Reorder commands: commit before pull --rebase

Co-authored-by: jbranchaud <694063+jbranchaud@users.noreply.github.com>

.gitmodules

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[submodule "notes"]
+	path = notes
+	url = git@github.com:jbranchaud/til-notes-private.git
+	branch = main
+	ignore = all

README.md

@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@ warrant a full blog post. These are things I've picked up by [Learning In
 Public™](https://dev.to/jbranchaud/how-i-built-a-learning-machine-45k9) and
 pairing with smart people at Hashrocket.
 
-For a steady stream of TILs, [sign up for my newsletter](https://crafty-builder-6996.ck.page/e169c61186).
+For a steady stream of TILs, [sign up for my newsletter](https://visualmode.kit.com/newsletter).
 
-_1628 TILs and counting..._
+_1715 TILs and counting..._
 
 See some of the other learning resources I work on:
+
+- [Get Started with Vimium](https://egghead.io/courses/get-started-with-vimium~3t5f7)
 - [Ruby Operator Lookup](https://www.visualmode.dev/ruby-operators)
 - [Vim Un-Alphabet](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL46-cKSxMYYCMpzXo6p0Cof8hJInYgohU)
 
@@ -29,6 +31,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 * [AWS](#aws)
 * [Brew](#brew)
 * [Chrome](#chrome)
+* [Claude Code](#claude-code)
 * [Clojure](#clojure)
 * [CSS](#css)
 * [Deno](#deno)
@@ -38,6 +41,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 * [Elixir](#elixir)
 * [Gatsby](#gatsby)
 * [Git](#git)
+* [GitHub](#github)
 * [GitHub Actions](#github-actions)
 * [Go](#go)
 * [GROQ](#groq)
@@ -80,6 +84,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 * [SQLite](#sqlite)
 * [Streaming](#streaming)
 * [Tailwind CSS](#tailwind-css)
+* [Taskfile](#taskfile)
 * [tmux](#tmux)
 * [TypeScript](#typescript)
 * [Unix](#unix)
@@ -114,6 +119,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 
 - [AWS CLI Requires Groff Executable](aws/aws-cli-requires-groff-executable.md)
 - [Find And Follow Server Logs](aws/find-and-follow-server-logs.md)
+- [List RDS Snapshots With Matching Identifier Prefix](aws/list-rds-snapshots-with-matching-identifier-prefix.md)
 - [Output CLI Results In Different Formats](aws/output-cli-results-in-different-formats.md)
 - [Sign Up User With Email And Password](aws/sign-up-user-with-email-and-password.md)
 - [SSH Into An ECS Container](aws/ssh-into-an-ecs-container.md)
@@ -122,8 +128,10 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 
 ### Brew
 
+- [Clean Up Your Brew Installations](brew/clean-up-your-brew-installations.md)
 - [Configure Brew Environment Variables](brew/configure-brew-environment-variables.md)
 - [Export List Of Everything Installed By Brew](brew/export-list-of-everything-installed-by-brew.md)
+- [Install Go Packages In Brewfile](brew/install-go-packages-in-brewfile.md)
 - [List All Services Managed By Brew](brew/list-all-services-managed-by-brew.md)
 
 ### Chrome
@@ -134,6 +142,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Duplicate The Current Tab](chrome/duplicate-the-current-tab.md)
 - [Easier Access To Network Throttling Controls](chrome/easier-access-to-network-throttling-controls.md)
 - [Keybinding To Focus The Address Bar](chrome/keybinding-to-focus-the-address-bar.md)
+- [Open Current Tab In New Window With Vimium](chrome/open-current-tab-in-new-window-with-vimium.md)
 - [Pause JavaScript From The Source DevTools Panel](chrome/pause-javascript-from-the-source-devtools-panel.md)
 - [Navigate The Browser History With Vimium](chrome/navigate-the-browser-history-with-vimium.md)
 - [Pretty Print Tabular Data](chrome/pretty-print-tabular-data.md)
@@ -146,6 +155,11 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Trigger Commands From The Devtools Command Palette](chrome/trigger-commands-from-the-devtools-command-palette.md)
 - [View Network Traffic For New Tabs](chrome/view-network-traffic-for-new-tabs.md)
 
+### Claude Code
+
+- [Monitor Usage Limits From CLI](claude-code/monitor-usage-limits-from-cli.md)
+- [Open Current Prompt In Default Editor](claude-code/open-current-prompt-in-default-editor.md)
+
 ### Clojure
 
 - [Aggregation Using merge-with](clojure/aggregation-using-merge-with.md)
@@ -199,6 +213,10 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Style A Background With A Linear Gradient](css/style-a-background-with-a-linear-gradient.md)
 - [Using Maps In SCSS](css/using-maps-in-scss.md)
 
+### Cursor
+
+- [Allow Cursor To Be Launched From CLI](cursor/allow-cursor-to-be-launched-from-cli.md)
+
 ### Deno
 
 - [Read In The Contents Of A File](deno/read-in-the-contents-of-a-file.md)
@@ -310,13 +328,17 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Caching Credentials](git/caching-credentials.md)
 - [Change The Start Point Of A Branch](git/change-the-start-point-of-a-branch.md)
 - [Check How A File Is Being Ignored](git/check-how-a-file-is-being-ignored.md)
+- [Check If A File Has Changed In A Script](git/check-if-a-file-has-changed-in-a-script.md)
+- [Check If A File Is Under Version Control](git/check-if-a-file-is-under-version-control.md)
 - [Checking Commit Ancestry](git/checking-commit-ancestry.md)
 - [Checkout Old Version Of A File](git/checkout-old-version-of-a-file.md)
 - [Checkout Previous Branch](git/checkout-previous-branch.md)
 - [Cherry Pick A Range Of Commits](git/cherry-pick-a-range-of-commits.md)
+- [Cherry Pick Multiple Commits At Once](git/cherry-pick-multiple-commits-at-once.md)
 - [Clean Out All Local Branches](git/clean-out-all-local-branches.md)
 - [Clean Out Working Copy With Patched Restore](git/clean-out-working-copy-with-patched-restore.md)
 - [Clean Up Old Remote Tracking References](git/clean-up-old-remote-tracking-references.md)
+- [Clear Entries From Git Stash](git/clear-entries-from-git-stash.md)
 - [Clone A Repo Just For The Files, Without History](git/clone-a-repo-just-for-the-files-without-history.md)
 - [Clone A Repo Locally From .git](git/clone-a-repo-locally-from-git.md)
 - [Configure Global gitignore File](git/configure-global-gitignore-file.md)
@@ -331,6 +353,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Dropping Commits With Git Rebase](git/dropping-commits-with-git-rebase.md)
 - [Dry Runs in Git](git/dry-runs-in-git.md)
 - [Exclude A File From A Diff Output](git/exclude-a-file-from-a-diff-output.md)
+- [Exclude A Directory During A Command](git/exclude-a-directory-during-a-command.md)
 - [Excluding Files Locally](git/excluding-files-locally.md)
 - [Extend Git With Custom Commands](git/extend-git-with-custom-commands.md)
 - [Files With Local Changes Cannot Be Removed](git/files-with-local-changes-cannot-be-removed.md)
@@ -345,6 +368,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Grep For A Pattern On Another Branch](git/grep-for-a-pattern-on-another-branch.md)
 - [Grep Over Commit Messages](git/grep-over-commit-messages.md)
 - [Highlight Extra Whitespace In Diff Output](git/highlight-extra-whitespace-in-diff-output.md)
+- [Highlight Small Change On Single Line](git/highlight-small-change-on-single-line.md)
 - [Ignore Changes To A Tracked File](git/ignore-changes-to-a-tracked-file.md)
 - [Ignore Files Specific To Your Workflow](git/ignore-files-specific-to-your-workflow.md)
 - [Include A Message With Your Stashed Changes](git/include-a-message-with-your-stashed-changes.md)
@@ -357,6 +381,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Last Commit A File Appeared In](git/last-commit-a-file-appeared-in.md)
 - [List All Files Added During Span Of Time](git/list-all-files-added-during-span-of-time.md)
 - [List All Files Changed Between Two Branches](git/list-all-files-changed-between-two-branches.md)
+- [List All Git Aliases From gitconfig](git/list-all-git-aliases-from-gitconfig.md)
 - [List Branches That Contain A Commit](git/list-branches-that-contain-a-commit.md)
 - [List Commits On A Branch](git/list-commits-on-a-branch.md)
 - [List Different Commits Between Two Branches](git/list-different-commits-between-two-branches.md)
@@ -379,10 +404,12 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Renaming A Branch](git/renaming-a-branch.md)
 - [Resetting A Reset](git/resetting-a-reset.md)
 - [Resolve A Merge Conflict From Stash Pop](git/resolve-a-merge-conflict-from-stash-pop.md)
+- [Restore File From One Branch To The Current](git/restore-file-from-one-branch-to-the-current.md)
 - [Review Commits From Before A Certain Date](git/review-commits-from-before-a-certain-date.md)
 - [Run A Git Command From Outside The Repo](git/run-a-git-command-from-outside-the-repo.md)
 - [Set A Custom Pager For A Specific Command](git/set-a-custom-pager-for-a-specific-command.md)
 - [Set Default Branch Name For New Repos](git/set-default-branch-name-for-new-repos.md)
+- [Set Up GPG Signing Key](git/set-up-gpg-signing-key.md)
 - [Shorthand To Force Push A Branch](git/shorthand-to-force-push-a-branch.md)
 - [Show All Commits For A File Beyond Renaming](git/show-all-commits-for-a-file-beyond-renaming.md)
 - [Show Changes For Files That Match A Pattern](git/show-changes-for-files-that-match-a-pattern.md)
@@ -390,6 +417,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Show File Diffs When Viewing Git Log](git/show-file-diffs-when-viewing-git-log.md)
 - [Show List Of Most Recently Committed Branches](git/show-list-of-most-recently-committed-branches.md)
 - [Show Only Commits That Touch Specific Lines](git/show-only-commits-that-touch-specific-lines.md)
+- [Show Summary Stats For Current Branch](git/show-summary-stats-for-current-branch.md)
 - [Show The diffstat Summary Of A Commit](git/show-the-diffstat-summary-of-a-commit.md)
 - [Show The Good And The Bad With Git Bisect](git/show-the-good-and-the-bad-with-git-bisect.md)
 - [Show What Is In A Stash](git/show-what-is-in-a-stash.md)
@@ -418,6 +446,13 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [What Is The Current Branch?](git/what-is-the-current-branch.md)
 - [Whitespace Warnings](git/whitespace-warnings.md)
 
+### GitHub
+
+- [Access Your GitHub Profile Photo](github/access-your-github-profile-photo.md)
+- [Open A PR To An Unforked Repo](github/open-a-pr-to-an-unforked-repo.md)
+- [Target Another Repo When Creating A PR](github/target-another-repo-when-creating-a-pr.md)
+- [Tell gh What The Default Repo Is](github/tell-gh-what-the-default-repo-is.md)
+
 ### GitHub Actions
 
 - [Cache Playwright Dependencies Across Workflows](github-actions/cache-playwright-dependencies-across-workflows.md)
@@ -471,11 +506,13 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Open Dashboard For Specific Add-On](heroku/open-dashboard-for-specific-add-on.md)
 - [Run SQL Against Remote Postgres Database](heroku/run-sql-against-remote-postgres-database.md)
 - [Set And Show Heroku Env Variables](heroku/set-and-show-heroku-env-variables.md)
+- [Specify Default Team And App For Project](heroku/specify-default-team-and-app-for-project.md)
 - [SSH Into Heroku Server Hosting App](heroku/ssh-into-heroku-server-hosting-app.md)
 
 ### HTML
 
 - [Adding Alt Text To An Image](html/adding-alt-text-to-an-image.md)
+- [Allow Number Input To Accept Decimal Values](html/allow-number-input-to-accept-decimal-values.md)
 - [Determine Which Button Submitted The Form](html/determine-which-button-submitted-the-form.md)
 - [Disable Auto-Completion For A Form Input](html/disable-auto-completion-for-a-form-input.md)
 - [Disclose Additional Details](html/disclose-additional-details.md)
@@ -554,6 +591,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Find Where Yarn Is Installing Binaries](javascript/find-where-yarn-is-installing-binaries.md)
 - [for...in Iterates Over Object Properties](javascript/for-in-iterates-over-object-properties.md)
 - [Format A Decimal To A Fixed Number Of Digits](javascript/format-a-decimal-to-a-fixed-number-of-digits.md)
+- [Format A List Of Items By Locale](javascript/format-a-list-of-items-by-locale.md)
 - [Format Time Zone Identifier](javascript/format-time-zone-identifier.md)
 - [Formatting Values With Units For Display](javascript/formatting-values-with-units-for-display.md)
 - [Freeze An Object, Sorta](javascript/freeze-an-object-sorta.md)
@@ -627,7 +665,9 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 ### jj
 
 - [Colocate jj And git Directories For Project](jj/colocate-jj-and-git-directories-for-project.md)
+- [Describe Current Changes And Create New Change](jj/describe-current-changes-and-create-new-change.md)
 - [Find System-wide Config File For User](jj/find-system-wide-config-file-for-user.md)
+- [Squash Changes Into Parent Commit Interactively](jj/squash-changes-into-parent-commit-interactively.md)
 
 ### jq
 
@@ -669,18 +709,24 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Access All Screen And Video Capture Options](mac/access-all-screen-and-video-capture-options.md)
 - [Access System Information On OS X](mac/access-system-information-on-osx.md)
 - [Access Unsupported Screen Resolutions With RDM](mac/access-unsupported-screen-resolutions-with-rdm.md)
+- [Add A Bunch Of CLI Utilities With coreutils](mac/add-a-bunch-of-cli-utilities-with-coreutils.md)
+- [Capture Screenshot To Clipboard From CLI](mac/capture-screenshot-to-clipboard-from-cli.md)
 - [Check Network Quality Stats From The Command Line](mac/check-network-quality-stats-from-the-command-line.md)
 - [Clean Up Old Homebrew Files](mac/clean-up-old-homebrew-files.md)
 - [Convert An HEIC Image File To JPG](mac/convert-an-heic-image-file-to-jpg.md)
 - [Default Screenshot Location](mac/default-screenshot-location.md)
+- [Detect How Long A User Has Been Idle](mac/detect-how-long-a-user-has-been-idle.md)
 - [Disable Swipe Navigation For A Specific App](mac/disable-swipe-navigation-for-a-specific-app.md)
 - [Display A Message With Alfred](mac/display-a-message-with-alfred.md)
 - [Find The Process Using A Specific Port](mac/find-the-process-using-a-specific-port.md)
 - [Gesture For Viewing All Windows Of Current App](mac/gesture-for-viewing-all-windows-of-current-app.md)
 - [Insert A Non-Breaking Space Character](mac/insert-a-non-breaking-space-character.md)
+- [Inspect Assertions Preventing Sleep](mac/inspect-assertions-preventing-sleep.md)
 - [Keyboard Shortcuts For Interesting With Text Areas](mac/keyboard-shortcuts-for-interacting-with-text-areas.md)
+- [Launch Some Confetti](mac/launch-some-confetti.md)
 - [List All The Say Voices](mac/list-all-the-say-voices.md)
 - [Open Finder.app To Specific Directory](mac/open-finder-app-to-specific-directory.md)
+- [Prevent Sleep With The Caffeinate Command](mac/prevent-sleep-with-the-caffeinate-command.md)
 - [Quickly Type En Dashes And Em Dashes](mac/quickly-type-en-dashes-and-em-dashes.md)
 - [Require Additional JS Libraries In Postman](mac/require-additional-js-libraries-in-postman.md)
 - [Resize App Windows With AppleScript](mac/resize-app-windows-with-applescript.md)
@@ -721,6 +767,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Doing Date Math](mysql/doing-date-math.md)
 - [Dump A Database To A File](mysql/dump-a-database-to-a-file.md)
 - [Echo A Message From A SQL File](mysql/echo-a-message-from-a-sql-file.md)
+- [Get Idea Of What Is In A JSON Column](mysql/get-idea-of-what-is-in-a-json-column.md)
 - [Ignore Duplicates When Inserting Records](mysql/ignore-duplicates-when-inserting-records.md)
 - [List Databases And Tables](mysql/list-databases-and-tables.md)
 - [Run Statements In A Transaction](mysql/run-statements-in-a-transaction.md)
@@ -734,7 +781,9 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 
 - [Allow Neovim To Copy/Paste With System Clipboard](neovim/allow-neovim-to-copy-paste-with-system-clipboard.md)
 - [Create User Command To Open Init Config](neovim/create-user-command-to-open-init-config.md)
+- [Jump Between Changes In Current File](neovim/jump-between-changes-in-current-file.md)
 - [Run A Lua Statement From The Command Prompt](neovim/run-a-lua-statement-from-the-command-prompt.md)
+- [Run nvim With Factory Defaults](neovim/run-nvim-with-factory-defaults.md)
 - [Set Up Vim-Plug With Neovim](neovim/set-up-vim-plug-with-neovim.md)
 
 ### Netlify
@@ -772,6 +821,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 
 ### Planetscale
 
+- [See What Databases You Have Access To](planetscale/see-what-databases-you-have-access-to.md)
 - [Seed Production Data Into Another Branch](planetscale/seed-production-data-into-another-branch.md)
 
 ### pnpm
@@ -798,6 +848,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Check If The Local Server Is Running](postgres/check-if-the-local-server-is-running.md)
 - [Check If User Role Exists For Database](postgres/check-if-user-role-exists-for-database.md)
 - [Check Table For Any Oprhaned Records](postgres/check-table-for-any-orphaned-records.md)
+- [Check The Size Of Databases In A Cluster](postgres/check-the-size-of-databases-in-a-cluster.md)
 - [Checking Inequality](postgres/checking-inequality.md)
 - [Checking The Type Of A Value](postgres/checking-the-type-of-a-value.md)
 - [Clear The Screen In psql](postgres/clear-the-screen-in-psql.md)
@@ -818,6 +869,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Create A Table From The Structure Of Another](postgres/create-a-table-from-the-structure-of-another.md)
 - [Create An Index Across Two Columns](postgres/create-an-index-across-two-columns.md)
 - [Create An Index Without Locking The Table](postgres/create-an-index-without-locking-the-table.md)
+- [Create And Execute SQL Statements With \gexec](postgres/create-and-execute-sql-statements-with-gexec.md)
 - [Create Database Uses Template1](postgres/create-database-uses-template1.md)
 - [Create hstore From Two Arrays](postgres/create-hstore-from-two-arrays.md)
 - [Create Table Adds A Data Type](postgres/create-table-adds-a-data-type.md)
@@ -901,6 +953,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Prevent A Query From Running Too Long](postgres/prevent-a-query-from-running-too-long.md)
 - [Print The Query Buffer In psql](postgres/print-the-query-buffer-in-psql.md)
 - [Put Unique Constraint On Generated Column](postgres/put-unique-constraint-on-generated-column.md)
+- [References Target Primary Key By Default](postgres/references-target-primary-key-by-default.md)
 - [Remove Not Null Constraint From A Column](postgres/remove-not-null-constraint-from-a-column.md)
 - [Renaming A Sequence](postgres/renaming-a-sequence.md)
 - [Renaming A Table](postgres/renaming-a-table.md)
@@ -911,6 +964,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Set Inclusion With hstore](postgres/set-inclusion-with-hstore.md)
 - [Set A Seed For The Random Number Generator](postgres/set-a-seed-for-the-random-number-generator.md)
 - [Set A Statement Timeout Threshold For A Session](postgres/set-a-statement-timeout-threshold-for-a-session.md)
+- [Set Up A Project-Local Cluster With Postgres.app](postgres/set-up-a-project-local-cluster-with-postgres-app.md)
 - [Sets With The Values Command](postgres/sets-with-the-values-command.md)
 - [Shorthand Absolute Value Operator](postgres/shorthand-absolute-value-operator.md)
 - [Show All Versions Of An Operator](postgres/show-all-versions-of-an-operator.md)
@@ -1016,6 +1070,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Comparing DateTimes Down To Second Precision](rails/comparing-datetimes-down-to-second-precision.md)
 - [Conditional Class Selectors in Haml](rails/conditional-class-selectors-in-haml.md)
 - [Convert A Symbol To A Constant](rails/convert-a-symbol-to-a-constant.md)
+- [Convert JSON Field To Hash With Indifferent Access](rails/convert-json-field-to-hash-with-indifferent-access.md)
 - [Count The Number Of Records By Attribute](rails/count-the-number-of-records-by-attribute.md)
 - [Create A Custom Named References Column](rails/create-a-custom-named-references-column.md)
 - [Create A Join Table With The Migration DSL](rails/create-a-join-table-with-the-migration-dsl.md)
@@ -1023,6 +1078,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Creating Records of Has_One Associations](rails/creating-records-of-has-one-associations.md)
 - [Custom Validation Message](rails/custom-validation-message.md)
 - [Customize Paths And Helpers For Devise Routes](rails/customize-paths-and-helpers-for-devise-routes.md)
+- [Customize Template For New Schema Migration](rails/customize-template-for-new-schema-migration.md)
 - [Customize The Path Of A Resource Route](rails/customize-the-path-of-a-resource-route.md)
 - [Define The Root Path For The App](rails/define-the-root-path-for-the-app.md)
 - [Delete Paranoid Records](rails/delete-paranoid-records.md)
@@ -1035,10 +1091,13 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Ensure A Rake Task Cannot Write Data](rails/ensure-a-rake-task-cannot-write-data.md)
 - [Ensure Migrations Use The Latest Schema](rails/ensure-migrations-use-the-latest-schema.md)
 - [Ensure Record Saved With after_commit Callback](rails/ensure-record-saved-with-after-commit-callback.md)
+- [Filter ActiveModel Validation Errors](rails/filter-active-model-validation-errors.md)
 - [Filter ActiveStorage Blobs To Only Images](rails/filter-active-storage-blobs-to-only-images.md)
 - [Find Or Create A Record With FactoryBot](rails/find-or-create-a-record-with-factory-bot.md)
 - [Find Records With Multiple Associated Records](rails/find-records-with-multiple-associated-records.md)
 - [Force All Users To Sign Out](rails/force-all-users-to-sign-out.md)
+- [Format DateTime With Builtin Formats](rails/format-datetime-with-builtin-formats.md)
+- [Format Specific html.erb Template Files](rails/format-specific-html-erb-template-files.md)
 - [Generate A Model](rails/generate-a-model.md)
 - [Generate A Rails App From The Main Branch](rails/generate-a-rails-app-from-the-main-branch.md)
 - [Generating And Executing SQL](rails/generating-and-executing-sql.md)
@@ -1068,6 +1127,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Make A String Attribute Easy To Inquire About](rails/make-a-string-attribute-easy-to-inquire-about.md)
 - [Make ActionMailer Synchronous In Test](rails/make-action-mailer-synchronous-in-test.md)
 - [Make Remove Column Migration Reversible](rails/make-remove-column-migration-reversible.md)
+- [Manage Timestamps With Upsert](rails/manage-timestamps-with-upsert.md)
 - [Manually Run A Migration From Rails Console](rails/manually-run-a-migration-from-rails-console.md)
 - [Mark For Destruction](rails/mark-for-destruction.md)
 - [Mask An ActiveRecord Attribute](rails/mask-an-activerecord-attribute.md)
@@ -1076,6 +1136,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Mock Rails Environment With An Inquiry Instance](rails/mock-rails-environment-with-an-inquiry-instance.md)
 - [Order Matters For `rescue_from` Blocks](rails/order-matters-for-rescue-from-blocks.md)
 - [Override Text Displayed By Form Label](rails/override-text-displayed-by-form-label.md)
+- [Parameterize A String With Underscores](rails/parameterize-a-string-with-underscores.md)
 - [Params Includes Submission Button Info](rails/params-includes-submission-button-info.md)
 - [Params Is A Hash With Indifferent Access](rails/params-is-a-hash-with-indifferent-access.md)
 - [Parse Query Params From A URL](rails/parse-query-params-from-a-url.md)
@@ -1084,7 +1145,9 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Polymorphic Path Helpers](rails/polymorphic-path-helpers.md)
 - [Prefer select_all Over execute For Read Queries](rails/prefer-select-all-over-execute-for-read-queries.md)
 - [Pretend Generations](rails/pretend-generations.md)
+- [Prevent Mailer Previews From Cluttering Database](rails/prevent-mailer-previews-from-cluttering-database.md)
 - [Prevent Writes With A Sandboxed Rails Console](rails/prevent-writes-with-a-sandboxed-rails-console.md)
+- [Provide Fake Form Helper To Controllers](rails/provide-fake-form-helper-to-controllers.md)
 - [Query A Single Value From The Database](rails/query-a-single-value-from-the-database.md)
 - [Read In Environment-Specific Config Values](rails/read-in-environment-specific-config-values.md)
 - [Read-Only Models](rails/read-only-models.md)
@@ -1104,9 +1167,12 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Rounding Numbers With Precision](rails/rounding-numbers-with-precision.md)
 - [Run A Rake Task Programmatically](rails/run-a-rake-task-programmatically.md)
 - [Run Commands With Specific Rails Version](rails/run-commands-with-specific-rails-version.md)
+- [Run Dev Processes With Overmind Instead Of Foreman](rails/run-dev-processes-with-overmind-instead-of-foreman.md)
+- [Run Rails Console With Remote Dokku App](rails/run-rails-console-with-remote-dokku-app.md)
 - [Run Some Code Whenever Rails Console Starts](rails/run-some-code-whenever-rails-console-starts.md)
 - [Scaffold Auth Functionality With Rails 8 Generator](rails/scaffold-auth-functionality-with-rails-8-generator.md)
 - [Schedule Sidekiq Jobs Out Into The Future](rails/schedule-sidekiq-jobs-out-into-the-future.md)
+- [Scope Records To A Lower Or Upper Bound](rails/scope-records-to-a-lower-or-upper-bound.md)
 - [Secure Passwords With Rails And Bcrypt](rails/secure-passwords-with-rails-and-bcrypt.md)
 - [Select A Select By Selector](rails/select-a-select-by-selector.md)
 - [Select A Specific Rails Version To Install](rails/select-a-specific-rails-version-to-install.md)
@@ -1135,6 +1201,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Update Column Versus Update Attribute](rails/update-column-versus-update-attribute.md)
 - [Upgrading Your Manifest For Sprocket's 4](rails/upgrading-your-manifest-for-sprockets-4.md)
 - [Use IRB And Ruby Flags With Rails Console](rails/use-irb-and-ruby-flags-with-rails-console.md)
+- [Use .ruby Extension For Template File](rails/use-ruby-extension-for-template-file.md)
 - [Useful ActiveSupport Constants For Durations](rails/useful-active-support-constants-for-durations.md)
 - [Validate Column Data With Check Constraints](rails/validate-column-data-with-check-constraints.md)
 - [Verify And Read A Signed Cookie Value](rails/verify-and-read-a-signed-cookie-value.md)
@@ -1274,8 +1341,9 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Add Progress Reporting To Long-Running Script](ruby/add-progress-reporting-to-long-running-script.md)
 - [Are They All True?](ruby/are-they-all-true.md)
 - [Assert About An Object's Attributes With RSpec](ruby/assert-about-an-objects-attributes-with-rspec.md)
-- [Audit Your Ruby Project For Any CVEs](ruby/audit-your-ruby-project-for-any-cves.md)
 - [Assoc For Hashes](ruby/assoc-for-hashes.md)
+- [Audit Your Ruby Project For Any CVEs](ruby/audit-your-ruby-project-for-any-cves.md)
+- [Avoid Double Negation With Minitest Refute](ruby/avoid-double-negation-with-minitest-refute.md)
 - [Block Comments](ruby/block-comments.md)
 - [Block Syntaxes Have Different Precedence](ruby/block-syntaxes-have-different-precedence.md)
 - [Build HTTP And HTTPS URLs](ruby/build-http-and-https-urls.md)
@@ -1295,8 +1363,11 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Create a CSV::Table Object](ruby/create-a-csv-table-object.md)
 - [Create A Hash From An Array Of Arrays](ruby/create-a-hash-from-an-array-of-arrays.md)
 - [Create Listing Of All Middleman Pages](ruby/create-listing-of-all-middleman-pages.md)
+- [Create Mock Class That Can Be Overridden](ruby/create-mock-class-that-can-be-overridden.md)
+- [Create A Module Of Utility Functions](ruby/create-a-module-of-utility-functions.md)
 - [Create Named Structs With Struct.new](ruby/create-named-structs-with-struct-new.md)
 - [Create Thumbnail Image For A PDF](ruby/create-thumbnail-image-for-a-pdf.md)
+- [Decompose Unicode Character With Diacritic Mark](ruby/decompose-unicode-character-with-diacritic-mark.md)
 - [Defaulting To Frozen String Literals](ruby/defaulting-to-frozen-string-literals.md)
 - [Define A Custom RSpec Matcher](ruby/define-a-custom-rspec-matcher.md)
 - [Define A Method On A Struct](ruby/define-a-method-on-a-struct.md)
@@ -1328,6 +1399,8 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Generate A Signed JWT Token](ruby/generate-a-signed-jwt-token.md)
 - [Generate Ruby Version And Gemset Files With RVM](ruby/generate-ruby-version-and-gemset-files-with-rvm.md)
 - [Get Info About Your RubyGems Environment](ruby/get-info-about-your-ruby-gems-environment.md)
+- [Get Specific Values From Arrays And Hashes](ruby/get-specific-values-from-hashes-and-arrays.md)
+- [Get The Names Of The Month](ruby/get-the-names-of-the-month.md)
 - [Get The Output Of Running A System Program](ruby/get-the-output-of-running-a-system-program.md)
 - [Get UTC Offset For Different Time Zones](ruby/get-utc-offset-for-different-time-zones.md)
 - [Identify Outdated Gems](ruby/identify-outdated-gems.md)
@@ -1335,15 +1408,18 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Iterate With An Offset Index](ruby/iterate-with-an-offset-index.md)
 - [Include Extra Context In A Honeybadger Notify](ruby/include-extra-context-in-a-honeybadger-notify.md)
 - [Ins And Outs Of Pry](ruby/ins-and-outs-of-pry.md)
+- [Install And Require Gems Inline Without Gemfile](ruby/install-and-require-gems-inline-without-gemfile.md)
 - [Install Latest Version Of Ruby With asdf](ruby/install-latest-version-of-ruby-with-asdf.md)
 - [Invoking Rake Tasks Multiple Times](ruby/invoking-rake-tasks-multiple-times.md)
 - [IRB Has Built-In Benchmarking With Ruby 3](ruby/irb-has-built-in-benchmarking-with-ruby-3.md)
+- [Join URI Path Parts](ruby/join-uri-path-parts.md)
 - [Jump Out Of A Nested Context With Throw/Catch](ruby/jump-out-of-a-nested-context-with-throw-catch.md)
 - [Last Raised Exception In The Call Stack](ruby/last-raised-exception-in-the-call-stack.md)
 - [Limit Split](ruby/limit-split.md)
 - [List The Running Ruby Version](ruby/list-the-running-ruby-version.md)
 - [Listing Local Variables](ruby/listing-local-variables.md)
 - [Make An Executable Ruby Script](ruby/make-an-executable-ruby-script.md)
+- [Make Structs Easier To Use With Keyword Initialization](ruby/make-structs-easier-to-use-with-keyword-initialization.md)
 - [Map With Index Over An Array](ruby/map-with-index-over-an-array.md)
 - [Mock Method Chain Calls With RSpec](ruby/mock-method-chain-calls-with-rspec.md)
 - [Mocking Requests With Partial URIs Using Regex](ruby/mocking-requests-with-partial-uris-using-regex.md)
@@ -1370,6 +1446,8 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Rake Only Lists Tasks With Descriptions](ruby/rake-only-lists-tasks-with-descriptions.md)
 - [Read The First Line From A File](ruby/read-the-first-line-from-a-file.md)
 - [Refer To Implicit Block Argument With It](ruby/refer-to-implicit-block-argument-with-it.md)
+- [Reference Hash Key With Safe Navigation](ruby/reference-hash-key-with-safe-navigation.md)
+- [Regenerate Lock File With Newer Bundler](ruby/regenerate-lock-file-with-newer-bundler.md)
 - [Rendering ERB](ruby/rendering-erb.md)
 - [Replace The Current Process With An External Command](ruby/replace-the-current-process-with-an-external-command.md)
 - [Require Entire Gemfile In Pry Session](ruby/require-entire-gemfile-in-pry-session.md)
@@ -1384,6 +1462,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Scripting With RVM](ruby/scripting-with-rvm.md)
 - [Scroll To Top Of Page With Capybara](ruby/scroll-to-top-of-page-with-capybara.md)
 - [Search For Gem Versions Available To Install](ruby/search-for-gem-versions-available-to-install.md)
+- [Set Default Tasks For Rake To Run](ruby/set-default-tasks-for-rake-to-run.md)
 - [Set RVM Default Ruby](ruby/set-rvm-default-ruby.md)
 - [Shift The Month On A Date Object](ruby/shift-the-month-on-a-date-object.md)
 - [Show Public Methods With Pry](ruby/show-public-methods-with-pry.md)
@@ -1428,6 +1507,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [OSX sed Does Regex A Bit Different](sed/osx-sed-does-regex-a-bit-different.md)
 - [Output Only Lines Involved In A Substitution](sed/output-only-lines-involved-in-a-substitution.md)
 - [Reference A Capture In The Regex](sed/reference-a-capture-in-the-regex.md)
+- [Reference The Full Match In The Replacement](sed/reference-the-full-match-in-the-replacement.md)
 - [Use An Alternative Delimiter In A Substitution](sed/use-an-alternative-delimiter-in-a-substitution.md)
 
 ### Shell
@@ -1448,12 +1528,19 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 
 - [Apply Tailwind Classes To Existing CSS Class](tailwind/apply-tailwind-classes-to-existing-css-class.md)
 - [Base Styles For Text Link](tailwind/base-styles-for-text-link.md)
+- [Disable And Enable A Button](tailwind/disable-and-enable-a-button.md)
 - [Specify Paths For Purging Unused CSS](tailwind/specify-paths-for-purging-unused-css.md)
 - [Use Tailwind Typography Prose In Dark Mode](tailwind/use-tailwind-typography-prose-in-dark-mode.md)
 
+### Taskfile
+
+- [Create Interactive Picker For Set Of Subtasks](taskfile/create-interactive-picker-for-set-of-subtasks.md)
+- [Run A Task If It Meets Criteria](taskfile/run-a-task-if-it-meets-criteria.md)
+
 ### tmux
 
 - [Access Past Copy Buffer History](tmux/access-past-copy-buffer-history.md)
+- [Add Bindings To Split Panes To Current Directory](tmux/add-bindings-to-split-panes-to-current-directory.md)
 - [Adjusting Window Pane Size](tmux/adjusting-window-pane-size.md)
 - [Break Current Pane Out To Separate Window](tmux/break-current-pane-out-to-separate-window.md)
 - [Change Base Directory Of Existing Session](tmux/change-base-directory-of-existing-session.md)
@@ -1483,6 +1570,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Reset An Option Back To Its Default Value](tmux/reset-an-option-back-to-its-default-value.md)
 - [Set Environment Variables When Creating Session](tmux/set-environment-variables-when-creating-session.md)
 - [Set Session Specific Environment Variables](tmux/set-session-specific-environment-variables.md)
+- [Set Up Forwarding Prefix For Nested Session](tmux/set-up-forwarding-prefix-for-nested-session.md)
 - [Show The Current Value For An Option](tmux/show-the-current-value-for-an-option.md)
 - [Swap Split Panes](tmux/swap-split-panes.md)
 - [Switch To A Specific Session And Window](tmux/switch-to-a-specific-session-and-window.md)
@@ -1516,6 +1604,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 ### Unix
 
 - [All The Environment Variables](unix/all-the-environment-variables.md)
+- [Authorize A cURL Request](unix/authorize-a-curl-request.md)
 - [Cat A File With Line Numbers](unix/cat-a-file-with-line-numbers.md)
 - [Cat Files With Color Using Bat](unix/cat-files-with-color-using-bat.md)
 - [Change Default Shell For A User](unix/change-default-shell-for-a-user.md)
@@ -1539,10 +1628,12 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Count The Number Of ripgrep Pattern Matches](unix/count-the-number-of-ripgrep-pattern-matches.md)
 - [Count The Number Of Words On A Webpage](unix/count-the-number-of-words-on-a-webpage.md)
 - [Create A File Descriptor with Process Substitution](unix/create-a-file-descriptor-with-process-substitution.md)
+- [Create A Filename With The Current Date](unix/create-a-filename-with-the-current-date.md)
 - [Create A Sequence Of Values With A Step](unix/create-a-sequence-of-values-with-a-step.md)
 - [Curl With Cookies](unix/curl-with-cookies.md)
 - [Curling For Headers](unix/curling-for-headers.md)
 - [Curling With Basic Auth Credentials](unix/curling-with-basic-auth-credentials.md)
+- [Determine ipv4 And ipv6 Public IP Addresses](unix/determine-ipv4-and-ipv6-public-ip-addresses.md)
 - [Different Ways To Generate A v4 UUID](unix/different-ways-to-generate-a-v4-uuid.md)
 - [Display All The Terminal Colors](unix/display-all-the-terminal-colors.md)
 - [Display Free Disk Space](unix/display-free-disk-space.md)
@@ -1553,6 +1644,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Enable Multi-Select Of Results With fzf](unix/enable-multi-select-of-results-with-fzf.md)
 - [Exclude A Command From The ZSH History File](unix/exclude-a-command-from-the-zsh-history-file.md)
 - [Exclude A Directory With Find](unix/exclude-a-directory-with-find.md)
+- [Exclude A Specific File From fd Results](unix/exclude-a-specific-file-from-fd-results.md)
 - [Exclude Certain Files From An rsync Run](unix/exclude-certain-files-from-an-rsync-run.md)
 - [Figure Out The Week Of The Year From The Terminal](unix/figure-out-the-week-of-the-year-from-the-terminal.md)
 - [File Type Info With File](unix/file-type-info-with-file.md)
@@ -1572,6 +1664,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Fix Unlinked Node Binaries With asdf](unix/fix-unlinked-node-binaries-with-asdf.md)
 - [Forward Multiple Ports Over SSH](unix/forward-multiple-ports-over-ssh.md)
 - [Generate A SAML Key And Certificate Pair](unix/generate-a-saml-key-and-certificate-pair.md)
+- [Generate A Sequence Of Numbered Items](unix/generate-a-sequence-of-numbered-items.md)
 - [Generate Base64 Encoding Without Newlines](unix/generate-base64-encoding-without-newlines.md)
 - [Generate Random 20-Character Hex String](unix/generate-random-20-character-hex-string.md)
 - [Get A List Of Locales On Your System](unix/get-a-list-of-locales-on-your-system.md)
@@ -1586,12 +1679,14 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Grep For Files Without A Match](unix/grep-for-files-without-a-match.md)
 - [Grep For Files With Multiple Matches](unix/grep-for-files-with-multiple-matches.md)
 - [Grep For Multiple Patterns](unix/grep-for-multiple-patterns.md)
+- [Have Script ShellCheck Itself When Executing](unix/have-script-shellcheck-itself-when-executing.md)
 - [Hexdump A Compiled File](unix/hexdump-a-compiled-file.md)
 - [Ignore A Directory During ripgrep Search](unix/ignore-a-directory-during-ripgrep-search.md)
 - [Ignore The Alias When Running A Command](unix/ignore-the-alias-when-running-a-command.md)
 - [Include Ignore Files In Ripgrep Search](unix/include-ignore-files-in-ripgrep-search.md)
 - [Interactively Browse Available Node Versions](unix/interactively-browse-availabile-node-versions.md)
 - [Interactively Switch asdf Package Versions](unix/interactively-switch-asdf-package-versions.md)
+- [Interpret Cron Schedule From The CLI](unix/interpret-cron-schedule-from-the-cli.md)
 - [Jump To The Ends Of Your Shell History](unix/jump-to-the-ends-of-your-shell-history.md)
 - [Kill Everything Running On A Certain Port](unix/kill-everything-running-on-a-certain-port.md)
 - [Killing A Frozen SSH Session](unix/killing-a-frozen-ssh-session.md)
@@ -1614,6 +1709,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Load Env Vars In Bash Script](unix/load-env-vars-in-bash-script.md)
 - [Look Through All Files That Have Been Git Stashed](unix/look-through-all-files-that-have-been-git-stashed.md)
 - [Make Direnv Less Noisy](unix/make-direnv-less-noisy.md)
+- [Make Neovim The Default Way To View Man Pages](unix/make-neovim-the-default-way-to-view-man-pages.md)
 - [Manually Pass Two Git Files To Delta](unix/manually-pass-two-git-files-to-delta.md)
 - [Map A Domain To localhost](unix/map-a-domain-to-localhost.md)
 - [Negative Look-Ahead Search With ripgrep](unix/negative-look-ahead-search-with-ripgrep.md)
@@ -1631,6 +1727,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Produce A Lowercase V4 UUID](unix/produce-a-lowercase-v4-uuid.md)
 - [Provide A Fallback Value For Unset Parameter](unix/provide-a-fallback-value-for-unset-parameter.md)
 - [Remove A Directory Called `-p`](unix/remove-a-directory-called-dash-p.md)
+- [Rename A Bunch Of Files By Constructing mv Commands](unix/rename-a-bunch-of-files-by-constructing-mv-commands.md)
 - [Repeat Yourself](unix/repeat-yourself.md)
 - [Replace Pattern Across Many Files In A Project](unix/replace-pattern-across-many-files-in-a-project.md)
 - [Run A Command Repeatedly Several Times](unix/run-a-command-repeatedly-several-times.md)
@@ -1644,6 +1741,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Securely Remove Files](unix/securely-remove-files.md)
 - [See Where asdf Gets Current Tool Version](unix/see-where-asdf-gets-current-tool-version.md)
 - [Set The asdf Package Version For A Single Shell](unix/set-the-asdf-package-version-for-a-single-shell.md)
+- [Shorten SSH Commands With Aliases](unix/shorten-ssh-commands-with-aliases.md)
 - [Show A File Preview When Searching With FZF](unix/show-a-file-preview-when-searching-with-fzf.md)
 - [Show Disk Usage For The Current Directory](unix/show-disk-usage-for-the-current-directory.md)
 - [Show The Size Of Everything In A Directory](unix/show-the-size-of-everything-in-a-directory.md)
@@ -1655,6 +1753,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Switch Versions of a Brew Formula](unix/switch-versions-of-a-brew-formula.md)
 - [Tell direnv To Load The Env File](unix/tell-direnv-to-load-the-env-file.md)
 - [Touch Access And Modify Times Individually](unix/touch-access-and-modify-times-individually.md)
+- [Transform Text To Lowercase](unix/transform-text-to-lowercase.md)
 - [Type Fewer Paths With Brace Expansion](unix/type-fewer-paths-with-brace-expansion.md)
 - [Undo Changes Made To Current Terminal Prompt](unix/undo-changes-made-to-current-terminal-prompt.md)
 - [Undo Some Command Line Editing](unix/undo-some-command-line-editing.md)
@@ -1696,6 +1795,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Breaking The Undo Sequence](vim/breaking-the-undo-sequence.md)
 - [Buffer Time Travel](vim/buffer-time-travel.md)
 - [Build And Install A Go Program](vim/build-and-install-a-go-program.md)
+- [Bypass On-Save Tooling When Writing File](vim/bypass-on-save-tooling-when-writing-file.md)
 - [Case-Aware Substitution With vim-abolish](vim/case-aware-substitution-with-vim-abolish.md)
 - [Case-Insensitive Substitution](vim/case-insensitive-substitution.md)
 - [Center The Cursor](vim/center-the-cursor.md)
@@ -1798,6 +1898,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Replace A Character](vim/replace-a-character.md)
 - [Reset Target tslime Pane](vim/reset-target-tslime-pane.md)
 - [Reverse A Group Of Lines](vim/reverse-a-group-of-lines.md)
+- [Reword A Commit Message With Fugitive](vim/reword-a-commit-message-with-fugitive.md)
 - [Rotate Everything By 13 Letters](vim/rotate-everything-by-13-letters.md)
 - [Rotate The Orientation Of Split Windows](vim/rotate-the-orientation-of-split-windows.md)
 - [Running Bundle With vim-bundler](vim/running-bundle-with-vim-bundler.md)
@@ -1846,6 +1947,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Find The Location Of User Settings JSON File](vscode/find-the-location-of-user-settings-json-file.md)
 - [Jump To Problems In The Current File](vscode/jump-to-problems-in-the-current-file.md)
 - [Open An Integrated Terminal Window](vscode/open-an-integrated-terminal-window.md)
+- [Open File On Remote Like GitHub](vscode/open-file-on-remote-like-github.md)
 - [Pop Open The Quick Fix Window](vscode/pop-open-the-quick-fix-window.md)
 - [Step Through Project-Wide Search Results](vscode/step-through-project-wide-search-results.md)
 - [Synchronize Vim Clipboard With System Clipboard](vscode/synchronize-vim-clipboard-with-system-clipboard.md)
@@ -1875,6 +1977,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Create A Local Sanity Dataset Backup](workflow/create-a-local-sanity-dataset-backup.md)
 - [Create A Public URL For A Local Server](workflow/create-a-public-url-for-a-local-server.md)
 - [Create Todo Items In Logseq](workflow/create-todo-items-in-logseq.md)
+- [Do Project Time Tracking From The CLI](workflow/do-project-time-tracking-from-the-cli.md)
 - [Enable Dev Tools For Safari](workflow/enable-dev-tools-for-safari.md)
 - [Forward Stripe Events To Local Server](workflow/forward-stripe-events-to-local-server.md)
 - [Get URL For GitHub User Profile Photo](workflow/get-url-for-github-user-profile-photo.md)
@@ -1893,6 +1996,7 @@ If you've learned something here, support my efforts writing daily TILs by
 - [Temporarily Hide CleanShot X Capture Previews](workflow/temporarily-hide-cleanshot-x-capture-previews.md)
 - [Toggle Between Stories In Storybook](workflow/toggle-between-stories-in-storybook.md)
 - [Update asdf Plugins With Latest Package Versions](workflow/update-asdf-plugins-with-latest-package-versions.md)
+- [View A Nicely-Formatted CSV In Terminal](workflow/view-a-nicely-formatted-csv-in-terminal.md)
 - [View The PR For The Current GitHub Branch](workflow/view-the-pr-for-the-current-github-branch.md)
 
 ### XState
@@ -1937,6 +2041,10 @@ current number of TILs and display the result in the command tray.
 
 ## About
 
+I've written more about how this repo came to be in [How I Built a Learning
+Machine](https://dev.to/jbranchaud/how-i-built-a-learning-machine-45k9) and [A
+Decade of TILs](https://www.visualmode.dev/a-decade-of-tils).
+
 I shamelessly stole this idea from
 [thoughtbot/til](https://github.com/thoughtbot/til).
 

Taskfile.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+version: '3'
+
+vars:
+  NOTES_DIR: notes
+  NOTES_FILE: '{{.NOTES_DIR}}/NOTES.md'
+  EDITOR: '{{.EDITOR | default "nvim"}}'
+
+tasks:
+  default:
+    desc: Show available commands
+    cmds:
+      - task --list
+
+  notes:
+    desc: Interactive picker for notes tasks
+    cmds:
+      - |
+        TASK=$(task --list | grep "^\* notes:" | sed 's/^\* notes://' | sed 's/\s\+/ - /' | fzf --prompt="Select notes task: " --height=40% --reverse) || true
+        if [ -n "$TASK" ]; then
+          TASK_NAME=$(echo "$TASK" | awk '{print $1}' | sed 's/:$//')
+          task notes:$TASK_NAME
+        fi
+    interactive: true
+    silent: true
+
+  notes:edit:
+    desc: All-in-one edit, commit, and push notes
+    cmds:
+      - task notes:open
+      - task notes:push
+
+  notes:sync:
+    desc: Sync latest changes from the notes submodule
+    cmds:
+      - git submodule update --remote {{.NOTES_DIR}}
+      - cd {{.NOTES_DIR}} && git checkout main
+    silent: false
+
+  notes:open:
+    desc: Opens NOTES.md (syncs latest changes first) in default editor
+    deps: [notes:sync]
+    cmds:
+      - $EDITOR {{.NOTES_FILE}}
+    interactive: true
+
+  notes:push:
+    desc: Commit and push changes to notes submodule
+    dir: '{{.NOTES_DIR}}'
+    cmds:
+      - git add NOTES.md
+      - git commit -m "Update notes - $(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')"
+      - git pull --rebase
+      - git push
+    status:
+      - git diff --exit-code NOTES.md
+    silent: false
+
+  notes:status:
+    desc: Check status of notes submodule
+    dir: '{{.NOTES_DIR}}'
+    cmds:
+      - git status
+
+  notes:pull:
+    desc: Pull latest changes (alias for sync)
+    cmds:
+      - task notes:sync
+
+  notes:diff:
+    desc: Show uncommitted changes in notes
+    dir: '{{.NOTES_DIR}}'
+    cmds:
+      - git diff NOTES.md
+
+  notes:log:
+    desc: Show recent commit history for notes
+    dir: '{{.NOTES_DIR}}'
+    cmds:
+      - git log --oneline -10

aws/list-rds-snapshots-with-matching-identifier-prefix.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# List RDS Snapshots With Matching Identifier Prefix
+
+I'm working on a script that manually creates a snapshot which it will then
+restore to a temporary database that I can scrub and dump. The snapshots that
+this script takes are _manual_ and they are named with identifiers that have a
+defining prefix (`dev-snapshot-`). Besides the few snapshots created by this
+script, there are tons of automated snapshots that RDS creates for
+backup/recovery purposes.
+
+I want to list any snapshots that have been created by the script. I can do
+this with the `describe-db-snapshots` command and some filters.
+
+```bash
+$ aws rds describe-db-snapshots \
+  --snapshot-type manual \
+  --query "DBSnapshots[?starts_with(DBSnapshotIdentifier, 'dev-snapshot-')].DBSnapshotIdentifier" \
+  --no-cli-pager
+
+[
+    "dev-snapshot-20250327-155355"
+]
+```
+
+There are two key pieces. The `--snapshot-type manual` filter excludes all
+those automated snapshots. The `--query` both filters to any snapshots whose
+identifier `?starts_with` the prefix `dev-snapshot-` and then refines the
+output to just the `DBSnapshotIdentifier` instead of the entire JSON object.
+
+[source](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/rds/describe-db-snapshots.html)

brew/clean-up-your-brew-installations.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Clean Up Your Brew Installations
+
+Over time as you upgrade brew-installed programs and make changes to your
+`Brewfile`, your machine will have artifacts left behind that you no longer
+need.
+
+Periodically, it is good to clean things up.
+
+First, you can get a summary of stale and outdated files that brew has
+installed. Use the `--dry-run` flag.
+
+```bash
+$ brew cleanup --dry-run
+```
+
+If you feel good about what you see in the output, then give things a clean.
+
+```bash
+$ brew cleanup
+```
+
+Second, if you are using a `Brewfile` to manage what `brew` installs, then you
+can instruct `brew` to uninstall any dependencies that aren't specified in that
+file.
+
+By default it operates as a dry run and the `--force` flag will be needed to
+actually do the cleanup. And specify the filename if it doesn't match the
+default of `Brewfile`.
+
+```bash
+$ brew bundle cleanup --file=Brewfile.personal
+```
+
+If the output looks good, then force the cleanup:
+
+```bash
+$ brew bundle cleanup --force --file=Brewfile.personal
+```
+
+See `brew cleanup --help` and `brew bundle --help` for more details.

brew/install-go-packages-in-brewfile.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Install Go Packages In Brewfile
+
+Typically my `Brewfile` is only full of `brew` and `cask` directives. That's
+starting to change now that `brew` supports installing Go packages listed in the
+`Brewfile`.
+
+Use the `go` directive and the URL to the hosted Go package.
+
+Here is an example of a `Brewfile` that includes a `cask`, `brew`, and `go`
+directive.
+
+```
+# screen resolution tool
+cask "betterdisplay"
+
+# Mac keychain management, gpg key
+brew "pinentry-mac"
+
+# Sanitized production Postgres dumps
+go "github.com/jackc/pg_partialcopy"
+```
+
+I've recently added the exact package from above to my [`dotfiles`
+repo](https://github.com/jbranchaud/dotfiles/commit/e83e9d19504f0e2f95eba33123f907f999bf865e).
+
+Here is the [PR to `brew`](https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/pull/20798) where
+this functionality was added back in October of 2025.

chrome/open-current-tab-in-new-window-with-vimium.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Open Current Tab In New Window With Vimium
+
+Sometime I have a busy Chrome window going with a bunch of tabs open for
+various lines of work as well as a number of tabs that I've neglected to close.
+I then open a new tab, find something useful, and realize I'm at a "branching
+point". I'm about to start in on a specific chunk of work that will probably
+involve opening several more tabs and switch back and forth between some
+dashboards. I want to start all of this from a fresh slate -- or at least from
+a fresh Chrome window.
+
+With [Vimium](https://github.com/philc/vimium), I can hit `W` (`Shift-w`) to
+have the current tab move from the current window to a new window. The original
+window, minus that one tab, will be left as is so that I can go back to it as
+needed.

claude-code/monitor-usage-limits-from-cli.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Monitor Usage Limits From CLI
+
+When I first started using Claude Code enough to push the usage limits, I would
+periodically switch over to the browser to check
+`https://claude.ai/settings/usage` to see how close I was getting. That page
+would tell me what percentage of my allotted usage I had consumed so far for the
+current 5-hour session and then how long until that 5-hour usage window resets.
+
+This can also be viewed directly in Claude Code for the CLI.
+
+First, run the `/status` slash command and then _tab_ over to the _Usage_
+section. There you will see the same details as in the web view.
+
+I'm also learned, as I write this, that you can go directly to the _Usage_
+section by typing the `/usage` slash command.
+
+See [the docs](https://code.claude.com/docs/en/slash-commands) for a listing of
+all slash commands.

claude-code/open-current-prompt-in-default-editor.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Open Current Prompt In Default Editor
+
+[Claude Code](https://www.claude.com/product/claude-code) gives you a single
+line to write a prompt. You can write and write as much as you want, but it will
+all be on that single line. And avoid accidentally hitting 'Enter' before you're
+done.
+
+I found myself wanting to space out my thoughts, create a code block as part of
+a prompt, and generally have a scratch pad instead of just a text box. By
+hitting `ctrl-g`, I can move the current prompt into my default editor (in my
+case, `nvim`). From there I can continue to write, edit, and format with all the
+affordances of an editor.
+
+Once I'm done crafting the prompt, I can save (e.g. `:wq`) and Claude Code will
+be primed with that text. I can then hit 'Enter' to let `claude` do its thing.

cursor/allow-cursor-to-be-launched-from-cli.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Allow Cursor To Be Launched From CLI
+
+It is nice to be able to open Cursor for a specific project directly from the
+terminal like so:
+
+```bash
+$ cd ~/dev/my/project
+
+$ cursor .
+```
+
+For the `cursor` launcher binary to be available like that, we have to find it
+and add it to the path.
+
+It is probably located in the `/Applications` folder and within that nested down
+a couple directories is a `bin` directory that contains the binary we're looking
+for.
+
+```bash
+ls /Applications/Cursor.app/Contents/Resources/app/bin
+ bin/
+├──  code*
+├──  cursor*
+└──  cursor-tunnel*
+```
+
+The `cursor` binary is what we want, so let's add that to our path. In my case,
+I'll add this to my `~/.zshrc` file.
+
+```bash
+export PATH="/Applications/Cursor.app/Contents/Resources/app/bin:$PATH"
+```

dprint.json

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "excludes": ["README.md"],
+  "plugins": ["https://plugins.dprint.dev/markdown-0.16.0.wasm"]
+}

git/add-only-tracked-files-from-a-directory.md

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ test runs. Most of these files are tracked (already checked in to the
 repository). There are also many new files generated as part of the most recent
 test run.
 
-I want to staging the changes to files that are already tracked, but hold off
-on doing anything with the new files.
+I want to stage the changes to files that are already tracked, but hold off on
+doing anything with the new files.
 
-Running `git add spec/cassettes` won't do the track because that will pull in
+Running `git add spec/cassettes` won't do the trick because that will pull in
 everything. Running `git add --patch spec/cassettes` will take long and be
 tedious. Instead what I want is the `-u` flag. It's short for _update_ which
 means it will only stage already tracked files.

git/check-if-a-file-has-changed-in-a-script.md

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Check If A File Has Changed In A Script
+
+If I'm at the command line and I want to check if a file has changed, I can run
+`git diff` and see what has changed. If I want to be more specific, I can run
+`git diff README.md` to see if there are changes to that specific file.
+
+If I'm trying to do this check in a script though, I want the command to clearly
+tell the script _Yes_ or _No_. Usually a script looks for an exit code to
+determine what path to take. But as long as `git diff` runs successfully,
+regardless of whether or not their are changes, it is going to have an
+affirmative exit code of `0`.
+
+This is why `git diff` offers the `--exit-code` flag.
+
+> Make the program exit with codes similar to diff(1). That is, it exits with 1
+> if there were differences and 0 means no differences.
+
+With that in mind, we can wire up a script with `git diff` that takes different
+paths depending on whether or not there are changes.
+
+```bash
+if ! git diff --exit-code README.md; then
+  echo "README.md has changes"
+else
+  echo "README.md is clean"
+fi
+```
+
+We can take this a step further and instead use the `--quiet` flag.
+
+> Disable all output of the program. Implies --exit-code. Disables execution of
+> external diff helpers whose exit code is not trusted
+
+This exhibits the same behavior as `--exit-code` and goes the additional step of
+silencing diff output and disabling execution of external diff helpers like
+`delta`.
+
+See `man git-diff` for more details.

git/check-if-a-file-is-under-version-control.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Check If A File Is Under Version Control
+
+The `git ls-files` command can be used with the `--error-unmatch` flag to check
+if a file is under version control. It does this by checking if any of the
+listed files appears on the _index_. If any does not, it is treated as an error.
+
+In a project, I have a `README.md` that is under version control. And I have
+`node_modules` that shouldn't be under version control (which is why they are
+listed in my `.gitignore` file). I can check the README and a file somewhere in
+`node_modules`.
+
+```bash
+❯ git ls-files --error-unmatch README.md
+README.md
+
+❯ git ls-files --error-unmatch node_modules/@ai-sdk/anthropic/CHANGELOG.md
+error: pathspec 'node_modules/@ai-sdk/anthropic/CHANGELOG.md' did not match any file(s) known to git
+Did you forget to 'git add'?
+```
+
+Notice the second command results in an error because of the untracked
+`CHANGELOG.md` file in `node_modules`.
+
+Here is another example of this at work while specifying multiple files:
+
+```bash
+❯ git ls-files --error-unmatch README.md node_modules/@ai-sdk/anthropic/CHANGELOG.md package.json
+README.md
+package.json
+error: pathspec 'node_modules/@ai-sdk/anthropic/CHANGELOG.md' did not match any file(s) known to git
+Did you forget to 'git add'?
+```
+
+Each tracked file gets listed and then the untracked file results in an error.
+
+See `man git-ls-files` for more details.

git/cherry-pick-multiple-commits-at-once.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Cherry Pick Multiple Commits At Once
+
+I've always thought of `git cherry-pick` as being a command that you can run
+against a single commit by specifying the SHA of that commit. That's how I've
+always used it.
+
+The man page for `git-cherry-pick` plainly states:
+
+> Given one or more existing commits, apply the change each one introduces,
+> recording a new commit for each.
+
+We can cherry pick multiple commits at once in a single command. They will be
+applied one at a time in the order listed.
+
+Here we can see an example of applying two commits to the current branch and
+the accompanying output as they are auto-merged.
+
+```bash
+$ git cherry-pick 5206af5 6362f41
+Auto-merging test/services/event_test.rb
+[jb/my-feature-branch 961f3deb] Use the other testing syntax
+ Date: Fri May 2 10:50:14 2025 -0500
+ 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
+Auto-merging test/services/event_test.rb
+[jb/my-feature-branch b15835d0] Make other changes to the test
+ Date: Fri May 2 10:54:48 2025 -0500
+ 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
+```
+
+If the commits cannot be cleanly merged, then you may need to do some manual
+resolution as they are applied. Or maybe you want to try including the
+`-Xpatience` merge strategy.
+
+See `man git-cherry-pick` for more details. Make sure to look at the _Examples_
+section which contains much more advanced examples beyond what is shown above.

git/clear-entries-from-git-stash.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Clear Entries From Git Stash
+
+I often stash changes as I'm moving between branches, rebasing, or pulling in
+changes from the remote. Usually these are changes that I will want to restore
+with a `git stash pop` in a few moments.
+
+However, sometimes these stashed changes are abandoned to time.
+
+When I run `git stash list` on an active project, I see that there are nine
+entries in the list. When I do `git show stash@{0}` and `git show stash@{1}` to
+see the changes that comprise the latest two entries, I don't see anything I
+care about.
+
+I can get rid of those individual entries with, say, `git stash drop
+stash@{0}`.
+
+But I'm pretty confident that I don't care about any of the nine entries in my
+stash list, so I want to _clear_ out all of them. I can do that with:
+
+```bash
+$ git stash clear
+```
+
+Now when I run `git stash list`, I see nothing.
+
+See `man git-stash` for more details.

git/exclude-a-directory-during-a-command.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Exclude A Directory During A Command
+
+Many of the git commands we use, such as `git add`, `git restore`, etc., target
+files and paths relative to the current directory. This is typically exactly
+what we want, to stage and unstage and so forth the files and directories in
+front of us.
+
+I recently ran into a situation where I needed to restore a small subset of
+changes. At the same time, I had a massive number of auto-generated files
+recording HTTP interactions (hundreds of files, modified on the working tree).
+I wanted to run a `git restore`, but wading through all those HTTP recording
+files was not feasible.
+
+I needed to exclude those files. They all belonged to a `spec/cassettes`
+directory. I could exclude them with a _pathspec_ magic signature pattern which
+is used to alter and limit the paths in a git command.
+
+A _pathspec_ magic signature is a special pattern made up of a `:` followed by
+some signature declaring what the pattern means.
+
+The `(exclude)`, `!`, and `^` magic signatures all mean the same thing —
+exclude. So, we can exclude a directory from a `git restore` command like so:
+
+```bash
+$ git restore --patch -- . ':!spec/cassettes'
+```
+
+We've employed two pathspec patterns here. The first, `.`, scopes everything to
+the current directory. The second, `':!spec/cassettes'` excludes everything in
+the `spec/cassettes` directory.
+
+See `man gitglossary` for more on _pathspecs_.

git/highlight-small-change-on-single-line.md

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Highlight Small Change On Single Line
+
+Sometimes a change gets made on a single, long line of text in a Git tracked
+file. If it is a small, subtle change, then it can be hard to pick out when
+looking at the diff. A standard diff will show a green line of text stacked on
+a red line of text with no more granular information.
+
+There are two ways we can improve the diff output in these situations.
+
+The first is built-in to git. It is the `--word-diff` flag which will visually
+isolate the portions of the line that have changed.
+
+```bash
+git diff --word-diff README.md
+```
+
+Which will produce something like this:
+
+```diff
+A collection of concise write-ups on small things I learn [-day to day-]{+day-to-day+} across a
+```
+
+The outgoing part is wrapped in `[-...-]` and the incoming part is wrapped in
+`{+...+}`.
+
+The second (and my preference) is to use
+[`delta`](https://github.com/dandavison/delta) as an external differ and pager
+for git.
+
+```bash
+git -c core.pager=delta diff README.md
+```
+
+I cannot visually demonstrate the difference in a standard code block. So I'll
+describe it. We see a red and green line stacked on each other, but with muted
+background colors. Then the specific characters that are different stand out
+because they are highlighted with brighter red and green. I [posted a visual
+here](https://bsky.app/profile/jbranchaud.bsky.social/post/3ln245orlxs2j).
+
+`delta` can also be added as a standard part of your config like I demonstrate
+in [Better Diffs With Delta](git/better-diffs-with-delta.md).
+
+h/t to [Dillon Hafer's post on
+`--word-diff`](https://til.hashrocket.com/posts/t994rwt3fg-finds-diffs-in-long-line)

git/list-all-git-aliases-from-gitconfig.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# List All Git Aliases From gitconfig
+
+Running the `git config --list` command will show all of the configuration
+settings you have for `git` relative to your current location. Though most of
+these setting probably live in `~/.gitconfig`, you may also have some locally
+specified ones in `.git/config`. This will grab them all including any `alias`
+entries.
+
+We can narrow things down to just `alias` entries using the `--get-regexp` flag.
+
+```bash
+$ git config --get-regexp '^alias\.'
+
+alias.ap add --patch
+alias.authors shortlog -s -n -e
+alias.co checkout
+alias.st status
+alias.put push origin HEAD
+alias.fixup commit --fixup
+alias.squash commit --squash
+alias.doff reset HEAD^
+alias.add-untracked !git status --porcelain | awk '/\?\?/{ print $2 }' | xargs git add
+alias.reset-authors commit --amend --reset-author -CHEAD
+```
+
+I use `git doff` all the time on feature branches to "pop" the latest commmit
+onto the working copy. I was trying to remember exactly what the `git doff`
+command is and this was an easy way to check.

git/reference-commits-earlier-than-reflog-remembers.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 While preparing some stats for a recent blog post on [A Decade of
 TILs](https://www.visualmode.dev/a-decade-of-tils), I ran into an issue
-referencing chuncks of time further back than 2020.
+referencing chunks of time further back than 2020.
 
 ```bash
 ❯ git diff --diff-filter=A --name-only HEAD@{2016-02-06}..HEAD@{2017-02-06} -- "*.md"

git/restore-file-from-one-branch-to-the-current.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Restore File From One Branch To The Current
+
+On one feature branch I have created some files and made changes to some
+existing files as part of spiking a feature. Now I'm on a different branch
+taking another shot at it. I want changes from one or two of the files. In the
+past I've used `git-checkout` for this task. However, I believe this is one of
+the use cases they had in mind when they added `git-restore`.
+
+What I want to do is _restore_ the state of a file as it appears on some source
+branch to my current branch. Here is what that looks like:
+
+```bash
+$ git restore --source=some-feature-branch app/models/contact.rb
+```
+
+Now when I check `git status` I'll see the state of that file on the
+`some-feature-branch` branch overlayed on my current working copy. If the file
+doesn't exist, it will be created.
+
+See `man git-restore` for more details.

git/set-up-gpg-signing-key.md

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# Set Up GPG Signing Key
+
+I wanted to have that "Verified" icon start showing up next to my commits in
+GitHub. To do that, I need to generate a GPG key, configure the secret key in
+GitHub, and then configure the public signing key with my git config.
+
+```bash
+# generate a gpg key
+$ gpg --full-generate-key
+
+# Pick the following options when prompted
+# - Choose "RSA and RSA" (Options 1)
+# - Max out key size at 4096
+# - Choose expiration date (e.g. 0 for no expiration)
+# - Enter "Real name" and "Email"
+    (I matched those to what is in my global git config)
+# - Set passphrase (I had 1password generate a 4-word passphrase)
+```
+
+It may take a few seconds to create.
+
+I can see it was created by listing my GPG keys.
+
+```bash
+$ gpg --list-secret-keys --keyid-format=long
+[keyboxd]
+---------
+sec   rsa4096/1A8656918A8D016B 2025-10-19 [SC]
+...
+```
+
+I'll need the `1A8656918A8D016B` portion of that response for the next command
+and it is what I set as my public signing key in my git config.
+
+First, though, I add the full key block to my GitHub profile which I can copy
+like so:
+
+```bash
+$ gpg --armor --export 1A8656918A8D016B | pbcopy
+```
+
+And then I paste that as a new GPG Key on GitHub under _Settings_ -> _SSH and
+GPG Keys_.
+
+Last, I update my global git config with the signing key and the preference to
+sign commits:
+
+```bash
+git config --global user.signingkey 1A8656918A8D016B
+git config --global commit.gpgsign true
+```
+
+Without `commit.gpgsign`, I would have to specify the `-S` flag every time I
+want to create a signed commit.
+
+[source](https://git-scm.com/book/ms/v2/Git-Tools-Signing-Your-Work)

git/show-summary-stats-for-current-branch.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Show Summary Stats For Current Branch
+
+When I push a branch up to GitHub as a PR, there is a part of the UI that shows
+you how many lines you've added and removed for this branch. It bases that off
+the target branch which is typically your `main` branch.
+
+The `git diff` command can provide those same stats right in the terminal. The
+key is to specify the `--shortstat` flag which tells `git` to exclude other diff
+output and only show:
+
+- Number of files changed
+- Number of insertions
+- Number of deletions
+
+Here is the summary stats for a branch I'm working on:
+
+```bash
+❯ git diff --shortstat main
+ 8 files changed, 773 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)
+```
+
+We have to be on our feature branch and then we point to the branch (or whatever
+ref) we want to diff against. Since I want to know how my feature branch
+compares to `main`, I specify that.
+
+See `man git-diff` for more details.

github/access-your-github-profile-photo.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Access Your GitHub Profile Photo
+
+Let's say I have my [GitHub profile](https://github.com/jbranchaud) pulled up in
+the browser.
+
+```
+https://github.com/jbranchaud
+```
+
+If I then add `.png` to the end of that in the URL bar:
+
+```
+https://github.com/jbranchaud.png
+```
+
+I'll be redirected to the URL where the full image file lives. In my case:
+
+```
+https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/694063?v=4
+```
+
+You can pull up yours `https://github.com/<username>.png` to access your profile
+image.
+
+[source](https://dev.to/10xlearner/how-to-get-the-profile-picture-of-a-github-account-1d82)

github/open-a-pr-to-an-unforked-repo.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Open A PR To An Unforked Repo
+
+Sometimes I will clone a repo to explore the source code or to look into a
+potential bug. If my curiosity takes me far enough to make some changes, then I
+jump through the hoops of creating a fork, reconfiguring branches, pushing to my
+fork, and then opening the branch as a PR against the original repo.
+
+The `gh` CLI allows me to avoid all that hoop-jumping. Directly from the cloned
+repo I can use `gh` to create a new PR. It will prompt me to creat a fork. If I
+accept, it will seamlessly create it and then open a PR from my fork to the
+original.
+
+```bash
+$ gh pr create
+```
+
+This allows me to create the PR with a few prompts from the CLI. If you prefer,
+you can include the `--web` flag to open the PR creation screen directly in the
+browser.

github/target-another-repo-when-creating-a-pr.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Target Another Repo When Creating A PR
+
+I have a [`dotfiles` repo](https://github.com/jbranchaud/dotfiles) that I forked
+from [`dkarter/dotfiles`](https://github.com/dkarter/dotfiles). I'm adding a
+bunch of my own customizations on a `main` branch while continually pulling in
+and merging upstream changes.
+
+The primary remote according to `gh` is `jbranchaud/dotfiles`. 98% of the time
+that is what I want. However, I occasionally want to share some changes upstream
+via a PR. Running `gh pr create` as is will create a PR against my fork. To
+override this on a one-off basis, I can use the `--repo` flag.
+
+```bash
+$ gh pr create --repo dkarter/dotfiles
+```
+
+This will create a PR against `dkarter:master` from my branch (e.g.
+[`jbranchaud:jb/fix-hardcoded-paths`](https://github.com/dkarter/dotfiles/pull/373)).
+
+See `man gh-pr-create` for more details.

github/tell-gh-what-the-default-repo-is.md

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Tell gh What The Default Repo Is
+
+I recently forked [dkarter/dotfiles](https://github.com/dkarter/dotfiles) as a
+way of bootstrapping a robust dotfile config for a new machine that I could
+start making customizations to. I'm maintaining a `my-dotfiles` branch and keep
+things in sync with the original upstream repo.
+
+When trying to go to *my* fork of the repo
+([jbranchaud/dotfiles](https://github.com/jbranchaud/dotfiles)) in the web with
+the `gh` CLI tool, I ran into a weird issue. It was instead opening up to
+`dkarter/dotfiles`.
+
+`gh` was under the wrong impression which repo should be considered the default.
+To clarify things for `gh`, there is a command to set the default repo.
+
+```bash
+$ gh repo set-default jbranchaud/dotfiles
+✓ Set jbranchaud/dotfiles as the default repository for the current directory
+```
+
+Now when I run `gh repo view --web`, it opens the browser to my fork of the
+dotfiles.
+
+But where does this setting live?
+
+Opening this repo's `.git/config` file I can see a section for the `origin`
+remote that includes a new line for `gh-resolved`. This being set to `base`
+tells `gh` that this remote is the one to treat as the default repo.
+
+```
+[remote "origin"]
+	url = git@github.com:jbranchaud/dotfiles.git
+	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
+	gh-resolved = base
+
+```
+
+See `gh repo set-default --help` for more details.

heroku/specify-default-team-and-app-for-project.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Specify Default Team And App For Project
+
+Typically when you run commands with the Heroku CLI you'll need to specify the
+name of the app on Heroku you're targeting with the `--app` flag. However, to
+first see the names of the apps you may want to run `heroku apps` (or `heroku
+list`). That will list the apps for your default team.
+
+If you need to see apps for a different team (i.e. organization), you'll need to
+specify that team either with the `--team` flag or by setting that as an
+environment variable.
+
+Here I do the latter in an `.envrc` file:
+
+```
+# Heroku
+export HEROKU_ORGANIZATION=visualmode
+```
+
+Once that is set and the environment reloaded, running `heroku apps` will show
+the apps specific to that team on Heroku.
+
+Similarly, if you want to set a default app for your project so that you don't
+have to always specify the `--app` flag, you can update your `.envrc`
+accordingly.
+
+```
+# Heroku
+export HEROKU_ORGANIZATION=visualmode
+export HEROKU_APP=my-app
+```
+
+I had a hard time finding official documentation for this which is why I'm
+writing this up here. I've manually verified this works with my own team and
+app.

html/allow-number-input-to-accept-decimal-values.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Allow Number Input To Accept Decimal Values
+
+Here is a number input element:
+
+```html
+<input type="number" id="amount" required class="border" />
+```
+
+This renders an empty number input box with up and down arrows which will, by
+default, increment or decrement the value by **1**.
+
+Of course, I can manually edit the input typing in a value like `1.25`.
+
+However, when I submit that via an HTML form, the submission will be prevented
+and the browser will display a validation error.
+
+> Please enter a valid value. The two nearest valid values are 1 and 2.
+
+If I want to be able to input a decimal value like this, I need to change the
+`step` value. It defaults to `1`, but I could change it to `2`, `10`, or in
+this case to `0.01`.
+
+```html
+<input type="number" step="0.01" id="amount" required class="border" />
+```
+
+Notice now that as you click the up and down arrows, the value is incremented
+and decremented by **0.01** at a time.
+
+If I want to maintain the step value of `1` while allowing decimal values, I
+can instead set the `step` value to be `any`.
+
+```html
+<input type="number" step="any" id="amount" required class="border" />
+```
+
+See the [MDN docs on number
+inputs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/input/number)
+for more details.

javascript/format-a-list-of-items-by-locale.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Format A List Of Items By Locale
+
+The `Intl` module includes a [`ListFormat`
+object](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Intl/ListFormat)
+which can be used to format a list of items in a consistent way across locales.
+
+I've reinvented the wheel of writing a helper function numerous times across
+projects for formatting a list of items that accounts for formatting based on
+how many items there are. This built-in function handles that with the added
+benefit of working across locales.
+
+Here are lists of three, two, and one items formatted in the `long` styles for
+US english.
+
+```javascript
+> const formatter = new Intl.ListFormat('en', { style: 'long', type: 'conjunction' });
+undefined
+
+> formatter.format(['Alice', 'Bob', 'Carla'])
+'Alice, Bob, and Carla'
+
+> formatter.format(['Coffee', 'Tea'])
+'Coffee and Tea'
+
+> formatter.format(['Taco'])
+'Taco'
+```
+
+The difference between `long` and `short` style for a `conjunction` is _and_
+versus _&_. In addition to the type`conjunction`, you could also use
+`disjunction` which will do an _or_ instead of an _and_. I'm not sure what
+you'd use the `unit` type for.
+
+You could use another locale, such as French, as well:
+
+```javascript
+> const formatter = new Intl.ListFormat('fr', { style: 'long', type: 'conjunction' });
+undefined
+
+> formatter.format(['café', 'thé'])
+'café et thé'
+```

jj/describe-current-changes-and-create-new-change.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Describe Current Changes And Create New Change
+
+One of the first patterns I learned with `jj` was a pair of commands to
+essentially "commit" the working copy and start a fresh, new change. So if I am
+done making some changes, I can add a description to the `(no description)`
+working copy and then start a new working copy _change_.
+
+```bash
+$ jj describe -m "Add status subcommand to show current status"
+$ jj new
+```
+
+I learned from [Steve](https://steveklabnik.com/) in the [jj
+discord](https://discord.gg/dkmfj3aGQN) that a shorthand for this pattern is to
+use the `jj commit` command directly.
+
+> When called without path arguments or `--interactive`, `jj commit` is
+> equivalent to `jj describe` followed by `jj new`.
+
+That means, instead of the above pair of commands, I could have done:
+
+```bash
+$ jj commit -m "Add status subcommand to show current status"
+```
+
+That would have had the same result in my case. However, notice the caveats
+mentioned in the quote above and check out `man jj-commit` for more details on
+that.

jj/squash-changes-into-parent-commit-interactively.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Squash Changes Into Parent Commit Interactively
+
+While I have some changes in progress as part of the working copy, I can squash
+them into the previous / parent commit with the `jj squash` command. Running
+that command as is will apply all the working copy changes to the parent leaving
+the current revision empty.
+
+I can also interactively squash those changes similar in spirit to how I might
+use `git add --patch` to stage and then amend specific changes into the previous
+commit with `git`. This can be done with [`jj`](https://github.com/jj-vcs/jj)
+using `squash` with the `-i` flag.
+
+```bash
+jj squash -i # or --interactive
+```
+
+This will open up a TUI where I can click around or use keys. Each file in the
+source revision (in my case, the working copy) will be listed. I can move the
+cursor between them hitting _space_ to toggle them in or out of the squash
+selection.
+
+I can also hit `f` over a given file to toggle _folding_. When folding is on, a
+diff of the file will be disclosed with checkboxes for toggling individual
+hunks and lines.
+
+Once I'm satisfied with my interactive selection, I can hit `c` to confirm and
+only the selected files and changes will be squashed into the parent.
+
+See `man jj-squash` for more details.
+
+[source](https://steveklabnik.github.io/jujutsu-tutorial/real-world-workflows/the-squash-workflow.html)

mac/add-a-bunch-of-cli-utilities-with-coreutils.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Add A Bunch Of CLI Utilities With coreutils
+
+The [`coreutils`](https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/) project is a
+collection of useful utilities that every operating system ought to have.
+
+> The GNU Core Utilities are the basic file, shell and text manipulation
+> utilities of the GNU operating system. These are the core utilities which are
+> expected to exist on every operating system.
+
+While many of these utilities are redundant with BSD utilities that MacOS
+chooses to ship with, there are some differences in the overlapping ons and then
+many additions from `coreutils`.
+
+They can be installed with Homebrew:
+
+```bash
+$ brew install coreutils
+```
+
+And then you should have some new things available on your path. Take `shuf`, for
+instance. This utility can shuffle and select items from a file or incoming
+lines from another command. Here I use it to randomly grab a number between 1
+and 5 (with the help of `seq`):
+
+```bash
+❯ seq 1 5 | shuf -n 1
+3
+
+❯ seq 1 5 | shuf -n 1
+2
+
+❯ seq 1 5 | shuf -n 1
+5
+```
+
+Or how about some utilities for manipulating file names? Among others there is
+`realpath`, `basename`, and `dirname`.
+
+```bash
+❯ realpath README.md
+/Users/lastword/dev/jbranchaud/til/README.md
+
+❯ realpath README.md | xargs basename
+README.md
+
+❯ realpath README.md | xargs dirname
+/Users/lastword/dev/jbranchaud/til
+```
+
+See the [manual](https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html)
+for many more details.

mac/capture-screenshot-to-clipboard-from-cli.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Capture Screenshoot To Clipboard From CLI
+
+MacOS comes with a `screencapture` utility that you can run from the terminal
+to activate the built-in screenshot functionality on Mac.
+
+Usually when I am taking a screenshot, I want to do something with it right
+away. Such as paste it into an application or group chat. The `-c` flag forces
+the screen capture to go the clipboard.
+
+I also generally want to capture a specific area of the screen so that the
+captured image includes the right amount of context and nothing more. The `-i`
+flag puts you in interactive screen capture mode. That means your cursor will
+turn into a crosshair that you can use to make a drag selection of the capture
+area.
+
+```bash
+$ screencapture -ic
+```
+
+Select an area to capture, it's now on your clipboard, paste it where you need
+it.
+
+Note: The first time you run this command, your terminal program (e.g. iTerm2)
+may prompt you for the necessary OS permissions in order to capture images of
+your screen. You'll need to grant those permissions and then rerun the command.
+
+See `man screencapture` for more details.

mac/detect-how-long-a-user-has-been-idle.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Detect How Long A User Has Been Idle
+
+The `ioreg` utility on MacOS dumps the I/O Kit registry tree. This lets us look
+at the state of all hardware devices and drivers registered with I/O Kit.
+Looking specifically at the Human Interface Device subsystem (`IOHIDSystem`), we
+can find a handful of properties including the `HIDIdleTime`.
+
+```bash
+$ ioreg -c IOHIDSystem | awk '/HIDIdleTime/'
+    | | |   "HIDIdleTime" = 91831000
+```
+
+That value is the number of nanoseconds since a human input device was last
+interacted with. That is the amount of time the user (me) has been idle.
+
+I can convert this to seconds, which is the small amount of time between me
+hitting enter in the terminal and the command finding the idle time.
+
+```bash
+$ ioreg -c IOHIDSystem | awk '/HIDIdleTime/ {printf "%.2f seconds\n", $NF/1000000000}'
+0.13 seconds
+```
+
+I can run this in `watch` to see the elapsed idle time increment.
+
+```bash
+watch -n 1 "echo -n 'Idle time: '; ioreg -c IOHIDSystem | awk '/HIDIdleTime/ {printf \"%.1f seconds\\n\", \$NF/1000000000}'"
+```
+
+After watching the _idle time_ increment for a bit, I can move the mouse and
+watch it reset on the next `watch` loop.
+
+This could be used as part of a script that takes certain actions after the user
+has been idle for a while, like putting the display to sleep or stopping a time
+tracker app.
+
+There is a _lot_ going on in the `ioreg` output and it's hard to make sense of
+hardly any of it. I found running `ioreg -c IOHIDSystem | less`, searching for
+`IdleTime`, and browsing from there to be a good starting point.

mac/inspect-assertions-preventing-sleep.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Inspect Assertions Preventing Sleep
+
+The `pmset` command is for inspecting and manipulating _Power Management
+Settings_ on MacOS. The `-g` flag is for _getting_ details. We can get a summary
+of power assertions with `-g assertions`. These assertions are ways that the
+system and display are prevented from sleeping.
+
+A common assertion preventing sleep is the user being active. Another example of
+an assertion is a program like `caffeinate` that sets a timeout preventing sleep
+for a fixed period of time.
+
+Here I activate a 30 minute (1600 second) `caffeinate` session and then I
+inspect the power management assertions which shows the details of that
+assertion as well as two others.
+
+```bash
+❯ caffeinate -t 1600 &
+[1] 98217
+
+❯ pmset -g assertions
+2025-11-02 13:20:57 -0600
+Assertion status system-wide:
+   BackgroundTask                 0
+   ApplePushServiceTask           0
+   UserIsActive                   1
+   PreventUserIdleDisplaySleep    0
+   PreventSystemSleep             0
+   ExternalMedia                  0
+   PreventUserIdleSystemSleep     1
+   NetworkClientActive            0
+Listed by owning process:
+   pid 98217(caffeinate): [0x00045477000194b3] 00:00:03 PreventUserIdleSystemSleep named: "caffeinate command-line tool"
+        Details: caffeinate asserting for 1600 secs
+        Localized=THE CAFFEINATE TOOL IS PREVENTING SLEEP.
+        Timeout will fire in 1597 secs Action=TimeoutActionRelease
+   pid 145(WindowServer): [0x00044f2f00099212] 00:00:00 UserIsActive named: "com.apple.iohideventsystem.queue.tickle serviceID:10009be9e service:AppleUserHIDEventService product:CTRL Keyboard eventType:3"
+        Timeout will fire in 600 secs Action=TimeoutActionRelease
+   pid 80(powerd): [0x00044f2f00019216] 00:22:34 PreventUserIdleSystemSleep named: "Powerd - Prevent sleep while display is on"
+```
+
+See `man pmset` and `man caffeinate` for more details.

mac/launch-some-confetti.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Launch Some Confetti
+
+If you have [Raycast](https://www.raycast.com/) installed on your machine, then
+you have quick access to some confetti via their quick command palette. Trigger
+the command palette to open, start typing `confetti` until it appears as the
+focused option, and then hit enter.
+
+🎉
+
+We can launch confetti other ways, including programmatically from scripts.
+
+To do this, we need to first find the _deeplink_ for the Raycast _confetti_
+program. Trigger the command palette and type out `confetti` again. However,
+this time instead of hitting enter, hit `Cmd+k` to open other actions. Find the
+_Copy Deeplink_ option.
+
+You should now have this on your clipboard:
+
+```
+raycast://extensions/raycast/raycast/confetti
+```
+
+With this deeplink in hand, we can now trigger confetti other places. The
+easiest way to do this is to open a terminal and pass that deep link as an
+argument to `open`.
+
+```bash
+$ open raycast://extensions/raycast/raycast/confetti
+```
+
+Now you can wrap that up in any old bash script or even just tack it on to the
+end of a run of your test suite:
+
+```bash
+$ rails test && open raycast://extensions/raycast/raycast/confetti
+```

mac/prevent-sleep-with-the-caffeinate-command.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Prevent Sleep With The Caffeinate Command
+
+MacOS has a built-in utility `caffeinate` that can programatically prevent your
+machine from sleeping. There are two kinds of sleep that it can prevent via
+_assertions_.
+
+> caffeinate creates assertions to alter system sleep behavior.
+
+The two kinds of sleep behavior are _display sleep_ and _system idle sleep_. An
+assertion to prevent display sleep can be created with `-d` and system idle
+sleep with `-i`.
+
+We can combine those to prevent both and then specify a duration (_timeout_)
+with `-t` (with a value in seconds).
+
+```bash
+caffeinate -d -i -t 600
+```
+
+This creates assertions with 10 minute timeouts for both display and system idle
+sleep.
+
+The `caffeinate` command is blocking, so if you want to start it in the
+background, you can do that like so:
+
+```bash
+caffeinate -d -i -t 600 &
+```
+
+See `man caffeinate` for more details.

mysql/get-idea-of-what-is-in-a-json-column.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Get Idea Of What Is In A JSON Column
+
+While digging through some data trying to reacquaint myself with the overall
+schema and data model, I ran into an issue selecting rows from this
+`content_resource` table. There was so much text packed in to the `"body"`,
+`"summary"`, and `"description"` key-value pairs of `fields` JSON column that a
+simple `select * ... limit 3;` was overwhelming the screen with text and table
+formatting characters (i.e. `+------+-------`).
+
+I figured the `fields` JSON followed a reliable structure, at least for records
+of the same `type`. So, let's start by only grabbing the
+[`json_keys`](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/json-search-functions.html#function_json-keys)
+so that I can get a sense of the shape of the JSON.
+
+```sql
+select id, json_keys(fields)
+from content_resource
+where type = 'post'
+limit 3;
+
++-----+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| id  | json_keys(`fields`)                                                                                       |
++-----+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+|  1  | ["body", "slug", "state", "title", "summary", "postType", "visibility", "description", "originalLessonId"] |
+|  2  | ["body", "slug", "state", "title", "summary", "postType", "visibility", "description", "originalLessonId"] |
+|  3  | ["body", "slug", "state", "title", "summary", "postType", "visibility", "description", "originalLessonId"] |
++-----+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+```
+
+For the `post` type, I see the same keys for this sampling of rows. Now I have
+an idea what keys are present and can start digging in further.
+
+My next query might look something like this:
+
+```sql
+select id, fields->'$.slug', fields->'$.title', fields->'$.state'
+from content_resource
+where type = 'post'
+limit 3;
+```

neovim/jump-between-changes-in-current-file.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Jump Between Changes In Current File
+
+With the [gitsigns.nvim plugin](https://github.com/lewis6991/gitsigns.nvim) for
+Neovim, I get some handy Git-related capabilities like gutter highlighting of
+additions, deletions, and changes to lines in the current file. These contiguous
+sections of modification to the versioned state of a file are called hunks.
+
+Here are two mappings (in Lua) for gitsigns that allow me to jump to the next
+(`]h`) or previous (`[h`) hunk in the current file.
+
+```lua
+---@type LazyKeysSpec[]
+M.gitsigns_mappings = {
+
+  -- Navigation
+  {
+    ']h',
+    function()
+      if vim.wo.diff then
+        vim.cmd.normal { ']c', bang = true }
+      else
+        require('gitsigns').nav_hunk 'next'
+      end
+    end,
+    desc = 'Next Hunk',
+  },
+
+  {
+    '[h',
+    function()
+      if vim.wo.diff then
+        vim.cmd.normal { '[c', bang = true }
+      else
+        require('gitsigns').nav_hunk 'prev'
+      end
+    end,
+    desc = 'Prev Hunk',
+  },
+}
+```
+
+This is particularly useful when I've just opened a big file and I want to jump
+directly to active changes in that file.
+
+I got this mapping directly from [Dorian's
+dotfiles](https://github.com/dkarter/dotfiles).

neovim/run-nvim-with-factory-defaults.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Run nvim With Factory Defaults
+
+Most of the fun of using Neovim is tailoring it to your exact needs with custom
+configurations. Your configuration can be made up of environment variables,
+`init.lua`/`init.vim`, and user directories on the `runtimepath`.
+
+Perhaps though, you want to load neovim with its "factory defaults". You want
+to ignore all your custom config and your _shada_ (shared data) file. I wanted
+to do just that recently to verify that neovim has the `ft-manpage` plugin
+enabled by default (as opposed to enabled somewhere in the labryinth of my
+config files).
+
+The `--clean` flag does just this. It loads built-in plugins, but none of the
+user defined config.
+
+```bash
+$ nvim --clean
+```
+
+This is different than `nvim -u NONE` which excludes all plugins, including
+built-in ones.
+
+See `man nvim` and `:help --clean` for more details.

planetscale/see-what-databases-you-have-access-to.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# See What Databases You Have Access To
+
+Assuming you have the `pscale` CLI installed and you've authenticated with it,
+you can run the following to view available databases.
+
+```bash
+$ pscale database list
+  NAME        KIND    CREATED AT    UPDATED AT
+ ----------- ------- ------------- -------------
+  bookshelf   mysql   3 years ago   3 years ago
+```
+
+I'm not very active on my personal account. Planetscale is a multi-tenant SaaS
+though. I can switch from my personal `org` to another team I have access to.
+
+```bash
+$ pscale org switch another-team
+```
+
+And then from there I can run `pscale database list` again to see what databases
+I have access to from this other organization.
+
+See `pscale database help` and `pscale org help` for more details.

postgres/check-the-size-of-databases-in-a-cluster.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Check The Size Of Databases In A Cluster
+
+The `\l` command in `psql` will list all the databases for the server. The
+field surfaced by this meta-command are:
+
+- Name
+- Owner
+- Encoding
+- Locale Provider
+- Collate
+- Ctype
+- ICU Locale
+- ICU Rules
+- Access privileges
+
+If we add a `+`, issuing instead `\l+`, we get three additional fields:
+
+- Size
+- Tablespace
+- Description
+
+The _Size_ column is the human-formatted size of each database.
+
+Another way to do this is with some SQL querying the underlying record keeping
+of the server's database.
+
+```sql
+select
+  db.datname as db_name,
+  pg_size_pretty(pg_database_size(db.datname)) as db_size
+from pg_database db
+order by pg_database_size(db.datname) desc;
+```
+
+Credit to [this StackOverflow
+answer](https://stackoverflow.com/a/18907188/535590) for how to do this with a
+SQL query.
+
+[source](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-LIST)

postgres/create-and-execute-sql-statements-with-gexec.md

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# Create And Execute SQL Statements With \gexec
+
+The [`\gexec`
+meta-command](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-GEXEC)
+is a variation of the [`\g`
+meta-command](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-META-COMMAND-G),
+both of which can be used in a `psql` session. Whereas the `\g` command sends
+the current query in the buffer to the PostgreSQL server for execution, the
+`\gexec` command first sends the query to the server for execution and then
+executes each row of the result as its own SQL statement.
+
+This is both a bit absurd and powerful. And a bit unnecessary considering all
+of the scripting capabilities with anything from bash to any language with a
+SQL client library.
+
+Nevertheless, let's take a look at a contrived example of how it works. Here,
+we have a SQL statement that does some string concatenation based off values in
+an array. This results in three separate `create schema` statements.
+
+```sql
+> select
+    'create schema if not exists schema_' || letter || ';'
+  from unnest(array['a', 'b', 'c']) as letter
+  \gexec
+
+CREATE SCHEMA
+CREATE SCHEMA
+CREATE SCHEMA
+
+> \dn
+       List of schemas
+   Name   |       Owner
+----------+-------------------
+ public   | pg_database_owner
+ schema_a | postgres
+ schema_b | postgres
+ schema_c | postgres
+(4 rows)
+```
+
+Three new schemas get created which we can inspect with `\dn`.
+
+Notice, if we simply execute the primary statement, we can see the intermediate
+result that `\gexec` will subsequently execute.
+
+```sql
+> select
+    'create schema if not exists schema_' || letter || ';'
+  from unnest(array['a', 'b', 'c']) as letter
+  \g
+
+               ?column?
+---------------------------------------
+ create schema if not exists schema_a;
+ create schema if not exists schema_b;
+ create schema if not exists schema_c;
+(3 rows)
+```

postgres/references-target-primary-key-by-default.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# References Target Primary Key By Default
+
+Typically when I am creating a table or adding a column that involves a foreign
+key constraint, I explicitly name the reference column.
+
+```sql
+create table contacts (
+  id int generated always as identity primary key,
+  user_id int references users(id);
+);
+```
+
+The [Create Table PostgreSQL
+Docs](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/17/sql-createtable.html) point out that
+specifying the reference column isn't strictly necessary.
+
+> These clauses specify a foreign key constraint, which requires that a group
+> of one or more columns of the new table must only contain values that match
+> values in the referenced column(s) of some row of the referenced table. If
+> the refcolumn list is omitted, the primary key of the reftable is used.
+
+If we're using the primary key as the reference column, then we can choose to
+omit the reference column.
+
+```sql
+create table contacts (
+  id int generated always as identity primary key,
+  user_id int references users;
+);
+```
+
+In the same way we can do this when adding a column.
+
+```sql
+alter table contacts
+  add column account_id int references account;
+```

postgres/set-up-a-project-local-cluster-with-postgres-app.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Set Up A Project-Local Cluster With Postgres.app
+
+I want to set up a PostgreSQL cluster in my project directory. This helps
+provide some separation and clarity that this cluster and its databases are just
+for this project.
+
+This can be done with `Postgres.app` (on Mac) hitting the `+` button in the
+bottom left corner of the app. This will pop open a "Create new server" modal.
+
+From there, you'll want to give the server a name that you can identify within
+`Postgres.app`. E.g. "<App Name> Cluster"
+
+Then select the Postgres version. My existing project is still on 17, so I'll
+select that.
+
+The not so intuitive part is the _Data Directory_. Use the "Choose..." file
+picker to find the root directory of your project. Select that. Then click into
+the text input for the data directory and append the name of the data directory
+_to be created_ to that path. If I want it to all go in `postgres-data`, then my
+path will look like:
+
+```
+/Users/me/dev/my-app/postgres-data
+```
+
+The `postgres-data` directory doesn't exist yet. But it will in a moment.
+
+You probably want the default port, so leave that at `5432` unless you know
+otherwise.
+
+Click `Create server`, though that won't actually create the server yet. Now
+with that server selected in `Postgres.app` click the `Initialize` button. That
+will create the `postgres-data` directory and then run `initdb` under the hood
+which will add everything your server needs. It will now be running at that
+port, ready to connect.

rails/convert-json-field-to-hash-with-indifferent-access.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Convert JSON Field To Hash With Indifferent Access
+
+Let's say we have an `Event` model whose backing table includes a `JSONB` (or
+`JSON`) field called `details`.
+
+When we access `details` in a Rails context, digging into that nested data we
+have to use string keys throughout. However, we may have existing related code
+that is dealing with this shape of data using symbol keys. This might put us in
+a position where we have to rework a bunch of existing code or do defensive
+coding like `details[:user] || details["user"]`.
+
+To avoid that, we can instead have the `Event` model override `details`
+converting that underlying data to `HashWithIndifferentAccess` before returning
+it.
+
+```ruby
+class Event < ApplicationRecord
+  def details
+    data = super
+    return data if data.nil?
+    
+    case data
+    when Array
+      data.map { |item| item.is_a?(Hash) ? item.with_indifferent_access : item }
+    when Hash
+      data.with_indifferent_access
+    else
+      data
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+With this in place, anywhere in the codebase where we access `details` on an
+instance of `Event` we will be able to use string or symbol keys
+interchangeably.

rails/customize-template-for-new-schema-migration.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Customize Template For New Schema Migration
+
+Rails has a set of generator functionality that we can use to scaffold entire
+slices of an app all the way down to generating a single migration file.
+
+```bash
+$ rails generate migration MakeUserStatusColumnNotNull
+```
+
+When we run a migration generator command like that, Rails reaches for the
+[baked-in migration
+template](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/92be9af152f721588b7414119c931ea92930947b/activerecord/lib/rails/generators/active_record/migration/templates/migration.rb.tt)
+and creates a new migration file based on the given name and any other local
+variables that get set internally.
+
+That's the standard behavior. However, we can override the migration template
+by defining our own template in `lib/templates/migration.rb.tt` of our Rails
+app. We'll need to follow the basic structure, but then we can alter it to our
+needs.
+
+For instance, I typically like to use the `#up` and `#down` methods and write
+raw SQL for my migrations. To help with that this template provides a good
+starting point.
+
+```ruby
+class <%= migration_class_name %> < ActiveRecord::Migration[<%= ActiveRecord::Migration.current_version %>]
+  def up
+    execute <<~SQL
+    SQL
+  end
+
+  def down
+    execute <<~SQL
+    SQL
+  end
+end
+```
+
+We can see in
+[`migration_generator.rb`](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/92be9af152f721588b7414119c931ea92930947b/activerecord/lib/rails/generators/active_record/migration/migration_generator.rb#L26-L43)
+how locals get set and what template gets chosen.

rails/filter-active-model-validation-errors.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Filter ActiveModel Validation Errors
+
+Now that `ActiveModel` has a custom `Errors` class (as of Rails 6.1) instead of
+a hash, we get some useful functionality. Namely, we get a [`#where`
+method](https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveModel/Errors.html#method-i-where)
+that allows us to filter errors based on the attribute name, type of
+validation, and even properties of that validation.
+
+Here I have created a new `Book` without any attributes. All of its validations
+are going to fail and we are going to have an `ActiveModel::Errors` object
+attached to it with several errors.
+
+```ruby
+> book = Book.new
+=>
+#<Book:0x00000001110397a8
+...
+> book.valid?
+=> false
+> book.errors
+=> #<ActiveModel::Errors [#<ActiveModel::Error attribute=added_by, type=blank, options={:message=>:required, :if=>#<Proc:0x0000000110096260 /Users/jbranchaud/.asdf/installs/ruby/3.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activerecord-7.2.1/lib/active_record/associations/builder/belongs_to.rb:130 (lambda)>}>, #<ActiveModel::Error attribute=title, type=blank, options={}>, #<ActiveModel::Error attribute=title, type=too_short, options={:count=>3}>, #<ActiveModel::Error attribute=author, type=blank, options={}>, #<ActiveModel::Error attribute=publication_date, type=blank, options={}>]>
+```
+
+Let's say I want to check for a specific validation error. I can use `#where`
+to filter down by attribute name (e.g. `:title`). I can filter even further by
+including the validation type as well (e.g. `:too_short`).
+
+```ruby
+> book.errors.where(:title)
+=>
+[#<ActiveModel::Error attribute=title, type=blank, options={}>,
+ #<ActiveModel::Error attribute=title, type=too_short, options={:count=>3}>]
+> book.errors.where(:title, :too_short)
+=> [#<ActiveModel::Error attribute=title, type=too_short, options={:count=>3}>]
+> book.errors.where(:title, :too_short).first.message
+=> "is too short (minimum is 3 characters)"
+> book.errors.where(:title, :too_short).first.full_message
+=> "Title is too short (minimum is 3 characters)"
+```
+
+This filtering could be used as part of conditional checks for what flash
+message gets displayed to the user or even what route/view gets rendered in
+response to the error.

rails/format-datetime-with-builtin-formats.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Format DateTime With Builtin Formats
+
+The Rails [`Date`](https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/Date.html)/`DateTime`
+and [`Time`](https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/Time.html) classes each come
+with a `DATE_FORMATS` constant that is a hash of symbol names to format
+strings.
+
+```ruby
+> DateTime::DATE_FORMATS
+=>
+{:short=>"%d %b",
+ :long=>"%B %d, %Y",
+ :db=>"%Y-%m-%d",
+ :inspect=>"%Y-%m-%d",
+ :number=>"%Y%m%d",
+ :long_ordinal=>
+  #<Proc:0x0000000105b2cef0 /Users/jbranchaud/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/3.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-8.0.1/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/conversions.rb:15 (lambda)>,
+ :rfc822=>"%d %b %Y",
+ :rfc2822=>"%d %b %Y",
+ :iso8601=>
+  #<Proc:0x0000000105b2cec8 /Users/jbranchaud/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/3.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-8.0.1/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/conversions.rb:21 (lambda)>}
+```
+
+These can be used as a standardized, ready-to-use, named formats when turning
+`DateTime` objects into strings.
+
+Here are a few examples
+
+```ruby
+> now = DateTime.now
+=> Wed, 30 Apr 2025 23:08:08 -0500
+
+> now.to_fs(:long)
+=> "April 30, 2025 23:08"
+
+> now.to_fs(:long_ordinal)
+=> "April 30th, 2025 23:08"
+
+> now.to_fs(:iso8601)
+=> "2025-04-30T23:08:08-05:00"
+```
+
+If an unrecognized key is passed to `#to_fs`, then it falls back to the
+`:iso8601` format.
+
+```ruby
+> now.to_fs(:taco_bell)
+=> "2025-04-30T23:08:08-05:00"
+```

rails/format-specific-html-erb-template-files.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Format Specific html.erb Template Files
+
+There are a few tools out there that can do formatting of `*.html.erb` template
+files. One that I like is
+[nebulab/erb-formatter](https://github.com/nebulab/erb-formatter#readme)
+because it is ready to use in many different editors. That means that it is
+easier to adopt on a team of developers with different editor preferences.
+
+That said, there are projects where I don't necessarily want it wired up to run
+on save because the formatting changesets will be too agressive. Instead, I
+want to run it manually on specific files as I see fit.
+
+To do this, I install the formatter tool:
+
+```bash
+$ gem install erb-formatter
+```
+
+And now it is available as a CLI tool (try `which erb-format`).
+
+As their docs recommend, I can run it against all files like so:
+
+```
+$ erb-format app/views/**/*.html.erb --write
+```
+
+If that is too aggressive though, I find it useful to either run against a
+specific file:
+
+```
+$ erb-format app/views/some/model/index.html.erb --write
+```
+
+Or when I'm wrapping up changes on a branch, I like to run it against all the
+view files that were touched on this branch:
+
+```
+$ git diff --name-only master...HEAD -- app/views | xargs erb-format --write
+```

rails/manage-timestamps-with-upsert.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Manage Timestamps With Upsert
+
+Modern versions of Rails and ActiveRecord have [an `upsert`
+method](https://api.rubyonrails.org/v8.0.2/classes/ActiveRecord/Relation.html#method-i-upsert)
+which will, if available, use your database's upsert capability to either
+insert a new row or update an existing row based on the unique identifier.
+
+The docs have the following disclaimer:
+
+> It does not instantiate any models nor does it trigger Active Record
+> callbacks or validations. Though passed values go through Active Record’s
+> type casting and serialization.
+
+It's a bit different to work with than other ActiveRecord methods. It left me
+wondering if it would handle timestamp management or if I would have to do that
+myself.
+
+Let's upsert a new record into `books`:
+
+```ruby
+> Book.upsert({title: "Shogun", author: "James Clavell", added_by_id: 1, publication_date: Date.today}, unique_by: :id)
+=> #<ActiveRecord::Result:0x00000001141c3df0 ...
+
+> Book.select(:id, :title, :created_at, :updated_at).last
+=> #<Book:0x0000000113bae898 id: 12, title: "Shogun", created_at: "2025-06-26 14:08:26.035633000 +0000", updated_at: "2025-06-26 14:08:26.035633000 +0000">
+```
+
+Notice that the `created_at` and `updated_at` timestamps get set.
+
+Now, let's upsert the record (notice we're passing in the `id`) to update the title with an `ō`.
+
+```ruby
+> Book.upsert({id: 12, title: "Shōgun", author: "James Clavell", added_by_id: 1, publication_date: Date.today}, unique_by: :id)
+=> #<ActiveRecord::Result:0x0000000113cace98 ...
+
+> Book.select(:id, :title, :created_at, :updated_at).last
+=> #<Book:0x00000001143aadd0 id: 12, title: "Shōgun", created_at: "2025-06-26 14:08:26.035633000 +0000", updated_at: "2025-06-26 14:10:46.280480000 +0000">
+```
+
+Notice that the `updated_at` gets set to a time about 2 minutes later.
+
+Lastly let's look at the `record_timestamps` option. This is `nil` by default
+which means the underlying methods default kicks in which _is_ to record the
+timestamps. We can override that behavior by passing in `false`.
+
+```ruby
+> Book.upsert({id: 12, title: "Shōgun, Part 2", author: "James Clavell", added_by_id: 1, publication_date: Date.today}, unique_by: :id, record_timestamps: false)
+=> #<ActiveRecord::Result:0x0000000113989428 ...
+
+> Book.select(:id, :title, :created_at, :updated_at).last
+=> #<Book:0x0000000114fe1b80 id: 12, title: "Shōgun, Part 2", created_at: "2025-06-26 14:08:26.035633000 +0000", updated_at: "2025-06-26 14:10:46.280480000 +0000">
+```
+
+Notice that the `updated_at` value doesn't change between this upsert and the
+previous upsert.

rails/parameterize-a-string-with-underscores.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Parameterize A String With Underscores
+
+I have human-readable status strings that I'm working with like `In progress`,
+`Pending approval`, and `Completed`. I need to deterministically turn those
+into parameterized values that I can compare. That is, I want them lowercased
+and separated by underscores instead of spaces.
+
+The `ActiveSupport` `#parameterize` method, as is, gets me pretty close.
+
+```ruby
+> statuses = [
+  "In progress",
+  "Pending approval",
+  "Completed"
+]
+
+> statuses.map(&:parameterize)
+=> [
+  "in-progress",
+  "pending-approval",
+  "completed"
+]
+```
+
+Those are separated by dashes though. Fortunately, `parameterize` takes a
+`separator` option that we can use to verride what character is used to
+separate words. Let's use an underscore (`_`).
+
+```ruby
+> statuses.map { |str| str.parameterize(separator: '_') }
+=> [
+  "in_progress",
+  "pending_approval",
+  "completed"
+]
+```
+
+See the [`#paramterize`
+docs](https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveSupport/Inflector.html#method-i-parameterize)
+for more details.

rails/prevent-mailer-previews-from-cluttering-database.md

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Prevent Mailer Previews From Cluttering Database
+
+ActionMailer Previews give you a way to view email templates that your system
+sends. This is how I check that it is styled properly and that the logic and
+data of the template are able to run and render.
+
+Data for a preview typically means we need ActiveRecord objects and even their
+associations. If we start creating one-off records in our previews either with
+`#create` or with something like `FactoryBot`, those records will get left
+behind in our development database. Every view and refresh of a preview will
+generate more of these records.
+
+One way to get around that is to use `#new` and `#build`. I've found this
+cumbersome and it often leaves assocations missing or inaccessible.
+
+What if instead the preview could clean up after itself? That sounds like a
+great job for a database transaction.
+
+Let's create a `test/mailers/previews/base_preview.rb` as a base class for all
+our preview classes.
+
+```ruby
+class BasePreview < ActionMailer::Preview
+  def self.call(...)
+    message = nil
+    ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
+      message = super(...)
+      raise ActiveRecord::Rollback
+    end
+    message
+  end
+end
+```
+
+This wraps the existing `self.call` functionality in a transaction that
+collects the resulting message from the preview and then rolls back the
+database changes.
+
+Now, instead of our individual preview classes inheriting directly from
+`ActionMailer::Preview`, they can inherit from `BasePreview`.
+
+```ruby
+class UserMailer < BasePreview
+
+  # ...
+
+end
+```
+
+[source](https://stackoverflow.com/a/31289295)

rails/provide-fake-form-helper-to-controllers.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Provide Fake Form Helper To Controllers
+
+I'm rendering a partial from a turbo stream. The partial is meant to be
+rendered within a Rails form object because it contains an input element that
+needs to reference the form object. The problem is that from the controller
+that is streaming the partial, there is no
+[FormBuilder](https://api.rubyonrails.org/v6.1.0/classes/ActionView/Helpers/FormBuilder.html)
+object.
+
+One way to get around this that I've borrowed from [Justin
+Searls](https://justin.searls.co/posts/instantiate-a-custom-rails-formbuilder-without-using-form_with/)
+is with a `FauxFormHelper`.
+
+```ruby
+module FauxFormHelper
+  FauxFormObject = Struct.new do
+    def errors
+    end
+
+    def method_missing(...)
+    end
+
+    def respond_to_missing?(...)
+      true
+    end
+  end
+
+  def faux_form
+    @faux_form ||= ActionView::Helpers::FormBuilder.new(
+      nil,
+      FauxFormObject.new,
+      self,
+      {}
+    )
+  end
+end
+```
+
+This module defines and exposes a `faux_form` object that controllers and views
+can access. Then my partial can recieve that form object as a parameter.

rails/run-dev-processes-with-overmind-instead-of-foreman.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Run Dev Processes With Overmind Instead Of Foreman
+
+Most Rails projects that I have worked on have used
+[`foreman`](https://github.com/ddollar/foreman) as a development dependency for
+running all the processes declared in your Procfile (`Procfile.dev`). As far as
+having a single command to run everything (Rails server, asset building,
+worker(s), etc.), it does the job.
+
+`foreman` has some serious points of friction though. The one that really stands
+out to me is that when I try to debug the development Rails server with
+`binding.irb` or `binding.pry`, the other processes tend to interfere.
+
+The alternative to `foreman` that I've been trying out recently is
+[`overmind`](https://github.com/DarthSim/overmind). A specific selling point of
+`overmind` is that it runs all the development processes in a `tmux` session.
+That means you can individually connect to, inspect, and restart each process.
+
+Once you've installed `overmind` (`brew install overmind`), then you can easily
+swap it in for `foreman` like so:
+
+```bash
+$ overmind start -f Procfile.dev
+```
+
+You can connect to any of those processes directly:
+
+```bash
+$ overmind connect sidekiq
+```
+
+When you want to `binding.irb` the Rails server, you can specifically connect to
+the `web` process to do that.
+
+```bash
+$ overmind connect web
+```
+
+If you need to stop all the process, you can run the `kill` subcommand.
+
+```bash
+$ overmind kill
+```
+
+Lastly, if you have a `bin/dev` script in your project, it is probably using
+`foreman`. If you and your team prefer `overmind`, then update that script
+accordingly and you can simply run `bin/dev` going forward.

rails/run-rails-console-with-remote-dokku-app.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Run Rails Console With Remote Dokku App
+
+Whenever I want to `rails console` into the _staging_ server of an app I'm
+working on, I first have to `ssh` into server and then I have to come up with
+the [`dokku`](https://dokku.com/) command to run `rails console` against the app
+on that server.
+
+```bash
+local> ssh app-staging # app-staging is an SSH alias
+staging> dokku run my-app rails console
+```
+
+I figured out how to reduce the friction of this by collapsing it into a single
+command that I can run locally. I can remotely run the `dokku` command with
+`ssh` using an interactive session (`-t`).
+
+```bash
+local> ssh -t app-staging dokku run my-app rails console
+```
+
+That will open up a `rails console` session directly in the current shell
+session via a remote SSH connection. The `-t` flag is important because that
+makes the session interactive so that I can interact with the REPL.
+
+I've even packaged this up into a bin script (`bin/staging-console`) with a
+couple checks to enhance the DX. I won't put the whole thing here, but the gist
+of it is:
+
+```bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e
+
+if [ -z "$DOKKU_STAGING_SSH_ALIAS" ]; then
+  echo "Error: DOKKU_STAGING_SSH_ALIAS environment variable is not set."
+  echo ""
+  # echo more help details here ...
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+# Check if SSH alias exists
+# ...
+
+# Check if we can reach the server
+# ...
+
+# Run the console
+ssh -t "$DOKKU_STAGING_SSH_ALIAS" dokku run my-app rails console "$@"
+```

rails/scope-records-to-a-lower-or-upper-bound.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Scope Records To A Lower Or Upper Bound
+
+Typically when we use
+[`#where`](https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/QueryMethods.html#method-i-where)
+to scope queries against ActiveRecord models, we are looking to do a direct
+"equals" comparison.
+
+Such as `auth_codes.user_id = 1` in the example below.
+
+```ruby
+> AuthCode.where(user_id: 1)
+  AuthCode Load (0.4ms)  SELECT "auth_codes".* FROM "auth_codes" WHERE "auth_codes"."user_id" = 1 /* loading for pp */ LIMIT 11
+```
+
+We can do more powerful things with `#where` (assuming your database supports
+it, in my case PostgreSQL), such as comparing over ranges of dates. Ruby's
+range syntax gives us an elegant way to express ranges.
+
+```ruby
+> 2..10 # range with lower bound of 2 and upper bound of 10
+
+> 2.. # 'end'less range
+
+> ..10 # 'begin'less range
+```
+
+These latter two examples are ranges that are unbounded on one side or the
+other. We can use these in ActiveRecord `#where` queries to do "greater than or
+equal to" and "less than or equal to" conditionals.
+
+And we can do the same with ranges of dates like in the following queries.
+
+
+```ruby
+> AuthCode.where(created_at: 10.days.ago..).count
+  AuthCode Count (97.1ms)  SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "auth_codes" WHERE "auth_codes"."created_at" >= '2025-09-24 00:35:46.937715'
+
+> AuthCode.where(created_at: 10.days.ago..5.days.ago).count
+  AuthCode Count (0.6ms)  SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "auth_codes" WHERE "auth_codes"."created_at" BETWEEN '2025-09-24 00:35:59.901441' AND '2025-09-29 00:35:59.901512'
+
+> AuthCode.where(created_at: ..5.days.ago).count
+  AuthCode Count (0.3ms)  SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "auth_codes" WHERE "auth_codes"."created_at" <= '2025-09-29 00:36:09.731444'
+```
+
+Notice in the generated SQL how the simple `#where` method gets transformed
+into a `>=`, a `<=`, or a `between` clause.
+
+And while dates are a powerful example of this, there is nothing to stop us
+from querying against other kinds of ranges like numeric ones.
+
+```ruby
+# Orders under $10
+ten_dollars_in_cents = 10 * 100
+Order.where.not(fulfilled_at: nil).where(amount: ..ten_dollars_in_cents)
+```

rails/use-ruby-extension-for-template-file.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Use .ruby Extension For Template File
+
+An interesting feature of Rails that I can't seem to find documented anywhere is
+that you can write a template file with plain Ruby by using the `.ruby`
+extension. For instance, you might want to render some JSON from a template.
+Instead of using `jbuilder` or `erb`, you can have a `show.json.ruby` file. This
+is also popular with Turbo Stream files -- e.g. `update.turbo_stream.ruby`.
+
+How this works is that the entire file is evaluated as if it were a `.rb` file.
+Then the return value of the final statement is what is returned and rendered by
+Rails.
+
+```ruby
+author_byline = @book.authors.map(&:name).to_sentence
+
+data = {
+  id: @book.id,
+  title: @book.title,
+  author: author_byline,
+  status: @book.published_at > Time.current ? 'Coming Soon' : 'Published',
+  publication_year: @book.published_at.year
+}
+
+data.to_json
+```
+
+That final line converts the hash of data that we've built up into a JSON string
+that can then be rendered by the controller action that corresponds to this view
+template.
+
+Similarly, you can have a Turbo Stream template `show.turbo_stream.ruby` that
+looks something like this:
+
+```ruby
+[
+  turbo_stream.prepend("posts", @post),
+  turbo_stream.update("form", partial: "form", locals: { post: Post.new })
+].join
+```
+
+This template file is made up of a single statement which is an array of turbo
+stream results that get joined together.

ruby/avoid-double-negation-with-minitest-refute.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Avoid Double Negation With Minitest Refute
+
+As I'm writing some tests for a recent feature, I end up with various test
+cases that make a variety of assertions.
+
+```ruby
+assert_equal resp_body["id"], expected_id
+
+# ...
+
+assert_not resp_body["items"].empty?
+```
+
+The first assertion reads pretty naturally. The second one requires some extra
+mental parsing because of the `_not` and then the "negative" check of
+`#empty?`.
+
+Another way to express this that might read more naturally is with
+[`#refute`](https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-3.0.2/libdoc/minitest/rdoc/Minitest/Assertions.html#method-i-refute).
+
+```ruby
+refute resp_body["items"].empty?
+```
+
+This says that we _refute_ that items is empty, so the assertion should fail if
+empty.
+
+Ruby is flexible in other ways. We may also prefer to write it as:
+
+```ruby
+assert resp_body["items"].present?
+```
+
+Or we could even take advantage of a more specific variant of refute with
+[`#refute_empty`](https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-3.0.2/libdoc/minitest/rdoc/Minitest/Assertions.html#method-i-refute_empty):
+
+```ruby
+refute_empty resp_body["items"]
+```

ruby/create-a-module-of-utility-functions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# Create A Module Of Utility Functions
+
+In my [latest blog post](https://www.visualmode.dev/create-a-module-of-utility-functions-in-ruby),
+I went into full detail about how the [`Module#module_function` method](https://ruby-doc.org/3.4.1/Module.html#method-i-module_function) works.
+It creates both a module of utility functions that we can access directly on
+that module like we would with `self` methods. It can also be included in a
+class as a way of sharing copies of those utility functions with the class. A
+key point to them being copies is that they can then be overridden by the
+including class.
+
+Here is the example I used in the blog post:
+
+```ruby
+module MarkdownHelpers
+  module_function
+
+  def heading(text, level = 1)
+    ("#" * level) + " #{text}"
+  end
+
+  def link(text, href)
+    "[#{text}](#{href})"
+  end
+
+  def image(alt_text, href)
+    "!#{link(alt_text, href)}"
+  end
+end
+```
+
+I won't cover everything that the blog post covers, but what I found really nice
+about this pattern is that I can call those utility functions directly with the
+module as the receiver:
+
+```bash
+$ ruby -r ./markdown_helpers.rb -e 'puts MarkdownHelpers.link("Click here", "https://example.com")'
+[Click here](https://example.com)
+```
+
+The alternative to this generally looks like:
+
+```ruby
+module MarkdownHelpers
+  def self.heading(text, level = 1)
+    ("#" * level) + " #{text}"
+  end
+
+  def self.link(text, href)
+    "[#{text}](#{href})"
+  end
+
+  def self.image(alt_text, href)
+    "!#{link(alt_text, href)}"
+  end
+end
+```
+
+That would be fine, but we completely lose out on the ability to include it as a
+mix-in with other classes.

ruby/create-mock-class-that-can-be-overridden.md

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# Create Mock Class That Can Be Overridden
+
+Let's say I've defined a `MockTwilioClient` class for my system tests so that
+they don't have to actually make calls out to the Twilio API.
+
+```ruby
+class MockTwilioClient
+  def send_sms_message
+    "MSG_SID_123"
+  end
+end
+```
+
+Now, any test that is exercising behavior that uses those parts of the
+`TwilioClient` can mock those calls in a predictable way.
+
+The above class always is successful when `send_sms_message` is called. What if
+we want to simulate an error response? We need a way to override the client for
+specific testing scenarios.
+
+Let's create a helper that can create `MockTwilioClient` instances, either as is
+or with overrides.
+
+```ruby
+def create_mock_twilio_client(&block)
+  if block_given?
+    Class.new(MockTwilioClient, &block).new
+  else
+    MockTwilioClient.new
+  end
+end
+```
+
+If we pass it a block with specific method overrides, it will create a one-off
+anonymous subclass of `MockTwilioClient` with that block which effectively
+overrides the parent class's methods.
+
+We can put this to use like so:
+
+```ruby
+require 'test_helper'
+
+class SomeSystemTest < SystemTestCase
+  class MockTwilioClient
+    def send_sms_message
+      "MSG_SID_123"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def create_mock_twilio_client(&block)
+    if block_given?
+      Class.new(MockTwilioClient, &block).new
+    else
+      MockTwilioClient.new
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "send message to customer" do
+    mock_client = create_mock_twilio_client
+
+    TwilioClient.stub(:new, mock_client) do
+      # some action that uses `send_sms_message`
+      
+      # some assertions ...
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "fail to send message to customer" do
+    mock_client = create_mock_twilio_client do
+      def send_sms_message
+        raise "Failed to send message"
+      end
+    end
+
+    TwilioClient.stub(:new, mock_client) do
+      # some action that uses `send_sms_message`
+      
+      # some assertions ...
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+In the second test case, I override the _success path_ with a version of
+`send_sms_message` that raises an error.

ruby/decompose-unicode-character-with-diacritic-mark.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Decompose Unicode Character With Diacritic Mark
+
+A character like the `ñ` is typically represented by the unicode codepoint of
+`U+00F1`. However, it is also possible to represent it with two unicode
+codepoints -- the `n` (`U+006E`) and the combining diacritical mark `˜`
+(`U+0303`).
+
+We can see that by comparing a typed `ñ` with one where we split it apart into
+the separate codepoints. We can do that with
+[`#unicode_normalize`](https://apidock.com/ruby/v2_5_5/String/unicode_normalize)
+and the `:nfd` argument which stands for _Normalized Form Decomposed_.
+
+```ruby
+> "ñ" == "ñ".unicode_normalize(:nfd)
+=> false
+> "ñ".unicode_normalize(:nfd).length
+=> 2
+> "ñ".length
+=> 1
+```
+
+We can inspect the exact codepoints by iterating over each character and
+printing out the codepoint value.
+
+```ruby
+"ñ".each_char.with_index do |char, i|
+  puts "#{i}: '#{char}' -> U+#{char.ord.to_s(16).upcase.rjust(4, '0')}"
+end
+# 0: 'ñ' -> U+00F1
+# => "ñ"
+
+"ñ".unicode_normalize(:nfd).each_char.with_index do |char, i|
+  puts "#{i}: '#{char}' -> U+#{char.ord.to_s(16).upcase.rjust(4, '0')}"
+end
+# 0: 'n' -> U+006E
+# 1: '̃' -> U+0303
+#=> "ñ"
+```
+
+Notice the difference after the character has been decomposed such that the
+diacritic is separated from the character.
+
+This can be done with other characters containing diacritics.
+
+And here we go the other direction with
+[`#pack`](https://ruby-doc.org/core-3.0.1/Array.html#method-i-pack).
+
+```ruby
+> [0x006E, 0x0303].pack("U*")
+=> "ñ"
+> [0x00F1].pack("U*")
+=> "ñ"
+> [0x006E, 0x0303].pack("U*") == [0x00F1].pack("U*")
+=> false
+```

ruby/get-specific-values-from-hashes-and-arrays.md

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Get Specific Values From Hashes And Arrays
+
+Ruby defines a `#values_at` method on both `Hash` and `Array` that can be used
+to grab multiple values from an instance of either of those structures.
+
+Here is an example of grabbing values by key (if they exist) from a hash.
+
+```ruby
+> hash = {one: :two, hello: "world", four: 4}
+=> {one: :two, hello: "world", four: 4}
+> hash.values_at(:one, :four, :three)
+=> [:two, 4, nil]
+```
+
+And here is an example of grabbing values at specific indexes from an array, if
+those indexes exist.
+
+```ruby
+> arr = [:a, :b, :c, :d, :e]
+=> [:a, :b, :c, :d, :e]
+> arr.values_at(0, 3, 6)
+=> [:a, :d, nil]
+```
+
+Notice that in both cases, `nil` is returned for a key or index that doesn't
+exist.
+
+What I like about this method is that in a single call I can grab multiple
+named (or indexed) values and get a single array result with those values.
+
+One way I might use this with a JSON response from an API request could look
+like this:
+
+```ruby
+resp = client.getSomeData(id: 123)
+
+[status, body] = resp.values_at("status", "body")
+
+if status == 200
+  puts body
+end
+```
+
+[source](https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/3.4/Hash.html#method-i-values_at)

ruby/get-the-names-of-the-month.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Get The Names Of The Month
+
+Ruby's `Date` object has a `MONTHNAMES` constant that returns an array of names
+of the month. You'd think that means the array contains 12 items. However, the
+size of that array is 13.
+
+```ruby
+> Date::MONTHNAMES
+=> [nil, "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"]
+```
+
+Notice it has all 12 months, plus an initial value of `nil`.
+
+This is because it allows us to more intuitive access a month by it's index
+without having to do a little subtraction. If I want to know what the 9th month
+is, I can do an array access for `9`.
+
+```ruby
+> Date::MONTHNAMES[9]
+=> "September"
+```
+
+Because arrays in Ruby use 0-based indexing, without this baked in `nil` value,
+you'd instead get `"October"` when passing in `9`.

ruby/install-and-require-gems-inline-without-gemfile.md

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Install And Require Gems Inline Without Gemfile
+
+[Bundler](https://bundler.io/) has an _inline_ feature where you can declare
+gems that should be installed and required for the current file without the use
+of a `Gemfile`. This is useful for creating a single-file Ruby script that can
+define its own dependencies.
+
+Require `"bundler/inline"` and then add a `gemfile` block toward the top of the
+script to specify the source and any gems.
+
+```ruby
+require "bundler/inline"
+
+gemfile do
+  source "https://rubygems.org"
+  gem "httparty"
+end
+```
+
+When the script gets run (e.g. `ruby script.rb`), it will install the gems (if
+they haven't already been installed) and then run the script. You can specify
+version constraints just like you'd do in a `Gemfile`.
+
+Here is a single-file script using this approach that I wrote to interact with
+the Kit API.
+
+```ruby
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+require "bundler/inline"
+
+gemfile do
+  source "https://rubygems.org"
+  gem "httparty"
+end
+
+require "json"
+require_relative "kit_client"
+
+API_SECRET = ENV["KIT_API_SECRET"]
+
+def fetch_all_tags(api_secret)
+  client = KitClient.new("https://api.kit.com/v4", api_secret)
+
+  tags = []
+  after_cursor = nil
+
+  loop do
+    params = {per_page: 1000}
+    params[:after] = after_cursor if after_cursor
+
+    response = client.get("/tags", params)
+
+    data = JSON.parse(response.body)
+    tags.concat(data["tags"])
+
+    break unless data["pagination"]["has_next_page"]
+    after_cursor = data["pagination"]["end_cursor"]
+  end
+
+  tags
+end
+
+tags = fetch_all_tags(API_SECRET)
+
+tags.each do |tag|
+  puts tag
+end
+```
+
+Because I've specified the shebang at the top of the file (and assuming I've
+`chmod +x fetch_tags.rb`), I can run this directly as a script with
+`./fetch_tags.rb`.
+
+[source](https://bundler.io/guides/bundler_in_a_single_file_ruby_script.html)

ruby/join-uri-path-parts.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Join URI Path Parts
+
+The
+[`URI.join`](https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.5.1/libdoc/uri/rdoc/URI.html#method-c-join)
+method seems like a handy way to combine a base URL with some subpath. However,
+there are some subtle gotchas depending on where forward slashes appear in the
+two arguments.
+
+Let's first look at the, in my opinion, desired behavior:
+
+```ruby
+> URI.join("https://example.com/api/v1/", "users")
+=> #<URI::HTTPS https://example.com/api/v1/users>
+```
+
+The base URL has a trailing slash and the path that I want to join to it has no
+leading slash. The result is a path where `users` is joined to the end of the
+base URL. That's what I'm looking for.
+
+Now, let's see some variations on the above approach that give results that I
+wasn't expecting and don't want.
+
+```ruby
+> URI.join("https://example.com/api/v1", "/users") # 1
+=> #<URI::HTTPS https://example.com/users>
+> URI.join("https://example.com/api/v1", "users") # 2
+=> #<URI::HTTPS https://example.com/api/users>
+> URI.join("https://example.com/api/v1/", "/users") # 3
+=> #<URI::HTTPS https://example.com/users>
+```
+
+1. No trailing slash on the base URL. Leading slash on the path to join. The
+   path portion of the base URL is wiped out and `/users` is joined in.
+2. No trailing slash on the base URL. No leading slash on the path to join. The
+   `users` path replaces the last part of the path in the base URL.
+3. Both a trailing slash in the base URL and a leading slash in the path to
+   join. Same behavior as 1.
+
+I have two takeaways from this:
+- Use with caution. If I'm going to use `URI.join` for this purpose, I need to
+  be careful to only use the form in the first code block.
+- The `URI.join` method is probably meant to be primarily used to join a domain
+  (e.g. `http://example.com`) that has no path with some path segment.

ruby/make-structs-easier-to-use-with-keyword-initialization.md

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Make Structs Easier To Use With Keyword Initialization
+
+Typically a [`Struct`](https://ruby-doc.org/3.4.1/Struct.html#method-c-new) in
+Ruby is defined and initialized like so:
+
+```ruby
+> Subscriber = Struct.new(:email, :first_name, :status, :tags)
+=> Subscriber
+> s1 = Subscriber.new('bob.burgers@example.com', 'Bob', :active, [:food, :family])
+=> #<struct Subscriber email="bob.burgers@example.com", first_name="Bob", status=:active, tags=[:food, :family]>
+> s1.email
+=> "bob.burgers@example.com"
+```
+
+That's a nice way to structure light-weight objects.
+
+A potential challenge with multi-argument `Struct` definitions like this,
+especially when they aren't colocated with initialization, is that it can be
+hard to remember or distinguish the argument order when initializing an instance
+of one.
+
+Ruby 2.5 added the `keyword_init` option to help with this exact issue. When
+that option is set to `true` for a `Struct` definition, then we get to
+initialize it with keyword arguments rather than positional arguments.
+
+```ruby
+> Subscriber = Struct.new(:email, :first_name, :status, :tags, keyword_init: true)
+=> Subscriber(keyword_init: true)
+* s1 = Subscriber.new(
+*   first_name: 'Bob',
+*   email: 'bob.burgers@example.com',
+*   tags: [:food, :family],
+*   status: :active
+> )
+=> #<struct Subscriber email="bob.burgers@example.com", first_name="Bob", status=:active, tags=[:food, :family]>
+> s1.email
+=> "bob.burgers@example.com"
+```
+
+Notice I have to use keyword arguments now and that because of that I can
+organize them in whatever order makes sense. Coming back to view this line of
+code later, it is easy to see attribute each value corresponds to.
+
+[source](https://www.bigbinary.com/blog/ruby-2-5-allows-creating-structs-with-keyword-arguments)

ruby/reference-hash-key-with-safe-navigation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Reference Hash Key With Safe Navigation
+
+Let's say we have a variable that we expect to be a hash, but could also be
+`nil`. We want to try to grab a value from that hash by referencing a specific
+key. Because it could be `nil`, we cannot simply do:
+
+```ruby
+stuff[:key]
+```
+
+As that could result in `NoMethodError: undefined method '[]' for nil
+(NoMethodError)`.
+
+We should use the _safe navigation_ operator (`&`) to avoid raising that error.
+However, we should pay attention to a necessary syntax shift from the short-hand
+`[:key]` to the long-hand `[](:key)`.
+
+```ruby
+stuff&.[](:key)
+```
+
+The meaning of this syntax is that we are calling the `#[]` method and we pass
+it a single argument `:key` wrapped in parentheses.
+
+Another approach would be to use `#dig` which can feel more ergonomic than the
+above syntax switch.
+
+```ruby
+stuff&.dig(:key)
+```

ruby/regenerate-lock-file-with-newer-bundler.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Regenerate Lock File With Newer Bundler
+
+While upgrading to the latest Ruby version (4.0.0), I also wanted to upgrade the
+version of `bundler` that my project uses. This shows up at the bottom of the
+`Gemfile.lock` file as the `BUNDLED WITH` line. Despite installing the latest
+version of `bundler`, I get the following message when I try to install
+dependencies.
+
+```bash
+$ bundle install
+
+Bundler 4.0.3 is running, but your lockfile was generated with 2.6.2.
+Installing Bundler 2.6.2 and restarting using that version.
+...
+```
+
+Instead, what we need to tell `bundle` to update the locked version of `bundler`
+in the `Gemfile.lock`.
+
+```bash
+$ bundle update --bundler
+
+Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
+Resolving dependencies...
+Bundle updated!
+```
+
+The `--bundler` flag for `bundle-update` says the following:
+
+> Update the locked version of bundler to the invoked bundler version.
+
+So we could pass a specific `bundler` version to that flag, but in this case I
+want to use the version I'm invoking it with which is the latest that I just
+installed.

ruby/set-default-tasks-for-rake-to-run.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Set Default Tasks For Rake To Run
+
+Let's say our Ruby codebase has a `test` rake task and a `test:system` rake
+task. One runs our unit tests and the other runs our system (headless
+browser-based) tests. They aren't necessary defined in our `Rakefile`. In fact,
+that's how it is in a Rails codebase where these are defined by Rails itself.
+
+We want the default action when [`rake`](https://ruby.github.io/rake/) is
+invoked by itself to be to run both of those test tasks.
+
+This can be accomplished by specifying a `default` task and specifying both of
+those tasks as prerequisites.
+
+```ruby
+task default: ["test", "test:system"]
+```
+
+The `default` task itself does nothing. When we invoke it though, it has to run
+our prerequisites. So running `rake` results in `test` and then `test:system`
+getting run.
+
+If I have something like
+[`unicornleap`](https://github.com/dkarter/dotfiles/blob/b5aae6a9edd5766f0cc9100235b0955a9d53aa85/installer/mac-setup.sh#L47-L74)
+or
+[`confetti`](https://manual.raycast.com/deeplinks#block-702a9613bc82440d853492f553876a20),
+then I can have one of those run in the event that all the prerequisites pass.
+
+```ruby
+task default: ["test", "test:system"] do
+  system("unicornleap") if system("which unicornleap > /dev/null 2>&1")
+end
+```

sed/reference-the-full-match-in-the-replacement.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Reference The Full Match In The Replacement
+
+The `&` can be used in the replacement part of a `sed` expression as reference
+to the string match for this iteration of the expression. The occurrence of `&`
+will be replaced with that entire match.
+
+As the `sed` man page puts it:
+
+> An ampersand (“&”) appearing in the replacement is replaced by the string
+> matching the RE.
+
+I made use of this recently with [a `sed` expression that was evaluating a list
+of filenames that I wanted to construct into a sequence of `mv`
+commands](unix/rename-a-bunch-of-files-by-constructing-mv-commands.md). I needed
+the filename that I was matching on to appear as the first argument of the `mv`
+command I was constructing.
+
+Here is what that looks like:
+
+```bash
+$ ls *.pdf |
+  sed 's/\(..\)\(..\)\(..\) Statement\.pdf/mv "&" "20\3-\1-\2-statement.pdf"/'
+```
+
+Notice right after `mv` in literal quotes is the `&`. That will be replaced in
+the resulting replacement with the full matching string of the regular
+expression in the first part of the sed statement (`s/<RE>/`).

tailwind/disable-and-enable-a-button.md

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# Disable And Enable A Button
+
+With TailwindCSS we can take a couple different approaches to tie the visual
+and functional interactivity of a button to another elements state using
+classes.
+
+One approach is to use
+[`peer`](https://tailwindcss.com/docs/hover-focus-and-other-states#styling-based-on-sibling-state)
+and `peer-checked:<class>`.
+
+```html
+<div>
+  <input
+    type="checkbox"
+    id="peer-enable"
+    class="w-5 h-5 cursor-pointer peer"
+  />
+  <label
+    for="peer-enable"
+    class="cursor-pointer text-slate-700 font-medium"
+  >
+    I agree to the terms and conditions
+  </label>
+  <button
+    class="opacity-40 pointer-events-none grayscale cursor-not-allowed peer-checked:opacity-100 peer-checked:pointer-events-auto peer-checked:grayscale-0 peer-checked:cursor-pointer"
+  >
+    Peer Submit
+  </button>
+</div>
+```
+
+Classes to make to button appear disabled (e.g. `opacity-40`) as well as
+functional classes that affect interactivity (e.g. `pointer-events-none`) are
+applied by default. When the sibling checkbox gets checked, the inverted
+classes take effect making the button enabled.
+
+The `peer` approach works, but lacks flexibility. As soon as I need to make any
+structural changes to the HTML that sever the peer (i.e. sibling) relationship
+of the checkbox and the button, those classes stop working.
+
+With
+[`group`](https://tailwindcss.com/docs/hover-focus-and-other-states#styling-based-on-the-descendants-of-a-group)
+and `group-has-[:checked]:<class>`, I can style the button relative to another
+group member as long as everything is nested under some shared group tag.
+
+```html
+<div class="group">
+  <div class="flex items-center gap-3">
+    <input
+      type="checkbox"
+      id="group-enable"
+      class="w-5 h-5 cursor-pointer"
+    />
+    <label
+      for="group-enable"
+      class="cursor-pointer text-slate-700 font-medium"
+    >
+      I agree to the terms and conditions
+    </label>
+  </div>
+  <button
+    class="opacity-40 pointer-events-none grayscale cursor-not-allowed group-has-[:checked]:opacity-100 group-has-[:checked]:pointer-events-auto group-has-[:checked]:grayscale-0 group-has-[:checked]:cursor-pointer"
+  >
+    Group Submit
+  </button>
+</div>
+```
+
+We can even utilize [named
+groups](https://tailwindcss.com/docs/hover-focus-and-other-states#differentiating-nested-groups)
+if we have overlapping and conflicting group interactions. But I won't get into
+that here.

taskfile/create-interactive-picker-for-set-of-subtasks.md

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Create Interactive Picker For Set Of Subtasks
+
+For [my TIL repo](https://github.com/jbranchaud/til), I have a `Taskfile.yml`
+that defines a set of `notes:*` tasks for interacting with a `NOTES.md` file
+that lives in a private Git submodule.
+
+I wanted to make it easier on myself to not have to remember all the different
+`notes` subtasks, so I created a helper task to make it easy to see the options
+and run one.
+
+A summary of the Taskfile is shown below including the entirety of the `notes`
+task. That task will parse a listing of the available tasks (via `task --list`
+and some `sed` commands) and pass those to `fzf` to provide an interactive
+picker of the available subtasks.
+
+```yaml
+tasks:
+  notes:
+    desc: Interactive picker for notes tasks
+    cmds:
+      - |
+        TASK=$(task --list | grep "^\* notes:" | sed 's/^\* notes://' | sed 's/\s\+/ - /' | fzf --prompt="Select notes task: " --height=40% --reverse) || true
+        if [ -n "$TASK" ]; then
+          TASK_NAME=$(echo "$TASK" | awk '{print $1}' | sed 's/:$//')
+          task notes:$TASK_NAME
+        fi
+    interactive: true
+    silent: true
+
+  notes:edit:
+    ...
+
+  notes:sync:
+    ...
+
+  notes:open:
+    ...
+
+  notes:push:
+    ...
+
+  notes:status:
+    ...
+
+  notes:pull:
+    ...
+
+  notes:diff:
+    ...
+
+  notes:log:
+    ...
+```
+
+Now I can run the `notes` task to get a summary and interactive picker that
+looks like the following:
+
+```sh
+❯ task notes
+Select notes task: 
+  9/9
+> │                    Interactive picker for notes tasks
+  diff:                Show uncommitted changes in notes
+  edit:                All-in-one edit, commit, and push notes
+  log:                 Show recent commit history for notes
+  open:                Opens NOTES.md (syncs latest changes first) in default editor
+  pull:                Pull latest changes (alias for sync)
+  push:                Commit and push changes to notes submodule
+  status:              Check status of notes submodule
+  sync:                Sync latest changes from the notes submodule
+```
+
+It pulls in the subtask name and description. I can then use `fzf`'s navigation
+and filtering to narrow down and select the task I want to run.

taskfile/run-a-task-if-it-meets-criteria.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Run A Task If It Meets Criteria
+
+The [Taskfile `status`
+directive](https://taskfile.dev/docs/guide#limiting-when-tasks-run) can be used
+to tell a task when it needs to run. If it doesn't need to run, it can be
+skipped over. The idea being that we're making a status check to see if we're
+up-to-date or need to run the task.
+
+For instance, here is a `status` check that determines if there are changes to
+commit and push. If there are changes to `NOTES.md`, then we are out-of-date and
+need to run the `cmds` that make up the task.
+
+```yaml
+  notes:push:
+    desc: Commit and push changes to notes submodule
+    dir: '{{.NOTES_DIR}}'
+    cmds:
+      - git add NOTES.md
+      - git commit -m "Update notes - $(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')"
+      - git push
+    status:
+      - git diff --exit-code NOTES.md
+    silent: false
+```
+
+This is useful because I don't want the `git add`, `git commit`, and `git push`
+commands to run when there is nothing to do.
+
+Note: this is different from the `preconditions` directive. Instead of
+short-circuiting a sequence of tasks, this will either run or skip the task and
+move on to the next one.

tmux/add-bindings-to-split-panes-to-current-directory.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Add Bindings To Split Panes To Current Directory
+
+When I am vertically or horizontally splitting a pane or opening another window,
+I generally want it to open to the same directory as I'm currently in. The
+default behavior in tmux is for those commands to open to the starting directory
+of the session.
+
+Looking through the [tmux.conf in
+dkarter/dotfiles](https://github.com/dkarter/dotfiles/blob/master/config/tmux/tmux.conf#L109-L111),
+I found a good way to achieve the behavior I want.
+
+```
+bind-key - split-window -v  -c '#{pane_current_path}'
+bind-key \\ split-window -h  -c '#{pane_current_path}'
+bind-key c new-window -c '#{pane_current_path}'
+```
+
+What I like about this is that `-` (vertical) and `\` (horizontal) look visually
+like the splits they represent. Meanwhile, I leave `%` and `"` intact.

tmux/set-up-forwarding-prefix-for-nested-session.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Set Up Forwarding Prefix For Nested Session
+
+I use
+[`ctrl-z`](https://github.com/jbranchaud/dotfiles/blob/main/config/tmux/tmux.conf#L57)
+(instead of `ctrl-b`) for my tmux prefix key. I also have [`ctrl-z
+ctrl-z`](https://github.com/jbranchaud/dotfiles/blob/main/config/tmux/tmux.conf#L138-L139)
+configured to toggle back and forth between the previously visited window.
+
+With that in mind, I needed to set up a specific keybinding to send the prefix
+key to an inner (nested) tmux session. That's because sometimes, like with a
+tool such as `overmind`, you can end up connected to a tmux session while
+already within a tmux session.
+
+So, I have `Ctrl-z a` send the prefix key to the inner tmux session. This is
+what I added to my
+[`tmux.conf`](https://github.com/jbranchaud/dotfiles/blob/main/config/tmux/tmux.conf#L167-L168):
+
+```
+# send prefix to inner tmux session (C-z a)
+bind-key a send-prefix
+```
+
+Simply doing `Ctrl-z d` will detach me from the outer tmux session. If I want to
+detach from an inner tmux session, I can use my new keybinding -- `Ctrl-z a d`.

unix/authorize-a-curl-request.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Authorize A cURL Request
+
+When making a cURL request to an endpoint that requires authentication,
+sometimes you already have a bearer token and other times you have a username
+and password pair. If you have a bearer token, you can format a `Authorization`
+header with the `-H` flag that includes that value.
+
+If you have a username and password for the API, you can instead use the `-u`
+flag. The `-u` flag will format the username and password, base64 encode it,
+and then add it as an `Authorization` header.
+
+```bash
+$ curl -v -u "username:password" https://some-endpoint.com/api/v1/status
+
+...
+> GET /api/v1/status HTTP/2
+> Host: some-endpoint.com
+> Authorization: Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQK
+> User-Agent: curl/8.1.2
+...
+```
+
+You can even pass in only the username to the `-u` flag and cURL will know to
+prompt you for the password. This is a nice way to avoid putting plain text
+passwords in your shell history.
+
+```bash
+$ curl -v -u "username" https://some-endpoint.com/api/v1/status
+Enter host password for user 'username':
+```
+
+See `man curl` for more details.

unix/create-a-filename-with-the-current-date.md

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Create A Filename With The Current Date
+
+I was recently working on a script to pull a scrubbed database dump using the
+`pg_dump` Postgres utility. Ultimately, the script does something like this to
+dump a remote database to a local file:
+
+```bash
+pg_dump \
+  -h host.region.rds.amazonaws.com \
+  -U db_username \
+  -d db_name \
+  -F c \
+  -f scrubbed-database-$(date +%Y-%m-%d).dump
+```
+
+Notice the last part of that command where we define the name of the dump file.
+It has a `$(...)` that is used to run and interpolate a command as part of the
+filename.
+
+Here is that `date` command run on its own:
+
+```bash
+$ date +%Y-%m-%d
+2025-04-02
+```
+
+In the above command, that would mean if I were to run it today, I'd get
+`scrubbed-database-2025-04-02.dump`.
+
+This approach can be used with any command where you are producing a file that
+you want to be dated or timestamped.
+
+Here is another example that incorporates the time as well:
+
+```bash
+$ touch $(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)-migration.sql
+# => 20250402_092442-migration.sql
+```

unix/determine-ipv4-and-ipv6-public-ip-addresses.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Determine ipv4 And ipv6 Public IP Addresses
+
+There are a number of ways to do this. The one that I've settled on is sending a
+`curl` request to a public URL that was specifically set up to echo back the
+public IP of the device making the request. There are many such URLs, but the
+one that I tend to use is `ifconfig.io`.
+
+When I run this as is, I get something like the following which you may
+recognize as an _ipv6_ IP address.
+
+```bash
+$ curl ifconfig.io
+2001:db8:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888
+```
+
+This is because if ipv6 is available, like it is for me, `curl` is going to
+prefer that.
+
+Now, if I'm trying to track down specifically my ipv4 address, I can use the
+`-4` flag (or `--ipv4`).
+
+```bash
+$ curl -4 ifconfig.io
+73.23.45.157
+```
+
+Similarly, I could explicitly specify ipv6 with `-6` or `--ipv6`.
+
+See `man curl` for more details.

unix/exclude-a-specific-file-from-fd-results.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Exclude A Specific File From fd Results
+
+I recent wrote a
+[`cat-to-markdown`](https://github.com/jbranchaud/dotfiles/blob/my-dotfiles/bin/cat-to-markdown)
+script that can be piped a list of files from the output of another command to
+do its thing. I then used [`fd`](https://github.com/sharkdp/fd) to list a
+specific set of files by extension that could be piped to this command.
+
+```bash
+fd -e js | cat-to-markdown | pbcopy
+```
+
+This worked, but I quickly realized that one of the JavaScript files included in
+that listing was massive and didn't need to be included.
+
+To exclude it from the list I can use the `-E` flag and then name the file like
+so:
+
+```bash
+fd -e js -E super-large-file.js | cat-to-markdown | pbcopy
+```
+
+I believe this can be an exact match file path or even a pattern that matches
+multiple files.
+
+See `man fd` for more details.

unix/generate-a-sequence-of-numbered-items.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Generate A Sequence Of Numbered Items
+
+The `seq` command will output the specified sequence of numbers.
+
+```bash
+❯ seq 1 5
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+```
+
+With the `-f` (`--format`) flag we can interpolate those numbers as part of a
+string.
+
+```bash
+❯ seq -f "day_%02g" 1 5
+day_01
+day_02
+day_03
+day_04
+day_05
+```
+
+The `%g` indicates that there is a format specifier for a numeric type which is
+where `seq` will inject the current value in the sequence. The `02` indicates
+that it should be `0` padded to `2` digits.
+
+We can then pipe this to another unix command, such as `mkdir` in order to
+quickly create a bunch of directories for, say, [Advent of Code](https://adventofcode.com/2024).
+
+```bash
+❯ mkdir aoc_2024
+❯ cd aoc_2024
+❯ seq -f "day_%02g" 1 25 | xargs mkdir
+```
+
+See `man seq` for more details.

unix/have-script-shellcheck-itself-when-executing.md

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# Have Script ShellCheck Itself When Executing
+
+The [ShellCheck](https://www.shellcheck.net/) utility can be run against bash
+scripts to check if there are any warnings or errors we should fix. It works
+great as long as we remember to run it.
+
+I wondered if I could make it easier on myself by not having to remember to run
+it. What if my bash script were to `shellcheck` itself?
+
+Here is an example script where at the beginning it looks for and runs the
+`shellcheck` utility against `$0` (the path of the script). This is kind of
+meta. As the script is executing, it has an external program run against the
+entire contents of itself. If there are any `shellcheck` issues, they get
+displayed and the program exits early.
+
+```bash
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Exit immediately if any command fails
+set -e
+
+# Self-validation using ShellCheck
+if command -v shellcheck &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "Validating script with ShellCheck..."
+
+    # $0 refers to the script itself
+    if ! shellcheck "$0"; then
+        echo "ShellCheck found issues in the script. Exiting."
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    echo "Script validation passed."
+else
+    echo "Warning: ShellCheck not found. Skipping validation."
+fi
+
+echo "Script execution continuing..."
+
+# shellcheck warning here
+read -p "Continue with current operation? (yes/no): " CONTINUE_WITH_EXISTING
+if [[ ! "$CONTINUE_WITH_EXISTING" =~ ^[Yy][Ee][Ss]$ ]]; then
+    echo "Operation cancelled."
+    exit 1
+fi
+```
+
+This last bit of the script with the `read` command will trigger a warning from
+`shellcheck`.
+
+```bash
+$ ./check.sh
+Validating script with ShellCheck...
+
+In ./check.sh line 23:
+read -p "Continue with current operation? (yes/no): " CONTINUE_WITH_EXISTING
+^--^ SC2162 (info): read without -r will mangle backslashes.
+
+For more information:
+  https://www.shellcheck.net/wiki/SC2162 -- read without -r will mangle backs...
+ShellCheck found issues in the script. Exiting.
+```

unix/interpret-cron-schedule-from-the-cli.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Interpret Cron Schedule From The CLI
+
+I encounter cron task schedules infrequently enough that I don't remember how
+to reliably interpret them at a glance. So when I'm looking over some code and
+I see something like `12 2,16 * * *`, I need to translate it to a
+human-readable format.
+
+I've typically opened up a browser tab to
+[crontab.guru](https://crontab.guru/#12_2,16_*_*_*) for this. However, I did
+just learn about a tool for getting the same information from the CLI.
+
+With the [`hcron`](https://github.com/lnquy/cron) binary, I can pass in a
+single cron schedule and get the same details right from my terminal.
+
+```bash
+$ hcron '12 2,16 * * *'
+12 2,16 * * *: At 02:12 AM and 04:12 PM
+```
+
+I decided to clone this repo, build the binary from source (it is Go), and then
+place the `hcron` binary in my `~/bin` directory which is on my path. Once I
+did that, I could start using the command like above.

unix/make-neovim-the-default-way-to-view-man-pages.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Make Neovim The Default Way To View Man Pages
+
+I was reading the help page for `:Man` which is the built-in plugin to Neovim
+for viewing man pages within a Neovim session. In it, they mentioned that the
+`MANPAGER` can be set to use Neovim instead of the default man page viewer.
+
+This can be done by setting `MANPAGER` like so:
+
+```bash
+$ export MANPAGER='nvim +Man!'
+```
+
+After setting this, you can run something like `man git-restore` which will
+open the man page for that command in a Neovim session using the Man page
+plugin which can do things like follow links to other man pages (`K` or
+`Ctrl=]`), quit by hitting `q`, as well as all the motions and search behavior
+of Vim.
+
+For long-term use, this can be set in your shell config, e.g. `~/.zshrc`. For
+one-off use, you can include it as an env var for a single call to `man`:
+
+```bash
+MANPAGER='nvim +Man!' man git-restore
+```
+
+See `:h :Man` within a Neovim session for more details.

unix/rename-a-bunch-of-files-by-constructing-mv-commands.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Rename A Bunch Of Files By Constructing mv Commands
+
+I downloaded a bunch of bank statements as PDFs. On the upside they all were
+consistently named. On the downside they used an unhelpful date format. With a
+date format that puts year before month before day, the files easily sort
+alphanumerically. However, these filenames used a date format that put month
+before day before year.
+
+Here is a subset of the files
+
+```bash
+$ ls *.pdf
+'012524 Statement.pdf'
+'012725 Statement.pdf'
+'022624 Statement.pdf'
+'022625 Statement.pdf'
+'032524 Statement.pdf'
+'032525 Statement.pdf'
+```
+
+Notice they are named with `MMDDYY Statement.pdf`. I would instead like for them
+to be named as `YYYY-MM-DD-statement.pdf`.
+
+I can generate a series of `mv` statements that then get piped to `sh` which
+_evaluates_ them. But first, let's do a dry run of a `sed` statement that
+rearranges the date parts.
+
+```bash
+$ ls *.pdf | sed 's/\(..\)\(..\)\(..\) Statement\.pdf/mv "&" "20\3-\1-\2-statement.pdf"/'
+mv "012524 Statement.pdf" "2024-01-25-statement.pdf"
+mv "012725 Statement.pdf" "2025-01-27-statement.pdf"
+mv "022624 Statement.pdf" "2024-02-26-statement.pdf"
+mv "022625 Statement.pdf" "2025-02-26-statement.pdf"
+mv "032524 Statement.pdf" "2024-03-25-statement.pdf"
+mv "032525 Statement.pdf" "2025-03-25-statement.pdf"
+```
+
+The way this works is that all the `pdf` files in the current directly get
+listed out. That gets piped to a `sed` statement that matches on capture groups
+against the first three pairs of characters (the date parts) in the filenames.
+It matches on the rest of the filename (` Statement.pdf`). This is then replaced
+by a `mv `, the full match of the original filename (`&`), and then the new
+filename made up of the rearranged date parts.
+
+I can then pipe it to `sh` to run those `mv` commands.
+
+```bash
+$ ls *.pdf |
+  sed 's/\(..\)\(..\)\(..\) Statement\.pdf/mv "&" "20\3-\1-\2-statement.pdf"/' |
+  sh
+```

unix/shorten-ssh-commands-with-aliases.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# Shorten SSH Commands With Aliases
+
+Each time I need to SSH into one of my remote app boxes, like _staging_, I run a
+command like the following:
+
+```bash
+$ ssh root@staging-box.com
+```
+
+Instead of having to remember the user and domain, I can add aliases to my
+`~/.ssh/config` file.
+
+```
+# Staging Server
+Host staging
+    HostName staging-box.com
+    User root
+
+# Sandbox Server
+Host sandbox
+    HostName sandbox-box.com
+    User root
+```
+
+Then I can SSH to each of these like so:
+
+```bash
+$ ssh staging
+
+$ ssh sandbox
+```
+
+These aliases help a little bit, but they will help even more in situations
+where I need other settings configured for the SSH sessions like `Port` or
+`ForwardAgent`.

unix/transform-text-to-lowercase.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Transform Text To Lowercase
+
+I was reading through [`setup.sh` in
+dkarter/dotfiles](https://github.com/dkarter/dotfiles/blob/master/setup.sh#L7-L9)
+and noticed this function for converting a given bit of text to all lowercase
+letters.
+
+```bash
+lowercase() {
+  echo "$1" | sed "y/ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ/abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz/"
+}
+```
+
+It's an interesting use of `sed`, but it made me wonder if `tr` was a better
+tool for this job. I looked into it and `tr` is better suited to the task, more
+expressive, and also compatible across Mac and Linux.
+
+Here is what it looks like with `tr`:
+
+```bash
+lowercase() {
+  echo "$1" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'
+}
+```
+
+This has the added benefit of working across all kinds of UTF-8 characters.
+
+```bash
+$ echo "ΑΛΦΑΒΗΤΟ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'
+αλφαβητο ελλαδα
+```
+
+See `man tr` for more details.

vim/bypass-on-save-tooling-when-writing-file.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Bypass On-Save Tooling When Writing File
+
+Every once in a while I run into an issue where my code formatters or linters
+are misconfigured for a project. I try to save a file and it applies formatting
+that I don't want. Or in an extreme case, the error ouput of the tool is what
+overwrites the file.
+
+I need to troubleshoot my dev tooling eventually, but I don't want to get
+sidetracked at the moment. I just want to save the file. What can I do?
+
+Tools like linters and code formatters are typically hooked up to Vim via
+autocommands on certain actions like `FileWrite*` or `BufWrite*`. We can
+execute a Vim command like writing a file (`w`) while disregarding autocommands
+like so:
+
+```vim
+:noautocmd w
+```
+
+or, write and quit:
+
+```vim
+:noautocmd wq
+```
+
+This disables all autocommands for this one command. The file gets saved and
+the misconfigured formatters and linters don't clobber the changes you
+intended.
+
+See `:h noautocmd` for more details.

vim/reword-a-commit-message-with-fugitive.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Reword A Commit Message With Fugitive
+
+When you have the fugitive summary buffer (`:Gedit :`) open and there are
+unpushed commits, you'll see them listed below the working tree and staging area
+details. If you notice an issue with the wording of any of those commits, you
+can initiate an interactive rebase to reword the commit from that window.
+
+Navigate the cursor over that commit and then hit `rw` (for _reword_).
+
+This will split open an interactive rebase buffer with `reword <SHA>`. Save that
+buffer and the commit message will be opened into a buffer where it can be
+amended, just like if you were to amend a commit with an interactive rebase from
+the CLI.
+
+The `rw` binding can be used in any fugitive view where commits are listed. For
+instance run `:Git log`, navigate to any commit, and then hit `rw`.
+
+See `:h fugitive_r` for details about all the rebase mappings.

vscode/open-file-on-remote-like-github.md

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+# Open File On Remote Like GitHub
+
+One of my favorite `vim-fugitive` features is being able to run the `:GBrowse`
+command to open the current file or current selection of lines to GitHub in the
+browser. This is useful for getting a shareable URL or even just being a
+starting point for browsing the codebase from GitHub.
+
+VSCode (as well as Cursor) supports this functionality as well. There are a
+couple ways to do it.
+
+First, from the File Browser sidebar you can right click on a particular file or
+directory. Find the _Open on Remote (Web)_ submenu. From there select _Open File
+on Remote_. That will open the file in GitHub with the focused line highlighted
+(or will open to that directory, as the case may be).
+
+Alternatively, you can right click in the file editor and follow the exact same
+steps as described above.
+
+If you're wanting a permalink to the remote that highlights a selection of
+lines, you can highlight that section of lines and right-click the selected
+lines and again follow the steps above.
+
+If your remote is some other host like BitBucket, it will recognize that from
+your project's gitconfig and open to that instead of GitHub.

workflow/do-project-time-tracking-from-the-cli.md

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+# Do Project Time Tracking From The CLI
+
+The [`watson` CLI utility](https://github.com/jazzband/Watson) is built to help
+track time across projects right from the terminal. It is written in Python and
+can be installed via `brew` or `pip3`.
+
+To start tracking a new or existing project, I can specify it by name like so:
+
+```bash
+$ watson start my-project +reporting
+Starting project my-project [reporting] at 00:28
+```
+
+This starts a timer for the `my-project` project and includes the tag
+`reporting`. Tags are optional but can give some context to what part of a given
+project this time session is for.
+
+At any point during a session, we can check the status.
+
+```bash
+$ watson status
+Project my-project [reporting] started 14 seconds ago (2025.11.14 00:28:31-0600)
+```
+
+And when we are done working on that project for the time being, we can stop it.
+
+```bash
+$ watson stop
+Stopping project my-project [reporting], started a minute ago and stopped just now. (id: e8e8ed5)
+```
+
+Once we're ready to start another session (`timeframe`), we just need to run
+`watson start ...` again.
+
+See `watson --help` for other subcommands provided by the utility.

workflow/view-a-nicely-formatted-csv-in-terminal.md

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+# View Nicely-Formatted CSV In Terminal
+
+I'd just written and run a script to generate a CSV of data requested by a
+stakeholder. Before sending it over to them, I wanted to briefly browse through
+it to make sure the data passed a spot-check and that the way I structured
+things looked reasonable.
+
+There are a dozen ways I can view a CSV file on my machine, but I wasn't
+interested in opening another program or navigating to the file in Finder.app.
+
+I had generated the file in the terminal and I wanted to view it there.
+
+The Rust-built [`csvlens`](https://github.com/YS-L/csvlens) CLI is just what I
+was looking for.
+
+```bash
+$ csvlens data_report_20250627.csv
+```
+
+This shows the data spaced out with columns and rows and has a set of
+keybindings that can be browsed with `?`.
+
+I got this tool from `brew install csvlens`.