit-repos)

jj/find-system-wide-config-file-for-user.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Find System-wide Config File For User
+
+The `jj` CLI can be configured in a couple different places. When I recently
+ran a `jj config` command, I was curious where specifically it was getting set.
+Those changes didn't appear in the repo's config (`./.jj/repo/config.toml`).
+That makes sense since it would only apply to that repo. So, where is the
+system-wide config file?
+
+The following commond shows where on your machine it is located.
+
+```bash
+$ jj config path --user
+/Users/jbranchaud/Library/Application Support/jj/config.toml
+```
+
+Now, the next time I set a config like this:
+
+```bash
+$ jj config set --user ui.paginate never
+```
+
+or want to check what other config options are set to, I can visit that path
+and take a look.
+
+[source](https://github.com/martinvonz/jj/blob/main/docs/config.md)

mac/write-system-clipboard-to-a-file.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Write System Clipboard To A File
+
+MacOS has two CLI utilities `pbcopy` and `pbpaste` which, respectively, copy
+_to_ and paste _from_ the system clipboard via the CLI.
+
+Let's say I've just copied a large block of text from somewhere onto my system
+clipboard. I now want to paste that into a new file. Instead of creating a new
+file, opening it up in my preferred editor, pasting all that text, and saving
+the file, I can run one small command from the CLI.
+
+```bash
+$ pbpaste > data.txt
+```
+
+This redirects the contents of `pbpaste` (which is the system clipboard) into
+the file `data.txt`. If that file doesn't already exist, then it will be
+created before the data is written to it.
+
+See `man pbpaste` for more details.

nextjs/organize-pages-in-route-groups.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Organize Pages In Route Groups
+
+With the Next.js App Router we can organize pages without affecting the URL
+path structure by nesting those directories and pages within a _Route Group_. A
+Route Group is directory where the name is surrounded by parentheses, e.g.
+`/(symbols)`.
+
+For instance, in my [Ruby Operator
+Lookup](https://www.visualmode.dev/ruby-operators) project, I have the
+following structure:
+
+```bash
+$ exa --true src/app/ruby-operators
+
+src/app/ruby-operators
+├── (symbols)
+│  ├── ampersand
+│  │  └── page.mdx
+│  ├── arbitrary-keyword-arguments
+│  │  └── page.mdx
+│  ├── asterisk
+│  │  └── page.mdx
+│  ├── at-symbol
+│  │  └── page.mdx
+│  ├── backtick
+│  │  └── page.mdx
+│  ├── ...
+│  └── underscore
+│     └── page.mdx
+├── client-layout.tsx
+├── layout.tsx
+├── page.tsx
+└── wrapper.ts
+```
+
+I'm able to organize all the different symbols and operators under a separate
+directory `/(symbol)/`. That makes development easier. However, the end result
+routing still has each symbol located directly under `/ruby-operators/`, e.g.
+`/ruby-operators/ampersand`.
+
+[source](https://nextjs.org/docs/app/getting-started/project-structure#route-groups)

postgres/fetch-specific-number-of-results.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Fetch Specific Number Of Results
+
+If you pull up just about any intro to PostgreSQL (or even SQL), one of the
+first things they are going to teach you is the `limit` clause. This is taught
+as _the_ way for limiting the result set to a specific number of rows.
+
+```sql
+> select title from books limit 4;
++-----------------------+
+| title                 |
+|-----------------------|
+| The Secret History    |
+| A Gentleman in Moscow |
+| Exhalation: Stores    |
+| Annihilation          |
++-----------------------+
+SELECT 4
+```
+
+You might be as surprised as I was to learn that `limit` is not part of the SQL
+standard. It is extremely common for this use case, but the SQL standard
+defines `fetch first N rows only` as the way to fetch a specific number of
+rows. As we can see, [it works identically to `limit
+N`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-select.html#SQL-LIMIT).
+
+```sql
+> select title from books fetch first 4 rows only;
++-----------------------+
+| title                 |
+|-----------------------|
+| The Secret History    |
+| A Gentleman in Moscow |
+| Exhalation: Stores    |
+| Annihilation          |
++-----------------------+
+SELECT 4
+```
+
+The `rows` and `row` keywords are interchangeable which makes statements more
+readable if, for instance, you're doing `... fetch first 1 row only`.
+
+[source](https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com/en/postgresql-limit-vs-fetch-first-rows-with-ties/)

postgres/output-explain-query-plan-in-different-formats.md

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# Output Explain Query Plan In Different Formats
+
+The output of an [`explain` (or `explain analyze`) query
+plan](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-explain.html) for a given
+query defaults to a `TEXT` format that is meant to be read by a person.
+
+```sql
+> explain (analyze) select title from books where created_at > now() - '1 year'::interval;
+                                           QUERY PLAN
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Seq Scan on books  (cost=0.00..1.28 rows=5 width=32) (actual time=0.011..0.017 rows=22 loops=1)
+   Filter: (created_at > (now() - '1 year'::interval))
+ Planning Time: 0.052 ms
+ Execution Time: 0.027 ms
+(4 rows)
+```
+
+If we instead want the query plan in a standardized format that is parseable
+and readable by a program, we can specify an alternate format like `JSON`,
+`YAML`, or `XML`.
+
+Here is the same plan with `format json`:
+
+```sql
+> explain (analyze, format json) select title from books where created_at > now() - '1 year'::interval;
+                           QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+ [                                                             +
+   {                                                           +
+     "Plan": {                                                 +
+       "Node Type": "Seq Scan",                                +
+       "Parallel Aware": false,                                +
+       "Async Capable": false,                                 +
+       "Relation Name": "books",                               +
+       "Alias": "books",                                       +
+       "Startup Cost": 0.00,                                   +
+       "Total Cost": 1.28,                                     +
+       "Plan Rows": 5,                                         +
+       "Plan Width": 32,                                       +
+       "Actual Startup Time": 0.008,                           +
+       "Actual Total Time": 0.014,                             +
+       "Actual Rows": 22,                                      +
+       "Actual Loops": 1,                                      +
+       "Filter": "(created_at > (now() - '1 year'::interval))",+
+       "Rows Removed by Filter": 0                             +
+     },                                                        +
+     "Planning Time": 0.050,                                   +
+     "Triggers": [                                             +
+     ],                                                        +
+     "Execution Time": 0.023                                   +
+   }                                                           +
+ ]
+(1 row)
+```
+
+I present all four formats for a complex query plan [in this
+Gist](https://gist.github.com/jbranchaud/731b1a68f5cc70c4f7a9e1f5ef570836).

ruby/block-syntaxes-have-different-precedence.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Block Syntaxes Have Different Precedence
+
+There are two syntaxes for defining a block in Ruby. The semantically shorthand
+syntax uses the curly braces (`{}`). The semantically multi-line syntax uses
+`do` and `end`. For nearly all intents and purposes they are interchangable.
+
+It is, however, worth noting that the `do`/`end` version has a lower precedence
+than the already low precedence of `{}`. That said, you have to write some
+weird code for this to become an issue.
+
+Let's say we have two methods, `method_one` and `method_two`. They are both
+called on the same line like below and then followed by a block argument. Which
+method receives the block argument?
+
+```ruby
+method_one method_two { |n|
+  puts "Executing a block: #{n}"
+}
+
+method_one method_two do |n|
+  puts "Executing a block: #{n}"
+end
+```
+
+In the first case, with the curly braces, `method_two` receives the block as an
+argument. In the second case, with the `do`/`end`, `method_one` receives the
+block as an argument.
+
+[source](http://localhost:3131/ruby-operators/curly-braces#block-shorthand)

ruby/find-the-min-and-max-with-a-single-call.md

@@ -21,5 +21,7 @@ at the same time when you call
 
 ```ruby
 list = [3,7,4,15,9,1,2]
+
+list.minmax
 #=> [1,15]
 ```

ruby/gather-positional-arguments-in-method-definition.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Gather Positional Arguments In Method Definition
+
+The `*` symbol can be used in Ruby in a method definition to gather up an
+arbitrary number of positional arguments.
+
+For instance, we can gather all positional arguments with this method
+definition:
+
+```ruby
+def gather_all(*args)
+  puts args
+end
+```
+
+Or we can isolate the first positional arg and then gather the rest:
+
+```ruby
+def first_and_rest(first, *rest)
+  puts "First: #{first}, Rest: #{rest}"
+end
+```
+
+We can even do something a bit more interesting like isolating the first and
+last arguments while gathering up everything else in the middle:
+
+```ruby
+def pop_parens(left, *middle, right)
+  if left != '(' || right != ')'
+    raise "Uh oh!"
+  else
+    if middle.size == 1
+      puts "Found: #{middle.first}"
+    else
+      pop_parens(*middle)
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+Here is what it looks like if we splat some different sets of arguments into
+that method call:
+
+```ruby
+> tokens1 = "((((4))))".split('')
+=> ["(", "(", "(", "(", "4", ")", ")", ")", ")"]
+> tokens2 = "((4))))".split('')
+=> ["(", "(", "4", ")", ")", ")", ")"]
+> pop_parens(*tokens1)
+Found: 4
+=> nil
+> pop_parens(*tokens2)
+(irb):87:in `pop_parens': Uh oh! (RuntimeError)
+```
+
+[source](https://ruby-doc.org/3.3.6/syntax/methods_rdoc.html#label-Array-2FHash+Argument)

ruby/stack-heredocs-in-a-method-call.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Stack Heredocs In A Method Call
+
+When you put a heredoc directly in a method call as an argument, it is only the
+opening identifier that goes in the argument list.
+
+That looks like this:
+
+```ruby
+execute_in_transaction(<<~SQL)
+  update reading_statuses
+  set status = 'abandoned'
+  where started_at < (now() - '2 years'::interval)
+    and finished_at is null;
+SQL
+```
+
+You might imagine then that we can put multiple heredocs in a method call. That
+leads to [_stacked
+heredocs_](https://www.visualmode.dev/ruby-operators/heredoc#stacked-heredocs).
+
+```ruby
+execute_in_transaction(<<~SQL1, <<~SQL2, <<~SQL3)
+  update reading_statuses
+  set status = 'abandoned'
+  where started_at < (now() - '2 years'::interval)
+    and finished_at is null;
+SQL1
+  insert into activity_log (name, description)
+  values ('abandon_books', 'Mark unread books as abandoned');
+SQL2
+  delete from background_jobs
+  where id = #{job_id}; -- better to sanitize values like this
+SQL3
+```
+
+Notice we terminate the body of each heredoc with its closing identifier and
+immediately begin the body of the next one.

unix/list-txt-dns-records-for-a-domain.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# List TXT DNS Records For A Domain
+
+The `dig` command can be used to list specifically the `TXT` DNS records for a
+domain using the `-t TXT` flag like so:
+
+```bash
+$ dig -t TXT visualmode.dev
+
+; <<>> DiG 9.10.6 <<>> -t TXT visualmode.dev
+;; global options: +cmd
+;; Got answer:
+;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 41226
+;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
+
+;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
+; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
+;; QUESTION SECTION:
+;visualmode.dev.                        IN      TXT
+
+;; ANSWER SECTION:
+visualmode.dev.         377     IN      TXT     "v=spf1 include:_spf.mx.cloudflare.net ~all"
+visualmode.dev.         377     IN      TXT     "google-site-verification=MBZ2S2fhnh2gHRxFniRrYW-O6mdyimJDRFj-f
+vblwtk"
+
+;; Query time: 103 msec
+;; SERVER: fe80::7c4b:26ff:fe85:e164%6#53(fe80::7c4b:26ff:fe85:e164%6)
+;; WHEN: Tue Dec 03 12:49:38 CST 2024
+;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 179
+```
+
+This is still rather verbose though. With the `+short` option we can pare down
+the output to the values of any TXT records and nothing else.
+
+```bash
+$ dig -t TXT visualmode.dev +short
+"v=spf1 include:_spf.mx.cloudflare.net ~all"
+"google-site-verification=MBZ2S2fhnh2gHRxFniRrYW-O6mdyimJDRFj-fvblwtk"
+```
+
+Neat! Now I can see that [my domain is correctly identifying itself with Google
+Search Console](internet/verify-site-ownership-with-dns-record.md).
+
+[source](https://serverfault.com/a/148724)

unix/type-fewer-paths-with-brace-expansion.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Type Fewer Paths With Brace Expansion
+
+Bash has a feature called _brace expansion_ that allows us to do a kind of
+shorthand when writing out file paths. We can specify multiple variants
+comma-separated between curly braces and they'll each be expanded into separate
+arguments.
+
+It's easier to understand this by seeing it. If we type the following (don't
+hit `Enter` yet):
+
+```bash
+$ mkdir src/{one,two,three}
+```
+
+And then hit _Tab_:
+
+```bash
+$ mkdir src/one src/two src/three
+```
+
+Bash uses the portion in braces to expand into separate arguments. The part
+outside the braces gets reused for each. That's where we get some savings from
+typing out the same path each time.
+
+Here is another example where we use `mv` to rename a file deeply nested in our
+project:
+
+```bash
+$ mv projects/project1/src/app/utils/{names,constants}.js
+```
+
+We don't even have to _Tab_ it out. We can hit _Enter_ directly and `mv` gets
+both arguments.
+
+Similarly, how about we change the extension of our renamed file:
+
+```bash
+$ mv projects/project1/src/app/utils/constants.{js,ts}
+```
+
+I've always found this feature most useful with paths and filenames, but you
+can do brace expansion with any arguments.
+
+```bash
+$ echo 1{3,1,6,4,9,2,7,5}
+13 11 16 14 19 12 17 15
+```
+
+[source](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Brace-Expansion.html)

vscode/synchronize-vim-clipboard-with-system-clipboard.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Synchronize Vim Clipboard With System Clipboard
+
+When I use Vim-mode in VSCode, I _yank_ text onto the Vim clipboard by visually
+selecting some text and hitting `y`. Then I can move the cursor somewhere else
+in the file (or another file in VSCode) and _paste_ it by hitting `p`.
+
+But what if I want the thing I yanked from a file to be pasted into another
+program, like Chrome? Or if I've copied some text from another program and I
+want to paste it into a file in VSCode?
+
+This cross-program copy and pasting is what the _system clipboard_ on your
+operating system is for. By default, the Vim clipboard is separate from the
+system clipboard. I personally prefer for them to be one and the same.
+
+To achieve this, I added the following line to my VSCode config in
+`settings.json`:
+
+```json
+{
+  "vim.useSystemClipboard": true
+}
+```
+
+It takes a little getting used to having them integrated, but I've done it for
+so long that it is muscle memory. It's hard to not have them integrated now.
+It's even better when I have a clipboard history tool like Raycast available
+for accessing past clipboard values.